8 S AY. 
PRIZE ESSAY.— Class IV. 
M __ 
the best cattle for the dairy and the 
SHAMBLES. 
DUDLEY MILLER. 
In England, stock for the shambles almost 
monopolize the breeder’s attention, the result 
being the high degree of perfection attained 
by the beef breeds, to the neglect of their 
daily qualities; English dairymen contenting 
themselves with Short-horns and other beef 
breeds for a short time, and then sacrificing 
them to the block. 
The little black Kerry, the Ayrshire, the 
Jersey and Guernsey are, to a very limited 
extent, the dairy hreeds in Great Britain. Ex¬ 
cept the little Kerry, which is to the Short¬ 
horn what the Shetland is to the Clydesdale, 
all of these breeds are pretty well represented 
in the United States. The Continental Euro¬ 
pean breeds which have become known here, 
are the Swiss, the Dutch Belted, and the Hol¬ 
land breeds, known here both as Holstein and 
Friesian. The Dutch Belted breed comprises 
so few animals that it hardly requires more 
than mere mention. 
The Native, which is the result of indiscrim¬ 
inate crossing, must not be passed without uo- 
tice, as many excellent representatives exist 
throughout the country, noted both for their 
dairy and beef qualities Col. Chas. D. Mil¬ 
ler, of Peterboro, N. Y.. had a native called 
Lolly, which produced 82 quarts—<18 pounds 
12)^ ounces—of milk in one day, and made 20 
pounds 8 ounces of butter in seven days. One 
of the strongest objections to Natives is the 
great uncertainty in their breeding; they can¬ 
not bo depended on to reproduce their like. This 
is doubtless the cause of that unfortunate cus 
tom. among dairymen, of disposing of their 
calves instead of raising those from the best 
milkers. Thus tho blood of cows found by 
actual experience to be the best, is lost, and 
those whose merits are unknown have to be 
purchased to fill their places. 
The “best cattle for the dairy and the sham¬ 
bles” must not only be superior for beef or for 
the productions of tho daily, but must com¬ 
bine those qualities to a greater degree thah 
any of the others. Hence, tho breed which 
fails in the dairy cannot be considered, and 
this disposes of tho polled breeds, the Gallo, 
ways, Angus and Norfolks, and also of the 
Longhorns and the Herefords. 
On the other hand, those dairy breeds which 
lack size and consequently are not beef-pro¬ 
ducers, must waive their claims in this com¬ 
petition. Under this head come the Kerry, 
Jersey and Guernsey. 
The breeds, aside from Natives, which com¬ 
bine excellence in the dairy and for beef, are 
the Swiss, Devon, Short horn and Holsteins. 
The Swiss. As a beef animal, the Swiss is 
very highly commended. Mature cows weigh 
from 1.000 to 1,300 pounds, and fat steers from 
2,000 to 2,500, and mention is made of one 
weighing 3,000 pounds. The milk is unusually 
rich, and the annual yield is from 3,(MX) to 5,000 
pounds. The average weight of a herd of 
these cows kept in Germany was 1,225 pounds, 
and their average yield of milk for a year 
was 5,764 pounds. There are so few of this 
breed in the United States, that data concern¬ 
ing them are quite meagre. 
The Devon.— Mr. Geo. Rudd, of Canada, 
a breeder of Devons for 20 years, and of wide 
reputation, mentions selling two two-year-old 
bulls which averaged 1,075 pounds, and he 
exhibited at Philadelphia a nine year-old bull 
weighing between 2,300 and 2,400 pounds. 
Mr. Rudd speaks in high terms of the fine 
flavor and quality of Devon beef. Secretary 
Buckingham, of the American Devon Cattle 
Club, reports four weekly butter tests of 
Devons, made in 1882, varying from 15 pounds 
8 ounces to 20 pounds 5 ounces, which average 
nearly 17 pounds per week. At a competitive 
trial of dairy cows at the Islington Show, Eng¬ 
land, in 1883, comprising the Jersey, Guernsey, 
Short horn, Holstein and Devon breeds] 
analysis of the milk showed, that that of the 
last contained a larger percentage (9.2(5), 
of solids other than fat, than that of any other 
breed, a day’s milk of the Holstein producing 
the greatest amount of fat and other solids, 
viz.: 7.3 pounds. 
