nearly the entire crop so early that it does well 
for market. 
Snyder is not so large as either of the 
above, but it is a better bearer and is much 
hardier. 
^ayxor gives promise of being as hardy as 
the Snyder, and more prolific. 
Stayman’h Early I have uot fruited yet; 
but it will really root from the tips like a rasp¬ 
berry, for 1 have tried it. 
I am not satisfied with any blackberry I 
have yet tried. For this section ft blackberry 
should be a good bearer, the berries should be 
medium to large, and the whole crop should 
ripen at once. About hardiness we care noth¬ 
ing, having to cover the canes anyway, and 
no mildew ever bothers us here. The prices 
of raspberries and blackberries generally re¬ 
main through the season at about 30 to 35 
cents per quart, wholesale. J. s. mcC. 
Fort Collins, Col. 
£unn(>l|cn). 
THE EFFECT OF FEVER. 
COL. F. D. CURTIS. 
Early last Autumn, an old sow had a litter 
of pigs. Her udders were very large, and 
nearly touched the ground. On this account, 
after the pigs were born, she was not fed any¬ 
thing except a little thin swill for a day or 
two. At the end of thut time, because of the 
number of pigs, she was fed moderately. At 
the end of a week, on account of the inflam¬ 
mation of the udders and consequent soreness, 
although very motherly In other resjjects, she 
refused to let the pigs suck except a very little. 
They soon became emaciated and weak, and 
bad to be fed cows’ milk, to keep them alive 
After a great amount of trouble, in about 
three weeks the sow entirely dried up. 'Ihe 
pigs had never been good for anything. It 
was impossible to make them grow. They al¬ 
ways acted as though they didn’t have any 
stomachs, and I think this was the case; or, in 
other words, their stomachs were broken 
down, and their ability to digest food was de¬ 
stroyed by the fevered milk which they got 
from their mother. 
I have ruised pigs entirely on cowr’ milk, 
and had them do well. If T should ever huve 
another case of this kind, I would either kill 
the pigs, or take them away from the mother 
aud feed them altogether on cows’ milk. There 
is no doubt whatever in my mind, that when 
the udders are in such a fevered condition, the 
milk is very injurious. 
It is a mistake to liberally feed any animal 
which has a large udder, aud is liable to store 
up a good deal of milk, before giving birth. 
It is liable to cause milk fever. This is es¬ 
pecially the case with eowsor sows. It is just 
as much a mistake to feed heavily just after 
giving birth. When a sow is left to follow her 
own instincts, she will not leave her nest for 
several days after the pigs are born, except to 
get a drink; and this is really all that she re¬ 
quires. For a week, she should not be given 
any food which would increase the flow' of 
milk. A few roots or raw potatoes, or coarse 
bran, would be best. If left to herself, she 
would remain more quiet, and will not 
be so liable to lie or step upon the pigs. 
It is a feverish condition which causes a sow 
to destroy her young, and this is induced by 
giving her concentrated food. 1 um trying to 
prevent constipation aud fever by feeding my 
breeding sows at this time of the year, twice 
a day on roots and raw potatous, and also al¬ 
lowing them to eat as much as they will of 
bright clover hay. The last is a new kind of 
feed with me; but as the hogs seem to relish 
it, I think it is good for them. It has the 
merit, also, of being cheap, and I think it will 
help to keep them in u healthful condition. 
ftrbfiricullunxl. 
TIMBER GROWING- ON THE PRAIRIES. 
“Will forest growing on the prairies pay?’, 
is the first question of the average American, 
“and how long will I be required to wait for a 
return on the investment?’’ Some one has 
said, impatience is the bane of American 
husbandry, and the truth of the saying is 
strikingly illustrated in our forest planting. 
We are slow to follow- the example of Euro¬ 
pean planters, or to exhibit their patieuee or 
skilled and systematic work. In this article, 
I propose to give some description of two 
plantations (aud many more might be cited) 
in this county, showing the success of timber 
planting. 
