322 
the roof of the veranda sloping towards the 
front, surmounted as it were by the ornament¬ 
al guble, subordinate to the tower, and the 
placing of the window with a hood over the 
first, story of the tower windows, makes It, a 
very neat, comfortable, picturesque, and also 
cheap cottage. In the selection of a site, it is 
desirable that the plot of ground be elevated 
above the street, as the gradual slope arising 
towards the building, gives to It architectural 
beauty. 
Referring to the letters on the floor plan 
(Fig. 153), A is the parlor, 12 feet 6 inches by 
1.3 feet: 13, dining-room. 14 by h r > feet; C, bed¬ 
room, » by 17 feet; D, kitchen, 11 feet 6 inches 
by 11 feet fi inches; K. conservatory. 4 by 6 
feet: F, pantry ,4by H feet fi inches; veran¬ 
da, 5 feet on side and 7 feet on front; H, 
closet. The second story consists of four bed¬ 
rooms and sufficient closet room. 
The stable, shown at Fig. 154, has accom- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
Americana, and is of medium size, and is a 
free-stone. Tt is not as large as some others 
in that family, but is valuable for drying and 
culinary nses. It is a moderate l>earer. The 
Green Gage and all others in the family of 
P. domestiea are entire failures in the IV est. 
Pottawattamie Co., la. H. A. terri. 
t’iettr Crops. 
SOMETHING ABOUT POTATOES. 
After having experimented several years, 
I reject the entire seed end of the potato, cut 
the rest to single eyes, and plant in rows three 
feet apart, and one foot apart in the rows. I 
also plant In a plot,selected seed, and from that 
plot select my seed again. I find in this way 
I can produce potatoes of nearly any form and 
size I please. I find that while all my other 
varieties scabbed very badly, the Rural ■ 
Blush, treated iu the same way, was entirely 
free. If we have secured a potato that has 
skin tough enough to resist the scab, we have 
obtained quite a good acquisition, and can 
well put up with depth of eye to which some 
Object., but which can iu a short time be bred 
out. But is not the Rural a little off when 
it recommends level culture? It may do for 
New Jersey and Long Island; but will it do 
for all parts of the country? Out hero iu the 
northwestern part of Ohio, we have an exam¬ 
ple of that theory. A subscriber of the 
Rural followed the advice, and has to buy 
potatoes, while his father, also a subscriber, 
hilled up his potatoes in the drills, and has 
potatoes to sell on two-tlii rds less acreage. -[ We 
always beg our readers to try any new imtbod 
advocated, iu a small way.—E ds.]. l. h. 
an angle of 45 degrees and raise up on the 
handle, let the boy deftly place a plant in the 
opening, while you withdraw the spade, and 
press the earth firmly over the plant, with the 
foot. A man and boy should in this way set 
5.000 plants in a day, in good shape. Your 
field planted, cultivate thoroughly, carefully, 
but very shallowly, especially next the plants, 
all Summer; mulch late in the fall, heavily 
between, but lightly over the rows, and don't 
disturb the bed in the Spring; and when you 
eat the berries you will be glad you planted 
them. Don’t fail to put this advice in prac¬ 
tice this very Spring._ 
•RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Plan, of First Floor of Stable. 
Fig. 155. 
modationsfor three horses and two cows, suit¬ 
able for a man who would farm on a small 
scale, or a country place where a man of little 
means wishes to keep a small stock of cattle. 
It is very neat in appearance. The arrange¬ 
ment or both the horse and cow stalls is very 
convenient. The water supply to the tank 
can be furnished with running water from the 
hill side, or from a force pump, or by any 
other means applied for supplying water. 1 he 
stable, of course, could be changed to suit 
anybody’s vants or taste, location, circum¬ 
stances, etc. 
A is the carriage room; B, stable; C, har 
ness room; D, cow stable; E, pig pen; F, 
stable yard; G, tool room; H, closet; I, tauk. 
The architect of these designs is C. C. Buck, 
of 2 East 14tli Street, New York._ 
potuologicfll 
RAWLE’S JANET— AMERICAN GOLDEN 
RUSSET. 
REV. HENRY WARD BEECHER. 