The Short-horns.— The Skort-horus for 
many years have taken more prizes at fat stock 
shows than any other breed, but the Here¬ 
ford, Angus and other beef breeds, are closely 
following them, and occasionally lead. Some 
Short-horns weigh 1,000 pounds at a year old; 
1,500 pounds at two years, and mature animals 
from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds. The bull Vaulner, 
bred by Richard J. Webb, in England, and a 
prize-winner at Stettin, Germany, in 1805, 
weighed 2,200 pounds. The bull calf. First 
Fruit, bred by Mr. Webb, took first prize at 
Battersea, and weighed 1,600 pounds at 10 
months old. which is the greatest weight at 
that, age on record. Coding's Short-born 
Durham Ox, by Favorite, was said to 
weigh 216 stone—3.024 pounds. The superior 
quality of beef, the rapid growth, the great 
size, and the large proportion of flesh to offal 
are the Short-horn's strong points. As a dairy 
cow Jonathan Talcott mentions Adelizas’s 
record of 17 pounds 8 ounces of butter in 
a week, and Lady Oxford 2d’s yield of 
40 to 50 pounds of milk in a da}*. Among the 
most noted milking Short-horns was Ruby, 
owned by Geo. Vail, of Albany. N. Y., which 
has a record of 40 pounds 2 ounces of butter 
in 20 days, but not consecutive days; and a 
milk record of 50.1*100 pounds for .80 days. 
Lady of the Lake gave 50 pounds of milk per 
day, and 16 pounds of butter in 10 days. 
Flora gave, in 10 days, 562 pounds of milk, 
which produced 21 pounds 4 ounces of butter. 
Her estimated milk record for the year was 
10,452 pounds. Mr. John H. Powell, of Pennsyl¬ 
vania, is said to have owned a Short-horn that 
produced 8 pounds 13 ounces of butter in three 
days. 
The Holstein. — The Holstein breed is 
large, black-and-white in color, makes rapid 
growth, and produces the best of veal and 
beef. Many instances are recorded of again 
in live weight of three to four pounds per day. 
Mr. T. G. Yeomans & Sous’ bull calf Burly, 
gained 160 pounds in 50 days. Lad gained 
four pounds, and Chief four nud-four-tenths 
per day, both the property of Mr. S. Aiken. 
Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr.’s., Iaap fourth, 
gained flve-and-one-third pounds per day for 
80 days, and weighed 1,200 pounds at II 
months old. This gain of five and oue-third 
pounds per day is unparalleled. Mature cows 
are reported to have weighed 2.(XM) pounds, 
and other animals 3,000 pounds, and over. 
Tho following are the weights of three cows 
and throe bulls owned, or bred, by Hon. Ger- 
rit S. Miller, of Peterboro, N. Y.: /Egis, 1,650 
pounds; Echo, in milking condition, 1,810 
pounds; Isis, 1,880 pounds; Hollander, 2,020 
pounds; Mahomet. 2,300 pounds: Uncle Tom, 
2,290 pounds. Mr. Chenery’s Van Trornp 
weighed 2,720 pounds. In the Fall of 1883, Mr. 
Underwood exhibited, at the Michigan and 
Ohio fairs, a bull said to weigh 3,500 pounds. 
The cows usually weigh 1,200 to 1,600 pounds, 
and, when not in milk, fatten rapidly on 
grass alone. The usual weight for hulls Is 
1,800 to 2,200 pounds. 
Mr. L. S. Hardin, “ after writing to 
all the famous breeders of dairy stock in the 
country for butter records,” made a table, the 
results of which show that the best herds made 
an annual record of butter averaging, per 
cow, as follows: Short-horns, 252 pounds 8 
ounces; Ayrshires, 273 pounds; Jerseys, 281 
pounds; Natives, 802 pounds; Holsteins, 350 
pounds. By this it appears that the Holsteins 
made over 13 per cent, more than any other 
breed. 
