,111111111111 
saiH' 
NEW YOKE, JUN 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
12.00 PER YEAR. 
(Entered according to Act of Congress. In the year 1884, by the Rural New-Yorker in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
at the center, so that one plant would answer 
for all four divisions of the pasture. If there 
were old or imperfect hedges separating me 
from my neighbors or the public road, I would 
put up a single strand of t he best barbed wire 
inside the fence. As for division fences, I 
would use two strands of the same kind, with 
good posts 14 feet apart. If I desired to in¬ 
close a piece, that I could use as a hog pasture 
when the steers were in the other divisions, 
the fence would consist of three six-inch 
boards, the first touching tlio ground, with 
spaces of eight inches between the other two, 
and two barbed wir«s at the top, with nine- 
inch spaces between them; it being understood 
that whore boards were used in connection 
with wire, the posts should stand eight feet 
apart, or, better, seven. 
Everything being ready for my stock, I 
would try to get about 50of the best thin,Short¬ 
horn full-bloods, or grades I could lay my 
hands on, paying a quarter or a half a cent 
above the market price, in order to secure 
light stocking for 160 acres; but long experi¬ 
ence has taught that the “ three acres to the 
steer limit” for the year round, is both the 
safest and best, and especially in dry seasons, 
when a large number would so much shorten 
the herbage as to compel feeding grain. 
Nothing harms pastures more than tramp¬ 
ing them early in the season, aud nothing takes 
the feeding value out of standing grass more, 
or lodges it worse, thau the meandering of 
cattle when the herbage is wet either with 
dew or rain, not only because of tbe lodging 
which inevitably follows, but because of the 
wasting which results from the movement of 
the feet and legs. Indeed, if it were feasible 
never to allow stock upon pastures except 
when they are dry, they and meadows of 
heavy grass may be depastured completely 
down without hardly any lodging or loss of 
the herbage, and hardly any lessening of the 
nutritive value of the grasses, or their fatten¬ 
ing qualities. 
As for the 40-acre field not to be turned in 
I am satisfied two acres of good grass would 
go as far as three acres under ordinary condi¬ 
tions, and that 600 pounds could bo put on iu 
the same time it now takes to put on 200. 
Though there are many minor points neces¬ 
sarily left unnoticed, the above is a brief ac¬ 
count of theoretically perfect management of 
pastures and grazing them, aud that farmer 
will be the most successful in the business who 
comes nearest to the course proscribed, if to 
the condition laid down for the fattening of 
steers on grass alone, as abovs, wore added an¬ 
other, that the steers should have access to 
JERSEY COW, OAKLAND’S CORA, 
OTWITUSTANMNO the preju- 
dice in the minds of some 
and the ridicule sought to be 
4^ , *??*% ■ fixed on the Jerseys as poek- 
ijfri jte j et cows, etc.. there can bo no 
' yj If. I Mj? doubt in the minds of fair- 
thinking people, that the 
Jersey is destined to exert a 
Vy, powerful influence for good 
ri* upon the butter producing 
interests of this country. We take pleasure iu 
presenting, at Fig. 199, a good illustrutiou of 
a fine butter cow, Oakland’s Cora. 18853. She 
is a daughter of Jersey Boy, 93 J. 11. li., and of 
Lively, 1401. F. 8. J. H. B. Jersey Boy is a 
grandson of Welcome, 166. The blood of Wel¬ 
come enters largely into all the best descend¬ 
ants of Coomassig, and many claim that it was 
from him that her best 
descendants derive their 
superiority. Mr. Shoe¬ 
maker’s remarkable 
cow, Princess 2d, with 
a record of 27 pounds 10 
ounces in seveu days, 
has 12# per cent, of his 
blood. Welcome has 
over .30 descendants 
with records of over 14 
pounds of butter in a 
week. 
Oakland’s Cora s tbe 
property of Mr. Valen- 
cey E. Fuller, of Ham¬ 
ilton, Ontario, Canada. 
She is a solid golden 
fawn, a beautiful co-v 
and one of the richest 
in this remarkable herd 
of Jerseys. Her official 
test for seven days iu 
mid-winter was 19 
pounds 9# ounces of 
butter (unsalted) from 
169 pounds of milk. In 
31 days in mid-winter 
she made 81 pounds 5# 
ounces of uusalted but¬ 
ter from 725 pounds 8 
ounces of milk. Mr. 
Fuller’s is one of the 
most valuable herds of 
Jerseys, and we shall 
take pleasure in show¬ 
ing other animals of 
his herd soon. 
P AN EXTRAORDIN¬ 
ARY MILK RECORD. 
