Vol. XLIII. No. 1800. 
NEW YORK, JULY 26, 1884. 
PRICE FIVE CENTS. 
IJ.00 PER YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress. In the year 1884, by the Rural New-Yorker In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
1878. The ears four to six inches long, about 
1 % inch in diameter, cylindrical, or often 
tapering through spaces occurring between 
the rows of kernels nt the butt, or through in¬ 
creased number of rows there; very uniform¬ 
ly eight-rowed; ear-stalks not large. Kernels 
close set in the rows, rounded, crinkled, aud 
of whitish amber color. The cob often stained 
with red in the center. The plant three to 
four feet high, prolific, bearing its ears low 
down. Season early. Average weight of 100 
kernels, 800 grains; extremes of three sum 
pies. 291 and 444 grains. (Described ears, from 
threo different seedsmen in four collections, 
and Station crop.) 
any other variety iu these grounds. The Marl¬ 
boro began to ripen June 24, one here aud 
there. Superb was beginning to color. 
June 25, quite a number had been picked 
from Hausell; very few from Marlboro, none 
from Superb. 
Juuo 28, Marlboro anil Superb were ripen¬ 
ing quite freely. 
JulyO. Mem.; “We do not seem to get a 
large quantity of berries from the Superb. 
The Marlboro is now giviug us many berries, 
which are firm, and of the largest size.” 
July 8. Mem.; “Largest aud most berries 
from Marlboro. Hansell has not been very 
prolific, and the growth of the canes is less 
earliness. But our first plants died aud the 
second lot has not yet fruited. 
LOST RUBIES, NAOMI, ETC. 
Mr. A. M. Purdy sent ns plants of Naomi, 
requesting that we would plant them beside 
Lost Rubies in order to ascertain whether or 
not they are the same vuriety, Mr, Purdy’s 
Naomi is not the same as our Naomi, as re¬ 
ceived from Mr. A. 8. Fuller, but his plants, 
whether Naomi or not, seem to be the same 
as Lost Rubies as receieved from Mr. C. A. 
(Jreou. 
Shaffer’s Colossal began to ripen July 
5th. The berries continued to grow to the 
largest size, and the quality, if one relishes 
acidity, is of the best. There are sour, sweet, 
and insipid raspberries, having in varying 
degrees the distinctive raspberry flavor. The 
quality of the Shaffer is intensely of the rasp¬ 
berry flavor, aud the acidity is tempered with 
sugar ouough to make it sprightly rather 
than sour. 
jt\ The Sou u kg an ripened with us scarcely 
pearlier than Doolittle. It is crowded with 
</ small berries of poor quality. 
» THE SQUASH BCG. 
y By Squash Bug wo mean the large dark 
gray, angular bug, that muy be found always 
on the "other” side of squash or pumpkin vines 
sucking the sap of the leaves and stems. The 
pyrethrum powder was blown upon a number 
of these offensive bugs, and they were then, 
as with the Rose BugB, collected iu a tin pail. 
In four hours they were ull upon their backs, 
though they moved their legs feebly for two 
days before they died. 
MOLE TRAPS. 
Both the Isbell and Halos mole traps are 
almost perfect in every wtiy. We are again 
using both this season, and if wo prefer the 
Isbell it is simply because it is rather more 
easily set. The stick answers every purpose 
of the iron plate, and needs only to bo placed 
iu the run—not pressed down into the earth. 
The mole pressing against the stick iu passing 
through the rim sots off the trap. 
CARNATIONS AND PICOTKKS. 
It is generally thought that those plants— 
the finest of the Piuk Family—are not hardy. 
In the Spring of 1888, a dozen varieties were 
planted in a low, damp bed, where they 
bloomed during tho Summer, They passed 
the Winter without protectiou, and aro again 
blooming as freely as then. 
SWEET CORN (Zea saccharata) 
ITS HISTORY AND VARIETAL DIFFERENCES 
ILLUSTRATED.— No. III. 
E. LEWIS 8TURTEVANT, M. D, 
VARIETIES. 
This is an agricultural species of maize 
characterized by the tenderness of its cobs 
and kernels, the latter showing in section no 
visible starch, and of a cartilaginous trnnslu- 
cency when ripe aud dry, crinkled, or crinkled 
and crimped, crimped, wrinkled, or wrinkled 
and shriveled; in general, readily detached 
from the cob. In the green state, or edible 
condition, it is white; when ripe of various 
colors, usually a pale, translucent amber, or 
dirty ochre; in varieties the yellow predomi¬ 
nates. It is of flesh color to reddish, and even 
brownish red or blood red; or slate colored to 
nearly or quite black. Plant various; ear va¬ 
rious ; maturity various as in other agricultu¬ 
ral species of corn. 
SECTION A* 
I 
Ears eight-rowed, cylindrical, or nearly so, 
ear stalks not large, kernels in contact^ 
crinkled or crimped, more or less rouuded at 
sides and summit, color vurious. Plant small 
to medium. Season early to lato medium. 
WHITE COB AND WHITISH AMBER-COLOlt ED 
KERNEL. 