Your correspondent, A. N. Rankin, men¬ 
tions Rawlo’s Janet as a good apple. It is a 
peculiarly good one:—First, because it is a 
very late blossomor, and so escapes spriug 
frosts; next, it is the only apple that 1 know 
of that will bear freezing without harm, and 
iiuully, it is a late keeper, and of a mild and 
agreeable flavor. I have seen an orchard In 
Indiana overtaken in Autumn with unexpected 
cold, and the apples frozen so that, they would 
clink when struck together; yet, when gathered 
and placed iu the cellar iu barrels, they suf 
fered no harm, Aaron Alldritcli, of Indian¬ 
apolis, now dead, an experienced and sagacious 
nurseryman, used to assure mo that this apple 
only, of all, would bear freezing. 
American Golden Russet. I have been 
trying for 20 years to get this apple. It is 
Coxo’s Sheep-Nose. It was named the Amer¬ 
ican Golden Russet by Downing, to distin¬ 
guish it from the English Golden Russet. But 
I buy of various nurserymen who advertise 
it—oh, yes, they have it,!—and yet, when it 
comes to bearing, it. is not true to name. The 
fact, is singular, that though it, is an Eastern 
apple—New Jersey, 1 believe it is not known 
in the East. I hope to stir up the wrath of 
some of our Eastern poniologists to contradict 
me. It is remarkable for being the liuk lie. 
tween the apple and the pear, in richness, 
meltingness, and flavor. It will not, keep. I lie 
fact is, once tasted, in a large family, it goes 
off faster than any other apple. It is well 
known in Central and Southern Indiaua, and 
is on sale in Cincinnati market as an early 
winter apple. 
I have had four distinct sets of trees and 
grafts which, on coming into bearing, prove 
not to be the true Golden Russet,. 
The Weaver iT-i N jf> in the family of P. 
• -IV,- 51 
Bright Predictions for Sorghum Sugar. 
—Dr. Collier, in his work on sorghum, says 
that w r hen worked by the best methods which 
we now have, fully one-third of the sugar is 
left, in the stalks, and that such a loss is per¬ 
mitted to continue, is a reproach to the indus¬ 
trial science of the country. It is by no means 
improbable that a variety of sorghum shall 
be developed much superior in sugar-produc¬ 
ing qualities to any we now have. Great,im¬ 
provement has been made in the beet, and 
like improvement is certain to be made iu 
sorghum. Nor does he doubt that within a 
very few years, we shall render ourselves in¬ 
dependent* of other natious for our sugar sup¬ 
ply. He predicts that, before 1900, we shall be 
profitably exporting sugar, aud bases bis be¬ 
lief on these facts: 1. About 38 per cent, of 
all our cultivated land is devoted to coin¬ 
growing, showing the perfect adaptability of 
our climate to corn. 2. The conditions of 
successful growth of sorghum and corn 
are the same. 3. The methods of culti¬ 
vation are identical. 4. Analyses have 
shown that sorghum seed differs from 
corn, no more than one variety of corn from 
another. 5. Feeding experiments have shown, 
that sorghum seed is as good for fattening 
animals as corn, and may be substituted for 
it. A As much sorghum seed per aero can be 
produced as of coru. 7. 95 per cent, ol’ all the 
sorghum now grown is for the seed aud leaves 
uloue, as feed. 8. It is only alter the seed is 
fully ripe that the most sweet is available. 9. 
When sorghum is mature it contains as much 
sugar as is fouud in the best tropical cane. 
10. Experiment has shown that even in small 
mills, the sirup can be made at from 12 to 25 
cents per gallons. 11. A yield of six pounds 
of sugar from agallmi of sirup is a fair aver¬ 
age. 12. Excellent sugar has already been 
made from sorghum at a cost not exceeding 
4^ cents per pound, taking no account of the 
value of seed. I n view of these results, Frol. 
Collier has uo doubt that sugar can now be 
made for two cents per pound, aud predicts 
that within 10 years it will be made for one 
cent, per pound > making this the sugar pro¬ 
ducing country of the world. 
Planting Straw-berries.— Parker Earle, 
iu liis advice to Michigan strawberry-growers, 
says that people who buy fruit in the market, 
w ill pay more for beauty than for good eating 
quality, but those who plant for borne use 
should reverse this. Plant iu the Spring, not, 
iu the Fall or Summer. In setting plants, 
don’t follow any aristocratic directions; dou't 
fuss live minutes over a siugle plant, unless 
you enjoy the fun of the thing. Here is a 
better way; ha.ve the land well prepared and 
carefully marked for the rows; the plants 
should be trimmed, dipped iu water and placed 
in a pail. Let an active boy take the pail, and 
when you thrust a ppftdr into the ground fit 
Dakota. 