May 28th, Echo (221 
II. H. 11.), which for the 
past year has been re¬ 
ferred to as the gow 
having the largest, milk 
record, completed her 
second your’s test, mak¬ 
ing a total for the year 
of 23,775# pounds, over 
5,500 pounds more than 
^ she gave last year, and 
a, 4,000 pounds in excess 
',-Jsl Of the largest record 
over made, Empress 
standin K second in the 
list witb l9 > n } >i Pounds 
v 10 hor credit. Echo is 
” ; ' condition and 
P c'' shows no evidence of 
the test she bus sustain- 
ed. She weighs 1,760 
' pounds. The fact ofher 
having raised her own 
v standard to so great a 
■ hight the year follow¬ 
ing a remarkable re¬ 
cord, proves her to be 
the queen of milch cows 
and without a rival. 
The performances of her progeny this season 
sustain her reputation and show the transmis¬ 
sion of her wonderful milking qualities to a 
great degree. I herewith send a monthly re¬ 
cord for both years, and a few statistics. 
Taking the entire time, from the commence¬ 
ment of her first record, March 19, 1882, to 
Muy 28, 1884, being 8.36 days (this includes the 
time she wus dry), it gives an average of over 
51 pounds per day for the entire time. Echo’s 
record, from March, 20, 1882, to March 20, 
1883, was as follows: March—12 days—592% 
pounds; April, 1,438#; May, 1,53.3#; June, 
1,983#; July, 2,196#; August, 1,554; Beptem- 
ber, 1,400 1-32; October, 1,455#; November, 
1,301#; December, 1,875#; January, 1,340#; 
February, 1,189#; March—19 days-752# 
pounds; total, 18,130 pounds 8 ounces. From 
May 28, 1883, to May 28, 18&4, it was: May—3 
days—198# pounds; June, 2,143#; July, 
2,140#; August, 2,890#; September, 2,153; 
October, 1,907#; November, 1,943#; Decem¬ 
ber, 1,939#; January, 1,981; February, 
1,803#; March, 1,931#; April, 1,700; May— 
JERSEY COW, OAKLAND’S CORA. 
them. These I would turn into one division 
of the pasture, not before the first of May, if 
1 could help it, and I would not put them iuto 
the second division before June, or into the 
third before July, or into the fourth before the 
first of October. Besides, I would try to have 
all the steers in one pasture, and let them stay 
there during the night, and not go into the 
heavy grass when the dew was on; and in 
rainy weather they should be kept off two of 
the pastures at least. But previously, I would 
have good, sound Timothy hay in a stock- 
yard in the night pasture and in open racks, 
prepared and tilled so that the steers would 
iiave free access to it, both early in the season 
w hen the grass was uew, and later on if the 
weather should be rainy and the grass watery 
and wet. One mustsee it to learn how eager¬ 
ly cattle will eat good, sound Timothy hay, 
and how much of it, under such circumstances, 
though the bite is a full oue in Spring, and in 
Summer, Blue Grass, clover and Timothy in 
the pastures are up to their knees. 
Fifty two or three-year-old steers seem a 
THE THEORETICALLY PERFECT MAN¬ 
AGEMENT OF PASTURES AND 
GRAZING THEM. 
Suppose I become the fortunate owner 
of 160 acres of old Blue-Grass, Timothy 
and clover pasture in oue of the fifty or 
sixty black soil prairie counties in Illinois, 
how shall I manage them and the steers 1 pro¬ 
pose to graze upon them, with the end in view 
of keeping the grass good for the next genera¬ 
tion, aud at the same time, making the most 
money out of the investment i Theoretically, 
my course would be as follows, experience 
having taught it; but practically, I should be 
unable to strictly follow it, though I should 
unquestionably find in the end my measure 
of profits would be inversely in proportion to 
the deviation. 
First, having 160 acres, I would divide it 
into four equal fields of 40 acres each, con- 
terming, however, to some extent, to the 
water supply, if that came from a creek, if 
not, my wells and wind-mills would be located 
upon till October, that is reserved as a re¬ 
source for the cold season and as a wiuter pas¬ 
ture. To be sure, the first, growth of Blue 
Grass, 3 imothy aud clover dries up in course 
of the Summer; but a second growth of Timo¬ 
thy and Blue Grass springs up beneath the 
whole, covering the surface with so thick a 
mass of forage, green aud dry, that stock, 
when there Is not deepsuowon the ground, do 
as well as during the Spring or Fall months. 
Moreover, where a pasture is so reserved, the 
new grass starts earlier by a month at least, 
and cattle turned out upon it early iu the sea¬ 
son, do not scour where there is a considerable 
proportion of old grass iuterspersed with the 
new. 
If the pastures are benefited by a course of 
treatment which regulates the time and the 
condition under which stock are allowed to 
graze upon and range over them, the stock 
itself is no less helped. If one could secure to 
steers all the water they need and when they 
need it, and they could never have access to 
grass when it was wet either with dew or rain, 
