THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER. 
just after coming out of quarantine, and gave, 
in 11^ months, 8.964 pounds 2 ounces. This 
was immediately followed by a throe year- 
old record of CO pounds iu a day. 1,733 pounds 
10 ounces in one month, and 15,622 pounds 2 
ounces in one year, making a grand total in 
three years, as a two. three and four-year-old, 
of 42.557 pounds 2 ounces. 
Of the cows now milking we will mention 
the following, with the records to Juuel, and 
state the time each has been milked. None of 
these are being pushed for large yields, and 
all have the same treatment and attention: 
Netherlnnd Dowager, nine-year old record, 
12,734 pounds 2 ounces, in one year. Dream 
of Holland, eight years old, in seven months, 
8,015 pounds 2 ounces. Crown Jewel, six 
years, 14,714 pounds 1 ounce, in one year. 
Nctherlaud Baroness, six years, in 10 months, 
11,249 pounds 7 ounces. Aaggie Rosa, six 
years, 16,156 pouuds 10 ounces, in one year. 
Nctherlaud Duchess, five years. 16,520 pounds 
7 ounce?, iu one year. Aaggie Cornelia 2d, 
five years old. in three months 10 days, 4,278 
pounds 13 ounces. Aaggie Beauty, four years, 
13,573 ponnds 15 ounces, iu one year. Nether- 
laud Princess, four years, 12,789 pounds 18 
ounces, in one year. Cloth dde, four years, 
17,970 pounds 14 ounces, in one year. Car- 
lotla, four years. In 10 months 19 days, 10,509 
pounds 14 ounces. Cameo, four .years, in K) 
months, 10,837 pounds 18 ounces. Netherland 
Consort, four years, in four months, 5,368 
pounds 4 ounces. Addle, four years, in six 
mouths, 17 days, 8,608 pounds. Lida, two 
years past, iu si.v months eight days, 7,451 
pounds 2 ounces. Aaggie Leila, two years 
past, in three months 20 days, 8,745 pounds 6 
ounces. Netherlaud Belle, three years, 18,649 
pounds 6 ounces, in one year. Netherlnnd 
Consort, two years, 10,248 pounds 7 ouuces, 
in one year. Netherland Countess, two years, 
9,481 pounds 12 ounces, in one year. Nether¬ 
land Baroness 2d, two years, 10,825 pounds 
9 ounces, iu one year. Aegis 0th, two years, 
in five months nineteen days, 5,871 pouuds 15 
ounces. Aaggie May, two years, in 11 months , 
11 days, 9,279 pounds 6ounces. Aaggie Beauty 
2d, two years, in 11 months 14 duys, 9,684 
pounds 2 ounces. 
These records, under the circumstances, we 
consider very promising, and earnestly hope 
that readers of the Rural will carefully study 
them. SMITHS & POWELL. 
A PROTEST. 
I am sorry to see that Henry Stewart (for 
whom I have great respect) misconstrues my 
meaning, for the sake of argument. I made 
no reference to bad butter in my remarks 
(page 300), but distinctly said, if he can make a 
good, sweet article, etc. Now with regard to 
the Boston butter market, 1 simply stated a 
fact. According to his statement .page 335) 
the sale of hutter depends more on a man’s 
superior business ability and his knowledge of 
how to put it on the market at an advauced 
price over common stuff, than ou the merits 
of the article itself. If butter sold on its 
merits, us he says it does, every consignment 
that reached the 75-cent standard must sell 
for that price, and those that fell below, would 
sell for what they were worth, the same as 
other articles of commerce. 
Does not Dr. Hoskius use rather harsh lan¬ 
guage when he Characterizes persons as fools 
and beurs? Now bo insinuates that my barn 
and buttery are du ty, simply because I ques¬ 
tion the profit of expending a large amount 
of money for improved butter-makmg imple¬ 
ments, when as good an article can be made 
at less expense. 
Truly, “great minds run in the same chan¬ 
nel,” when both he and Mr. Stewart rniseou 
strue my language. 
Hillsboro Co., N. H. e. a. h. 
ijortinuturat. 
MODIFICATION OF STRAWBERRIES, 
BY THEIR SURROUNDINGS. 
One of New Jersey’s chief industries is the 
cultivation of strawberries. Situated as she 
is, near the cities of New Yjrkand Philadel¬ 
phia, there is always a demand for a first- 
class berry, one in which size Is all-important. 