3. Pratt’s Early. —An early sort growing 
to fair market size. Gregory’s Catalogue, 
1881. Grown at Station in 1888, but through 
oversight records not kept, Iu general ap¬ 
pearance it resembles the Minnesota Early, 
4. Minnesota Earls, Fig. 2241, syn. Early 
Minnesota. Introduced about 1874, and ex¬ 
hibited as new in 1878. Ears five to six inches 
long, about 1% inch in diameter, cylindrical 
or sometimes tapering at the upper portion, 
eight-rowed, ear-stalk small; kernels large, 
broader than deep, rounded, compactly set, 
crinkled and scarcely crimped, of the usual 
whitish-amber color. Plant dwarfish, pro¬ 
lific, bearing its ears low down. Average 
weight of kernels, 895 grains; extremes of 
10 samples, 280 and 421 grains. (Described 
ears, from seven different seedsmen in 10 col¬ 
lections, and Station crop'. 
4. a. Ford’s Early, Fig. 225. Introduced 
prior to 1881. Ears about six inches long, cy¬ 
lindrical or but slightly tapering, about \% 
inch in diameter, eight rowed, the ear-stalk 
small; kernels compact in the row, roundish, 
crimped, of the usual whitish-amber Color. 
Very near to early Minnesota, if not identical. 
Average weight of 1U0 kernels, 411 grains; 
the extremes in three samples, 362 and 437 
grains. (Described ears, from Gregory, 1888.) 
5. Tom Thumb, Fig. 220. Introduced prior 
to or about 1805. Ears about five to six inches 
long and 1J^ inch in diameter, cylindrical 
straight, solid; usually eight-rowed, but fre¬ 
quently 10-rowed; ear stalks not large; ker¬ 
nels well over the ear butt, but not filliug 
well at tip; kernels very large, broader than 
deep, rouuded. crinkled and crimped, of a 
whitish-amber color. Plant three to four feet 
tall, ot scant foliage, prolific, ears borne low 
down on the plant. Average weight of 100 
kernels, 376 grains; extremes in fivesumples, 
334 and 437 grains. (Described ears, from three 
different seedsmen, in five collections, and 
Station crop.) 
6. Dolly Dutton, Fig. 227. introduced in 
Early Minnesota, 
Tom Thumb. Fig. 220, 
vigorous than that of either Superb or Marl¬ 
boro. Tho berries have not been quite so 
large as last year. Superb berries aro often 
imperfect, the drupes pulling apart easily. 
They do not hold to the stem well. The later 
berries are ul] imperfect, the drupes of un¬ 
equal size, while beside the plants, the Marl¬ 
boro is ripening perfect berries of largo size 
iu considerable quantity. Tho color of the 
Superb is durk, the quality acid without the 
rich raspberry flavor which some acid berries 
possess.” 
The Hansel! is valuable for its earliness and 
for the firmness and bright color of its fruit. 
Experiment (Seoundfl of tho $unri 
lUw-Uovker. 
THE EARLIEST RASPBERRY? 
Among tho new varieties of raspberries, 
Hansell, Superb and Marlboro, which is the 
WHY DON’T FARMERS GROW 
MANGELS? 
I. H. Hoskins, M. D., ou page 414 of the 
Rural, says my reason for this neglect—the 
imaginary cost—is not tho real ruason, but 
that tho true reason is that tho help don’t 
like the work, and avoid those farms where 
large quantities of roots are grown. He was 
never farther from tho truth iu his life, as 
every fanner knows who has ever grown 
root crops. In every place where I ha ze any 
knowledge, those farmers who grow mangels 
and feed them, are the best farmers of the 
community, aud hired men always like to 
work for the best farmers. I am quite sure a 
man seeking a place never asked himself or 
any other person what crops the man grew 
for whom he wanted to work; more likely he 
wanted to know if be was the best farmer 
about, no matter what his speciulty might be 
in crops. In myexperince—and it has not by 
any means been limited—I have yet to find 
the man who objected to hoe, weed or culti¬ 
vate mangels. The trouble is, we as a people, 
don’t know how to grow them cheaply and 
easily. There is not a drill made in America, 
that will sow them as they should be sown, 
and sow two rows at a time; I had to import 
one from Canada to get what I wanted. Nor 
have we just what is wanted as a cultivator 
to work them. When we have the right sort 
Ford’s Early. Fig. 225. 
earliest? We have endeavored to provide the 
same conditions for two plants of each, and 
have watched them closely from the beginning 
of the season until now, when our report need 
not longer be delayed. 
The first ripe berries were picked from the 
Hansell on June 21. There were half-a-dozen 
upon each plant. There were then no ripe berries 
upon either Superb or Marlboro—none upon 
Dolly Dutton. Fig. 227. 
Possibly a lack of vigor may interfere with its 
success iu many places. 
The Marlboro is valuable for fruitfulness, 
for the large size, aud firmness of the berries, 
and for vigor of plant. 
The Superb has nothing to commend it that 
we have thus far been able to discover. 
It was intended that Crimson Beauty should 
be tested beside Marlboro and Hansell for 
* The ears described are dry ears, the arrange¬ 
ment In order of earllness as determined at 
the Nc-w York Station, season of 18s8. The weight 
given is of kernels from whole rows from butt to tip, 
from single ears. The figures against the variety 
name give the order of silking in 1883. 
tThe cuts showing section of ear are of actual size. 
Those showing perfect ears are of half size. 