Tho following are some Holstein butter re¬ 
cords: Messrs. Smiths*Powell’s Jannek made 
28 pounds 6 ounces in 10 days, and their Nether- 
land Queen, 20 pounds in seven days. Snow¬ 
flake, bred by Hon. Gerrit S. Miller, made 27 
pounds 8 ounces in 10 days. Mr. Mitchell’s 
Frieda made 6 pouuds X ounces in two days. 
Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.’s, Jantje made 90 
pounds 8 ounces in 31 days, and his Mercedes 
made in 30 days, 99 pounds 6j^ ounces of un¬ 
salted butter, thereby making the greatest 
butter record known, taking the Breeders’ Ga¬ 
zette's Challenge Cup, which was open to all 
competitors, and standing champion of the 
world. 
Among the cows imported or bred by Mr. 
Wales, are tho following, with one day’s re- 
cox-d; Jantje, 90 pounds 8 ounces; Roda, 89 
pounds 8 ounces; Mercedes, 88 pounds; Bril- 
liante, 80 pounds. Jantje gave 2,628 pounds 8 
ounces in 31 days, and Mercedes 2,354 pounds 
in 31 days. Messrs. Smiths & Powell’s Aaggie 
has an annual milk record of 18,004 pounds 15 
ounces: Messrs. T. G. Yeomans & Son’s Aag¬ 
gie 2d (a two-year-old) produced in one year 
17,746 pounds 2 ounces. Hon. Gerrit S. Miller 
has imported or bred animals with the follow 
ing daily records: Empress, 81 pounds; Aegis, 
82 pounds 12 ounces; Johannah, 88 pounds, 
and Oudine, 90 pounds 8 ounces. Aegis’s an¬ 
nual record is 16,823 pounds 10 ounces, and 
Echo’s is 18,120 pounds 8 ounces. Empress’s 
six months’ record at Peterboro, in 1883, was 
11,339 pounds 12 ounces. Her Holland record 
for one day is 108.91-100 pounds. It is due to 
Messrs. Smiths & Powell and Mr. F. C. Ste¬ 
vens, to state that they owned, respectively, 
Aegis and Echo when their milk records were 
made. 
In this essay, the merits of each breed have 
been placed in the most favorable light, which 
such facts as were obtainable permitted. From 
the facts collected here, it will be seen that the 
Circular of Information of the Bu¬ 
reau of Education— No. 1, 1884, Meeting 
of the International Prison Congress at Rome, 
in October, 1884. 
Diseases of Plants, Experiment Or¬ 
chard and Peach Yellows. Conducted at 
Houghton Farm, Mountainville, N. Y. A 
pamphlet of 64 pages, giving the results of a 
series of experiments uow being conducted in 
an orchai'd of fruit trees and vinos. A few 
pages are also devoted to the peach yellows. 
Report of the Commissioner of Aori- 
CULture for 1883. Washington: Govern¬ 
ment Printing Olllco; 484pages. Every fanner 
should procure this report, to learn what, work 
is being carried on in the farmer’s department 
of the Government, it contains a great deal 
of valuable information that is not easily ob¬ 
tainable elsewhere. 
H. C. Carter & Co., 101 North Moore 
Street, N. Y. Circular of dairy supplies, in¬ 
cluding nearly everything needed for dairy 
use. This house makes a specialty of a popu 
lar tub fastener, made of a strip of tin the 
proper width and proper length, for fastening 
the tops of butter t,nhs. It has a Hweeds iron 
tack put in each end and held there securely, 
ready for use, by a fold in the tin. These 
must bo a great convenience for those hand¬ 
ling butter. 