This necessitates close observation and the 
use of all knowu means to obtain berries of 
the kind required. The experiences of 
many, especially during the present season, 
have demonstrated that the juxtaposition of 
certain varieties exerts a great, influence upon 
the fruit, and in many instances success or 
failure seems to be traceable to this source. 
The Manchester, one of the pistillate varieties, 
would seem to be especially susceptible to the 
modifying influence of the perfect-flowering 
varieties planted near it. Prominent among 
these maybe named the Sharpless. The fruit 
resulting from the union of these two sorts is 
of larger size than that resulting from a cross of 
any other perfect flowering variety, so far as 
known; it is sufficiently firm for a reasonably 
near market; iu shape it closely resembles 
the Sharpless, being, iu ninny cases, picked 
into the same basket,, passing for the Sharp¬ 
less, and selling for the same price per quart; 
but the yield is double tlu> number of quarts 
per acre, and the money value is three times 
as great. 
Figure 218 represents the fruit resulting 
Manchester and Sharpless Strawberry. 
Fig. 218. 
from across of the Manchester and Sharpless, 
as grown in my experimental beds. The 
plants were set out in September. 1883, iu rows 
in which Manchester and Sharplesa were set 
alternately, and all were allowed to run ac 
will. The soil being quite heavy, the large 
size of the Sharpless would not allow of the 
intermingling of the fruit until the third 
picking; but after that nil the berries were 
placed in the same basket and brought the 
same price as the Sharpless, as did nil the Man- 
cheaters from the bed. in lighter soils, where 
the size of the Sharpless is less, even in field 
culture, all are picked into the same basket 
from the first. Even in those sections where 
the markets are abundantly supplied with 
berries, those of this cross bring 12 cents a 
quart, instead of eight, t he price at which the 
best of any of the other perfect-flowering 
varieties ore sold. One cultivator informed 
me that, from close accounts kept, by him, the 
cross of the Sharpless and Manchester yielded 
him two quarts of berries, worth 24 cents, 
from the same area of land on which any 
other variety crossed on the Manchester would 
yield only one quart, worth eight cents. 
Figure 219 is the fruit resulting from a cross 
Manchester and Minor Strawberry. 
Fig. 219. 
It posesses the same characteristics as the 
James Vick, and is not very prolific. The 
James \ ick with me has many sterile blos¬ 
soms, which is also the case when the Man¬ 
chester is planted ucar it. There appears to 
bo a lack of pollen to fertilize it properly. 
This characteristic of the James Vick is seen 
only where it is planted alone or near a pis 
tillato variety, iu rows near the Atlantic or 
Prince of Berries, it is really a good berry, of 
good size, prolific and firm. 
Among the other berries on trial thisseason 
is Nigh’s Superb, which has been tested for the 
first time. As to the influence of other va¬ 
rieties upon its fruit, planted near the James 
Vick, the vino is not prolific, and the fruit is 
small. In company with Piper’s, the fruit is 
larger in size and much more abundant In 
a row between the Atlantic and Cumberland, 
the result is about the same as with the James 
Vick; set between the Atlantic and President 
Liucolu, the fruit is very large, the yield 
three times os great as that from any other 
cross, and the berries are worth double the 
price per quart. The. Sharpless and Nigh’s 
Superb are no better than the Jntnos Vick. 
The question is often asked, how nenr should 
a perfect-flowering variety be planted to a 
pistillate to etleet the greatest good i In prao 
tice every fourth plant in the row, iu spring 
settings, should he a perfect flowering one, al- 
P 
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r\ < xy 
Manchester and Jas. Vick Strawberry. 
Fig. 230. 
lowing both t.o grow together. Setting at this 
distance has been found to produce the best 
results. At the distance of five feet, or over, 
any great modifying influence seems to be 
lost. The perfect flowering plant will exert 
sufficient influence to fertilize the blossom at 
a much greater distance, but the greater the 
distance the less the modifying influence. 
The experiments So far made, have in every 
instance that i know of, been upon land on 
which chemical fertilizers are extensively 
employed. 
In closing, a word of caution may not be 
out of place;—Investigate and experiment on 
small plots ar. first: because the cross of the 
Manchester and Sharpless has proved success¬ 
ful iu many localities, that fact is no proof 
that the juxtaposition of pistillate and per¬ 
fect flowering plants will huvo a similar in 
fluenceinall sections, and on all varieties. 