Mr. J. T. Griffin planted, in 1859, 15 acres 
with walnuts, putting in the nuts where the 
trees were to stand, 10 feet apart each way, 
the ground having been cropped two years 
and deeply plowed. For the first two years 
full crops of corn were raised—not less than 
60 bushels per acre—and the next three years, 
half crops. The trees are now 50 feet high, 
and will measure 25 to 35 Inches. Pruning has 
been well done, to secure straight bodies and 
clear lumber, and each tree will furnish a saw 
log 13 to 10 feet long, without a limb. The 
owner is now thinning out one-fourth, getting 
from each tree an average of 2% posts, worth 
25 cents each, and two small posts suitable for 
wire fence, worth 12 cents each, making, in 
all, $90.25 the acre, to which, if the value of 
the corn crops be added, the total return so 
far, would be $169.75 per acre, leaving 324 of 
the best trees per acre, the inferior ones having 
been cut out. The land can uow be seeded 
with Blue Grass, and it will furnish excellent 
sheep pasture. The tops gave fuel sufficient 
to pay all expenses and interest on the land. 
He says that if he were to begin again, he 
would alternate walnuts w-ith ash, catalpa, 
and some black locust. Of the last, he planted 
a crop 25 years ago, and it has furnished a 
constant supply of fuel and pouts. A second 
growth will make a post in five years. A hun¬ 
dred Red Cedars, planted 12 years ago, then 
18 inches in hight.. are uow 30 feet high, and 
he regrets that he did not plant 60 acres. 
A tract planted with Red Maples in 1858 has 
trees which measure four to five feet, two feet 
from the ground. Honey Locust planted 
in 1862, ure four feet five inches in 
circumference Of Osage Oranges, a valuable 
timber for wagon work, as it never shrinks, ho 
has some with bodies 10 feet high and 82 
inches in circumference. In contrast with his 
closely planted walnuts, he bus a row on one 
side of the farm 100 rods long, planted In 1859, 
whose bodies are only four to six feet high, yet 
of five consecutive trees, two are four feet 
around; one, three feet seven inches; one, four 
feet four inches, aud one, three feet eight inch¬ 
es. These have wide-spreading heads, aud in 
1880 produced 200 bushels of nuts, which sold 
readily for planting at $1 per bushel. Another 
plau followed with the walnut plantation is 
to plant cottonwood nurses alternately with 
the walnuts at the end of the second year, cut¬ 
ting them away before they have over-reached 
the main crop. These will give a large lot of 
poles for fencing or fuel. In the Spring of 
1883, millions of young trees were planted, 
and the number has been doubled the proseut 
season, and a great proportion of the planting 
will lx* done in the western part, of the State. 
Three hundred miles to the west, where there 
was little rain-fall and no trees alow years 
ago, a man has 10 acres of Cottonwood, Box 
Elder and walnut growing well, aud six to 
seven feet high. Timber planting will change 
the whole appearance of that country where, 
a few years ago, there was not a tree in sight. 
J. Hallenbeck has 160 acres planted with 
Cottonwood, Walnut, Ash, Maple and Box 
Elder. Twenty acres were planted In walnuts 
in 1865, eight feet apart ouch way. The trees 
have been properly trained, und the bodies 
are now straight and smooth, 12 to 15 feet to a 
limb. Some on the outside row measure 82>£ 
inches. Wherever a walnut “missed,” a 
Cottonwood was planted, aud such trees are 
duce themselves in one-half the time of the 
original growth. Three to five sprouts from 
one stump will grow eight to twelve feet the 
first year. Mr. H. considers there is more 
profit in growing timber on bis land than if 
it had been cropped every year. He has six 
miles of perfect Osage hedge ou his farm. 
Omaha, Neb. J. T. a. 
The Weeping Spruce.—A good deal of 
artistic skill is shown at Fig. 174 in our little 
cut of the Weeping Norway Spruce, showing 
its form as well as the larger engravings we 
have seen. It is re engraved from the London 
Garden. Our own specimen is six feet high, 
eight years from the nursery, and has not as 
yet been injured either by the cold of Winter 
or the heat of Summer. 
■Hlisccllimeous. 
matter I think it is, sometimes, not quite just 
or discriminating. f. l. nagle. 
mm 
mms, 
Weeping Norway Spruce. 
the London Garden. 