Altoona. Beadle Co., April 30.-When we < 
have more timber to break some of the cold I 
winds of a prairie country, all kinds of grain « 
und fruits that grow in the same latitude East, 13 
will flourish here in Dakota, on about par- 
nllel 44 v . The great trouble is to find much to I j 
do through the long winter months, and con I 
sequently we get tired of our long W inters, but I 
what couutry on this latitude will admit of I i 
working the soil earlier than April 1 ? mcO.p. 
Raymond. Clark Co., April 30—Seeding al- I 
most finished; acreage of wheat largely in¬ 
creased ; quite a large demand for seed barley ■ 
to use for feed, corn being so uncertain. Stock 
of every kind scarce—not equal to the demand I 
—aud prices good. T ’ M- 
Kansas. 
Bloomington, Osborne Co. , April 20.—It 
seems my little article, wherein 1 said: “We 
are expecting a big immigration this Spring, I 
especially from Iowa, where the crops last 
year were a failure, 1 ’ has stirred up some 
comment, and criticism from ye editor and 
some correspondent of the Rural. The re¬ 
marks of the editor were very pat,and con¬ 
tained a good deal of good advice. 1 will just 
remark tbut if some of those old moss-backs 
away East, especially those where I came I 
from in Pennsylvania, were to emigrate out 
West to Kansas or even Iowa, I think it would 
I mprove them wonderfully, intellectually and 
inancially. One Iowa correspondent us- 
»ects lain a land agent Well, he was off I 
he track that time. I don’t know whether he 
s a land agent or not; if be is. he has tny 
Sympathy, but I am proud to say I am a far¬ 
mer. My information was based on reports 
rom Southern and Southwestern Iowa, and 
,he “ big immigration” I predicted is upon us, 
md, Just as I expected, principally from Iowa, 
where, as they all report, the corn crop last 
year was almost, a total failure. The immi¬ 
grants. too, are thy very lwst class; men of 
means and good moral character. J. w. M. 
Mammohuaetts. 
East Bridgewater, Plymouth Co., April 
SO.—The season has been very cold and wet 
here, and but very little planting has been 
done yet. c * H - B - 
New York. 
Wright’s Corners, Niagara Co , May 4.— 
For 14 days in succession, we have had unin¬ 
terruptedly fine weather, without one hour in 
which we could not work; the ground has been 
in excellent condition, and the result is that 
barley aud oats are mostly sown; the earliest 
barley is up, and looks green and healthy. 
Last year the first cherry blossoms appeared 
on May 10: now they are showing as much; 
so, while the seasou is about five days in ad¬ 
vance, the weather has been so favorable, the 
work is much more advanced than that. I 
never saw wheat of a more healthy growth, 
or more promising of an abundant harvest. 
We are now preparing for potato plaubing; 
but i rices for them are so low, l think a very 
small area will lie planted, the result of which 
will probably be high prices another year. A 
car-load of my yearling lambs were shipped 
ou Friday—average weight. 99 pounds—and 
as I took over five pounds of wool per head 
last December, their present weight is equiva¬ 
lent to one of 104, a gaiu of 34 pounds since 
November t; and taking the price paid, from 
the price received, and adding the amount for 
wool sold, gives me somewhat over *4 per 
head and the manure, for their winter’s feed. 
The manure is where T get the profit. With 
plenty of that, 1 can grow anything, h, m. j. 
MAY U 
more or less with blood; a discharge from the 
eyes and nose; a snuffling noise when breath¬ 
ing; mouth and extremities cold; entire loss 
of appetite: eyes sunken; increase of weak¬ 
ness as the disease progressed. The little things 
ware born strong and healthy, and continued 
so for a few days, but they died within a few 
days after the appearance of the first symp¬ 
tom*: what ailed them ? 2. When should onion 
seeds be rowed to produce sets, and how much 
seed should lie used per acre? 
Ans. _L The disease seems to have been 
caused by some unwholesome food taken bj 
the cows, and of which the calves got the 
greater part in the milk. This is frequently 
the case with young animals which suck their 
dams, or are fed upon milk. The remedj 
would have been to treat the cows instead of 
the calves. Possibly a dose of linseed oil (one 
pint) given to each cow, and a change of feed 
immediately, would havesaved the calves. 3. 