Make haste slowly and surely, if at all. 
J. B. ROGERS. 
A VISIT TO A STRAWBERRY EXPERT. 
PRES. T. T. LYON, 
of the Manchester and Miner’s Prolific. This 
berry, although above the average in size, 
exceedingly firm iu texture, and iu all respects 
much superior to the cross of the Manchester 
and Wilson, has the same prominent fault 
viz . imperfect fertilization of the tip of the 
berry, shown in the engraving by the small¬ 
ness of one side Nearly three-quarters of the 
berries arc ill-shaped, making a very poor 
appearance in the basket. 1 am inclined to 
believe this defect comes from the Miner, as 
experiments made by setting the plants in soils 
of varying richness do not prevent or rem¬ 
edy the evil. 
This is a defect very prevalent among all 
berries in high culture, and especially so 
where pistillate and perfect-flowering sorts are 
planted together. Borne varieties possess it as 
an inherent characteristic; but 1 do not think 
the Manchester can bo classed among these. 
There is another class in which thus is devel¬ 
oped iu very rich land, imparting too much 
vigor to the fruit in the race for size. Iu this 
class the Manchester and Sharpless may both 
be included. To impart this defect to a cross 
of the Manchester and he Sharpless requires 
too great an expenditure for manures ever to 
become a very great evil The Jersey Queen 
often exhibits this characteristic in moderately 
rich soils, iu which case removal to a poorer 
grouud is a preventive. Still another class 
consists of those in whieh the pollen of the 
perfect flowering variety would seem to be 
the governing force. Here no changes in the 
conditions of the soil would seem to modify 
the fruit in this respect. In this class I find 
the Manchester with very many of the per¬ 
fect flowering varieties. 
The Manchester, fertilized by the James 
Vick (Fig. 220), would seem to represent 
still another modification of fruit. The berry, 
though perfect in form, is of small size, but 
firm, of good color and an excellent shipper. 
WIIAT X SAW AND I,EARNED. 
Mr. Hathaway, of Michigan, the origin¬ 
ator of the Bidwell. Michigan, Pomona, and 
other varieties of the strawberry, has now 
been engaged for more thou 30 years in the 
origination or new varieties of this fruit. He 
started out with the idea that tile most promis¬ 
ing material for such purpose must necessarily 
be found in our indigenous varieties, in ex 
pc rim outing with which one of his earliest 
productions was a pistillate, which ho dcsig- 
nated as Pistillate Scarlet. As 1 understand, 
he has used this persistently, by crossing upon 
It other desirable sorts, the Bidwell being the 
result of a cross of this character, 
A more recent batch of seedlings are the 
result of across of the Bidwell upon the Pis¬ 
tillate Scarlet and Crescent. In looking over 
these seedlings In fruit, 1 wus strongly im¬ 
pressed with the conviction that the same law, 
the application of which has evolved among 
an mala ihe Short-horn, the Devon, the Jer 
Shy and other breeds, applies also, with full 
force, in the caso of plants, a.v clearly indi¬ 
cated iu the results of these reproductions. 
The form, color, high flavor, size and vigor 
of the Bidwell, and even its glaucous foliage 
(originally derived from the Pistillate Scarlet), 
ure reproduced with but slight variations iu 
these seedlings, while those from the crosses 
upon the Crescent show this cross more or less 
distinctly in both foliage and fruit. 
A plant, here and there, of some half dozen 
of these seedlings, had been reserved at pick¬ 
ing time, in anticipation of my visit. The 
size, color and quality of the fruit were sur¬ 
prising, and the productiveness and vigor of 
the plants were simply wonderful. Although 
l did not see the berries picked and measured, 
I am confident that a full quart could have 
been picked from anv one of a dozen plants, 
while a largo number of berries in all stages 
of growth, would have remained. Besides 
these especially noted, there were hundreds of 
others; and I especially observed the fact that 
a strong family resemblance, as well as an 
unusually high average of quality, seems to 
run through the entire batch of seedlings, 
which is undoubtedly attributable to the 
close system of breeding from a single pa¬ 
rent through an extended series of repro¬ 
ductions Doubtless much may be due to the 
excellent management of the plantation; but 
after making largo allowance for this, I feel 
warranted iu saying that, there remains a far 
greater amouut of vigor than I have ever 
seen in so considerable it number of varieties 
elsewhere, much greater than that of several 
of our popular sorts growing in the same rows, 
and with the same treatment. 