Re-engraved from 
Fig. 174. 
now 40 to 50 feet high. From these he has 
sold this year four cords to the acre. He could 
begiu to cut the walnuts for posts at anytime, 
with large profit; but he considers it much 
more profitable to let them remain till they 
attain a much greater size. Green Ashes from 
seed planted in 1882. measure 30 to 36 inches 
one foot from the ground. Cottonwoods 
planted six feet apart have yielded at the rate 
of 57 % cords to the acre. There is a continued 
sale of poles to cover sod stables, etc. The 
trees, if cut close to the ground, will repro¬ 
SHALL FRAUD BE CONDONED? 
Dr. Hoskins says (p. 266): “W.’s wine had 
nothing unwholesome in it, not in any wine 
* * * when people drink wine, they want 
something that tastes good, and will properly 
exhilarate, and it flatters their imagination to 
believe it is the pure juice of the grape.” 
A strange conclusion, certainly; applied to 
other things, itmay read better. Oleomarga¬ 
rine has nothing in it unwholesome, and when 
people cat butter they want something that 
tastes “good” and that will properly grease 
their bread. Lardchoeseis uot unwholesome; 
it tastes good, and mixes well with other food, 
and it flatters their imagination to believe 
they are eating genuine butter and cheese. 
Glucose has nothing in it unwholesome; it 
tastes “good,” aud it. mixes well with other 
food, and it pleases the imagination to think 
we are eating cane sugar. 
The same reasoning would admit the whole 
list, and the only limit to adulteration and 
fraud would be the cupidity of the manufac¬ 
turers and the ignorance and credulity of the 
consumers. If his conclusions are legitimate, 
there is no further use for vineyards, or dai¬ 
ries, or for any other supply of human food, 
when science can manufacture a fraud at a 
cheaper price. It is said that a Frenchman 
has succeeded in manufacturing truffles from 
leather scraps, so perfect in imitation that the 
moat fastidious epicure cannot detect the 
fraud; they would, no doubt, taste "good,” 
and I suggest that the Doctor get the secret, 
and go to manufacturing truffles for Yankee 
stomachs. 
No, Doctor, this won’t do! 
Because the common people have no means 
of telling fraudulent from genuine food, is no 
reason why they should be robbed, even 
though the goods furnished are not unwhole¬ 
some; but it is the strongest reason why the 
Government should use its strong arm to sup¬ 
press the manufacture of all fraudulent goods 
and drinks. 
Though I am not even a moderate drinker 
of wine, I still believe that those who do drink 
wine, should have pure wine, and those who 
- eat butter, should have pure butter, and 
not soap grease. It is said that man 
partakes largely of the nature of the 
food he eats. If this is so, and we would 
not have a nation of frauds, we must 
not allow our people to live wholly on 
fraudulent foods. 
Doctor, that doctrine won’t do; try 
again 1 
“ VERITAS.” 
! -•- 
fc A GOOD WORD FOR TREE 
/|k PEDDLERS. 
fldi4 There is no greater proportion of 
t j.fjV. rogues among this class than among 
the farmers themselves, and if there 
HbEm were, the farmers are quite as sharp 
as other men, aud not in need of any 
special guardianship such as that re- 
quired for minors aud fools. I am not 
a tree agent, aud I am in no way iuter- 
ested in the business, but I regard it 
rs not only strictly legitimate and hon- 
orable, but as beneficent in its results. 
e' Fruit is, to-day, unquestionably twice 
as plentiful and twice as cheap as it 
would have been but for the label's of 
_ these men. Millions of trees have been 
•om planted that never would have been, 
were it not for their exertions. 
Tree peddlers, 1 think, average quite as well 
as other men, and while there are swindlers 
engaged in the business, let us not forget that 
many worthy and exemplary men make this 
their vocation. If the farmer is in doubt 
which class he is dealing with, he may require 
credentials from some reliable nursery; then 
there will be no excuse for treating with in¬ 
dignity, men his equal in every respect. 
The Rural New-Yorker is an authority 
with its readers, and its suggestions and opin¬ 
ions rightly have great weight; but in this 
CATALOGUES, ETC., RECEIVED. 
Report of Missouri State Horticultu¬ 
ral Society for 1883; L. A. Goodman, Sec¬ 
retary, Westport, Mo. This is a handsome 
volume of 854 pages, containing a report of 
the workings of the Society during last year, 
together with the papers and discussions at the 
annual meeting, held at Carthage, Mo , Dec. 