Boomer & Boscheut Press Co., Syra¬ 
cuse, N. Y. A neat catalogue of 80 pages, 85 
of which are used in illustrating and describ¬ 
ing their cider-making machinery, including 
graters, pumps, presses, and platforms. The 
presses shown are of all sizes, from the hand 
press, making from Ilf to 20 barrels per day, 
to the Mammoth press, with its improved 
double platform, easily making as many bar¬ 
rels per hour. The <15 remaining pages are 
filled with testimonials from those who have 
used tho machinery made by this firm, and if 
one half of whatis said in these testimonials be 
true, those Dresses and cider-making ma¬ 
chines must be good enough to satisfy the 
most exacting. This catalogue will be sent 
free to all who are contemplating cider-rnak- 
ing, and who apply for it, mentioning the 
Rural. 
Ant. Roozkn * Ron, Overveen, Holland. 
Now York Agency, J. A. DeVeer,3l8 Broad¬ 
way. A catalogue of hyacinths, tulips, and 
all kinds of hardy bulbs for fall planting, as 
well as gladioli, amaryllis, etc. Our readers 
will order through Mr. DeVeer in any quan¬ 
tities they may choose. The bulbs will be de¬ 
livered in New York, and all duties paid by 
him. As soon as the goods are received ho 
notifies his patrons, who then direct whether 
they shall be supplied by mail, express, or 
freight, paying for them by money order, 
or C. O. D., as preferred. All orders for fall 
dolivery should be sent before July 15. 
This firm sent us, last Fall, an assortment of 
bulbs to be tested. They are blooming uow, 
and are entirely satisfactory. Among hya¬ 
cinths Gen. Havelock (very dark blue), La 
Grandes.se (large single white flowers), more 
crisp thau Tube-roses, Kir Henry Havelock 
(single violet-red), Lord Derby (lavender- 
very large flower and truss), are among the 
finest. Among narcissus, we should advise 
friends to order Ajax bicolor, which has a 
long golden-yellow cup with light-yellow pe¬ 
tals. The prices in this catalogue are very low. 
Since the publication of the Rural of 
April 26th, showing the rabbit-tight fence, we 
have had so many inquiries as to where it 
could be obtained, that we are glad to receive 
from Messrs. Broekner & Evans, of No. 422 
West Street, N. Y., a handsomely printed and 
fully illustrated catalogue of 52 pages, show¬ 
ing the many novelties they make and have on 
hand suitable for the poultry raiser, fiom the 
mesh wire cloth, from one to six feet wide, to 
all styles and sizes of coops, from those large 
enough, only for a single hen, to the elaborate 
house surrounded hy six or eight different 
yards, such as would be needed by the pro¬ 
fessional, all of which are so made as to be 
taken down for packing and moving from 
place to place, to be again quickly re-erected, 
and they are all sold at what, to us, seems a 
very reasonable price. We believe this house 
Here are the names of some swindlers late¬ 
ly “black listed” by the Post-office. We have 
received many inquiries and much informa¬ 
tion about some of them, and have helped to 
get their names in this catalogue of frauds. 
Some of the humbugs have already figured in 
this department. Here wo enn spare room 
only for the names of the cheats who 
are still carrying on business; the official list 
of the rascals that have discontinued their 
roguery, or are carrying it ou under new 
names, is nearly as long. 
Framingham, Mass. Ashland & Sou, Edgar 
W, Jones, alias Harry S. Littleton & Co., 
Union Purchasing Co., Union Pub. Co., Mag¬ 
netic Watch Co., H. Lee, Middlesex Manufac¬ 
turing Co., Cottage Library. 
Augusta, and Battle Creek, Mich. John 
Crest, alias W. J. Hill, C. H. Walker, C. Wade. 
Atlanta, Ill. Star Publishing Co. 
Atlauta, Oa. A. Henry, alias Michael & 
Co , A. 0. Morton alias A. C. Morton & Co., 
alias Ponce do Leon * Co., alias New York 
Jawlory Co., alias C. R. Gilbert & Co., alias 
Gilbert & Co., alias Georgia Supply Co. 