I noted especially the following, which have 
not been previously described: No. 11, a cross 
of bidwell on Pistillate Scarlet; of the same 
form as Bidwell; large, productive, quite late. 
No. 27, Bidwell on Pistillate Scarlet., late; one 
of the most productive; large. No. 28, Bid- 
well on Pistillate Scarlet; truncate conical; 
later than Bidwell; large, very productive. 
No. 45, Bidwell ou Crescent; round, large 
enormously productive, with dark, rich foli¬ 
age. 
Of those above noted, all. except perhaps 
one, are pistillate, affording a mark d con¬ 
tinuation of the doubt I expressed last year, 
through the columns of the Rural New- 
Yorker, respecting the tendency of tho prac¬ 
tice of breeding fronipistillat.es. to perpetuate 
such defects in the offspring; to say nothing 
of a very possible danger that, by continued 
reproduction, t.no ability of apparently per¬ 
fect-flowering seedlings may become so far 
compromised as to endanger their sufficiency 
for the office of fertilization—a result which, 
by analogy, we may assume to be altogether 
possible, even with plants that may produce 
anthers freely, and whose pollen may not, 
even under the microscope, betray tho tact of 
its insufficiency, 
I saw hero, also, Hathaway’s, Nos. 3, 5, and 
9, which were noticed as promising 
in the Rural last year. No 5, especially, 
seems to fully sustain its previous character. 
Tills has been, for some time, iu the hands of 
several persons for trial, whose reports of its 
performances will doubtless bo given to tho 
public in due time. 
South Haveu, Mich. 
NEW SMALL FRUITS. 
I have just returned from my trip through 
New Jersey, I uever saw so much to interest 
in so short, a time in my life, in the berry line. 
The show of Em ly Harvest Blackberries at Mr. 
Parry’s place, is perfectly wonderful, it not 
only excelled anything I hud ever seen, but 
anything Die most vivid imagination could 
conceive. T saw the Marlboro Raspberry in 
all Its glory—or, at least, all the glory it will 
ever attain in New Jersey. It was on Die best 
of soil and given tho best possible treatment; 
but the canes were faltering- would not bring 
out their tiist, crop. 1 hesitate to say it, lest it 
should be attributed to bins of mind, or cred¬ 
ited to seltinhncss or jealousy; but rny firm 
conviction is, from what 1 have seen of tho 
Marlboro, it will not do for New Jersey and 
locations south ward. I can see nothing in its 
canes but Idicus blood. It is a splendid and 
lieautiful fruit, and I believe of tho greatest 
value where the Antwerp and other foreign 
varieties succeed; but, mark my word, it is 
not going to succeed where the other varieties 
of Idle us fail, and only those of the Strigosus 
Or American Red species succeed. I appre¬ 
hend a great many will throw away their 
money for plants of Marlboro, who live in 
sections whore varieties of foreign blood fail— 
Micii as Franconia, Clarke, Bello de Foutenay, 
Knovet’s Giant, etc., just as was tho case with 
tho old Hudson River Antwerp. To my as¬ 
tonishment, the best tiling I saw at Mr, Parry’s 
place was the Crimson Beauty. The only fault 
one could find with it is, that it seems unpro¬ 
ductive—a very serious defect, to bo sure. 
I was greatly disappointed in the Early 
Cluster Blackberry. I saw it at its home under 
the best treatment; but it was not so large, or 
so handsome, or so productive, or so curly by 
two weeks as Early Harvest, and it was at 
least tt week later than Wilson Junior. This 
—the Wilson Junior—on light soli, was making 
a very tino show indeed. It is exceedingly 
large and commencing to ripen, corning in 
immediately after tho Ilurvost has ripened its 
crop. 
The Messrs. Hun Soil have the most remark¬ 
able Collection of now raspberries I have ever 
seen of any fruit, and the best of it is, they 
have all originated under ordinary treatment, 
not highly stimulated, as Mr. Durand’s straw¬ 
berries have been. What would you think of 
a raspberry maturing its crop with tho Sharp- 
Joss Straw berry )—cu m men cat l to ripen with 
the Sharpies?, and had all ripened and gone 
when the latter had finished ripening. Tho 
Messrs, H. have such a berry, and another, 