Onion sets are grown by rowing the seeds on 
poor ground, quite thickly, in rows nine inches 
apart, early in the season. The small onions 
are taken up iu August und dried and kept in 
a dry place, safe from frost, until the Spring. 
A bout 24 pounds, and oven 30 pounds of seed 
to the acre; or three ounces to a square rod, 
are usually sown for th’S purpose. 
REARING CALVES ON SHORT MILK RATIONS. 
c. w. K., New Windsor, IK.—1. Can calves 
from three to four weeks old be successfully 
raised without a full ration of milk; nut with 
plenty of gl ass and griiin? 8. W ould it pay to 
buy calves of that age now at *5 a head to 
sell iu earlv Winter at from 112 to*15 a head: 
3. Do Bermuda and Quack Grass look alike? 
Ans.— 1 . A calf at four weeks old may be 
reared successfully with a half ration of milk 
filled out with warm water, if it has grass and a 
moderate allowance of brnn und finely ground 
corn meal. But over feeding must be guarded 
agaiust; a little linseed meal added will be 
beneficial, a. Whether it would be profitable 
or not depends upon the skill and care of the 
feeder and the cheapness of the pasture. 
There would belittle profit in one year's feed 
ing; the most profit would be in the second 
year, it would also make a great difference 
whether the calves were good or poor stock. 3. 
Yes; somewhat in their eaily growth, but not 
in the least later. 
ailing calves. 
■S’. K. II., Edgerton, Colo,— 1. 1 have lost 
three calves by a disease of which the follow¬ 
ing are the symptoms; Bowels very loose; 
constant dropping of a whitish fluid mixed 
PILLS FOB POULTRY. 
M. D. E, , Coopers! own, S, Y. —My poultry 
seem stupid at first, lose the use of their legs 
so that they cannot stand, soon lose their appe¬ 
tite also, lie around for a week or two, and 
then die; what ail* them! 
Ans.— it is probable that these fowls are 
sick from over-feeding. Physniking fowls is 
a poor business, and hardly pays for the 
trouble; but you might try the following:— 
Take a dram of powdered rhubarb, a dram of 
powdered Peruvian bark, and a dram of sul¬ 
phate of iron, also powdered. Mix them with 
as much Castile soap as will make them into u 
stiff paste. Roll this info a stick as thick as 
a lead pencil, and cut it into pieces a quarter 
of an inch long. Dust these with dry flour 
and keep them for use. Give three of these 
pills to each sick fowl, and give no food, but 
only water, for two or three da} s. Then feed 
quite lightly Tor a few days. 
PLEURISY IN SHEEP 
H. K., Copper Hill, N. J.—My sheep run at 
the nose, jerk every time they draw their 
breath, lose their appetite, aud die in about a 
week; what ails them $ 
Ans.— The disease is pleurisy, as indicated 
by the shm t, sharp, jerky breathing. Cut the 
wool from the sides, just back of the elbow, 
and apply mustard paste. Give one scruple 
of powdered digitalis, one dram saltpeter, two 
drams uitrous ether, in linseed meal gruel 
twice a day for four or five da\s. Bleeding 
from the vein in the face is said to be very use¬ 
ful, and should be quite copious. 
CHIP MANURE. 
F. V. R , Liberty, Fa.-What is the value of 
well rotted chip manure from hard wood, and 
how should it be applied? 
Ans. It is haid to estimate the commercial 
value of a pile of chip manure: but 
practically there is no better manure for cur¬ 
rants, raspberries or fruit trees, and as a 
manure for cultivated crops,especially for very 
light or very heavy lands, we would as soon 
have it as so much barnyard rnunure; its 
effects would be much more lasting for any 
kind of fruit trees or bushes. Apply it by put¬ 
ting it. about the roots as far out as the limbs 
extend. For cultivated crops, apply broad¬ 
cast aud harrow, plow or cultivate in. 
Miscellaneous. 
(i. A.li.,Groton City, .V.Y.-I l have lost a 
week old calf and two lambs by a disease, the 
symptoms of which were as follows; The ani¬ 
mals were weak in the legs, not being able to 
stand up; their breathing was short and 
! quick, and they died within about 12 hours 
from the time l first noticed that they wei >' 
i sick. W hat ailed them? 3. Who Is the neares' 