Athens, Ga. Acme Importing Co., alias 
A E. Henderson. 
Athol, Mass. I). E. Chamberlin & Co., alias 
Athol Novelty Co , Athol Publishing Co. 
Beaver Dam, Wis. C. H. Rowan, alias Ex¬ 
celsior Manufacturing Co. 
Bloomington, Ill, W. M. Clinton & Co., 
alius Comet Publishing Co. 
Boody, 111. P. D, Ply. 
Boston. L. A. Ashman, Bay State Organ 
Co., Eastern Gun Works, Enterprise Pub. Co., 
Home Delight. Co., llub Mfg. Co.. Hub Watch 
Co., Inventors’ and Manufacturers’ Associa 
tion, Japanese Curiosity Co., Now England 
Scientific Works, N. E. Mfg. Co., Paris Art 
Co., Parisian Photograph Co., People’s Paper 
Pub. Co., Welcome Guest. G. W. 
Hanson, alias “Broker,” P. O. Box 2848, 
American Mfg. Co., British Cutlery Associa¬ 
tion, Domestic Mfg. Co., Illustrated Monthly 
Miscellany, Ingraham & Co., M. F. Jones, 
Miscellany Publishing Co., William Flaynes, 
P. (). Box 3415, Sheffield Knife Co., Tracy & 
Co., Tremont Jewelry Co., Tromont Spoon 
Co , A. W. Vane, Wildes * Co., Buy State 
Publishing Co., alias Earl, Gray & Co., alias 
U. Earl and H. Gray. 
Boston, Rockland, Brooton, South Wey¬ 
mouth, Mass, and Chicago, Iff. E. Ellsworth 
Slocum, alias Agents’ Uuion, American Book 
Co., Kls * Co., D. P. Els* Co., Paris Nov. 
Co., Royal Piano Co., Solar Watch Co., Holog¬ 
raph Watch Co.. Star Mfg. Co., D. P. Huy- 
dam, P. W. Williams & Co., Alex Rodanow 
alias Rodatmw Manuf'g Co. 
Brattleboro, Vt. Carbon Chemical Co. 
Bristol, Toon. John Burrow. 
Buffalo, N. Y. Claude L. Strong alia ,,s Rub¬ 
ber Typo Co. 
Burlington, Iowa. D. A. Kratzer. 
Butler, Pa. D. Z. Seldner. 
Charleston, W. Va. Livingston University 
of America. 
Cali as. Me. Henry G. Waterson & Co., 
F. G. Waterson, Hugh McKay, Hugh McKay 
& Co. 
Chester, Pa. C. W. Whitney & C'o., J. C. 
Henry*Co., alias Clarence W. Miller. 
Cheyenne, W. T. Great Western Distribu¬ 
tion Go., alius Matthews * Co., Kennecke * 
Co., F. Kennecke, Tho Messers. Kennecke, J. 
M. Pattoe, John W. Magee, 
Chicago, lit K. Ellsworth Slocum’s thirteen 
aliases, see Chicago list under Boston, Mass., 
heading. J. G. Clark & Co., alias J. G. 
Clark, L. D. Herrick, Peter W. Williams, 
alias E. G. Napa & Co., Victor Napa & Co , 
Paris Importing House, Paris Book and Nov¬ 
elty Co., John Cantlin & Co., H. Knox & Co., 
Prof. R. Keudricks, Juvenile Steam Engine 
Go., L. I latt, alias Wm Tower, Sprague 
Manuf’g Co,, J. W. Wallace & Co., Paris 
Book Co. L. Strong, Harry B. Hudson, alias 
Hudson, Strong & Co., 169 Clark Street, H. C. 
Strong. Manager, 196 Clark Street; B. G. 
Martindalo; Bennett, Hoitzman * Co.; Cud- 
worth & Co.; Chas. J. Henri & Co.; R. E. 
KendalJ & Co.; Geo. S. Mayo, alias Geo. S. 
Mayo & Co., alias M. G. Sanford, alias M. G. 