11, 12 and 13,1888; also the Secretary’s “ Bud¬ 
get” of 190 pages, filled with the best senti¬ 
ments on various subjects by the best writers, 
carefully culled by the Secretary. We are 
glad Missouri, with her thousands of acres of 
the best fruit lands in the world, is doing so 
much for horticulture; yet, when we realize 
how little she is doing in proportion to what 
she ought to do to show her people how much 
more profit there is in one acre devoted to 
fruit, if well cared for, than in half a dozen 
acres used for growing gruiu, we can but wish 
the law-makers of that great State would give 
a thought to this matter. With a proi>er sense 
of the importance of the Industry, they would 
l»e much more liberal in their treatment of the 
horticultural interests, and then Secretary 
Goodman would be able to employ a stenog¬ 
rapher, aud sc* give us much fuller reports of 
the discussions at the annual meetings. These 
are really of the greatest importance, and yet 
with the limited means at command, an ade¬ 
quate report of them can hardly be attempted. 
We commend this volume to the careful pe¬ 
rusal of all fruit growers, especially those of 
Missouri. 
quite true: a prolific bee colony. 
I HAVE just had the Rukals for 1882 and 
1883 bound into two huge volumes, and 1 uow 
see that I have never fully appreciated the ex¬ 
cellence of the paper. Every now and then I 
see inquiries in your columns as to the best 
books on farming, etc. To all such I would 
answer that the back numbers of the Rural 
contain more and better directions than any 
book I have ever seen. 
A couple of the men on my farm, 
while at work last Summer, saw a swarm 
of bees hanging to a bush. They se¬ 
cured them, put them in a rough hive, and 1 
thought little of it. This Spring—some time in 
March—a swarm issued from this hive, and 
since then three others have issued, on the 16th, 
18th, and 24th of April; in all, four swarms 
from one hive up to date. Is not this very re 
markable? I have 15 or 20 acres of vetch in 
full bloom, and several acres of green peas, 
so there is plenty of pasture, without count¬ 
ing the millions of blackberry and other wild 
flowers. s * H * 
Charleston, S. C. 
preventive ok cucumber and melon 
“bugs.” 
Here is my remedy for savmg my cucumber 
and melon vines from destruction by the “lit¬ 
tle striped beetle:” When I drop my cucumber 
or melon seed in the hill, I also drop in 30 or 
40 grains of buckwheat, aud cover all up to¬ 
gether. The buckwheat comes up very quickly, 
and partially shades and protects the tender 
young melon plants from the sun and wind, 
and also from the bugs. After the meluu 
plants have five or six leaves, or are about 
ready to commence running, the buckwheat 
can be easily pulled up. I have tried this 
method by planting alternate hills without 
the buckwheat, and these were invariably de¬ 
stroyed by the beetles, while those with the 
buckwheat were unmolested, growing rapidly 
aud making fine, healthy aud productive vines. 
a reader of the k. n.-y. 
-- 
DEATH to cut-worms. 
Several years since, I had a piece of land so 
infested with cut-worms, that I could not 
keep a stand of cabbage, as the plants were 
cut down as regularly at night, as they were 
set out in the day. The uext Fall I had the 
land plowed, made it white with lime, plowed 
that in lightly, and then sowed salt freely. 
The rains dissolved the salt and brought it iu 
contact with the lime in the soil, 1 again 
planted it in cabbage, and I did not lose five 
plants from cut-worms that season. 
Americus, Ga. “ gray beard. 
-- 
A FERTILE SOIL. 
In Rural of March 22, a correspondent 
says he does not believe any man can raise two 
bushels of oats from two ounces of seed. If 
he will come to this place in August next, we 
will convince him that it is possible to raise 
five or six times two bushels from two ounces. 
Steveusville, M, T. R - p * 
A Remedy for Grain-choked Horses — 
When horses are fetched in off the grass and 
given dry oate, they will often choke. As a 
rernedv, with a dipper or a cup pour a little 
water'in one ear : the animal will shake the 
oats out of his throat in half a minute. It 
works like a charm, I have tried it. 
St. Thomas, Ont,, Can. J - s * 
