im MEAL MEW-YORKER, 
560 
many; somestood up straight, others sprawled 
aliout; some endured the dry weather better 
than others; the leaves of some were light, 
colored, those of some very dark: on gome, 
the leaflets were very broad, on others they 
were narrow. The heads of flowers varied in 
size, and the color ran from white to bright 
crimson. If they vary so much, why will it 
not l>e easy to select and raise a variety which 
is better than the average?” 
Blok John: “That may all be; but I don’t 
see that it amounts to much. I haven’t any 
faith in it.” 
Brr.r, Thrift: “Prof, Beal picked ripe 
heads from separate plants, and found that 
those from some plants contained about twice 
as many seeds /is those from other plants, and 
clover seed is * valuable crop.” 
fa* 
T 
A Cheap Poultry House. Fig. 345. 
Sloe John: “Oh, it just happened that 
way. The hoods would about average.” 
Bill Thrift: “I am not so certain that 
this difference was accidental. Then, why do 
we pick out the best ears of corn for seed? 
Why do we prefer the calf from the best cow? 
Why should we not pick out seeds from the 
best plants of clover for seed 
Sloe John: “That would be smart. How 
much do you think a bushel of such clover 
Beed would cost? It wouldn’t pay. You are 
losing your senses. It isn’t practical." 
Bill Thrift : “ I should only attempt to 
pick a few head* to get my stock. Prof. 
Beal saved seeds fro n a very nice plant which 
suited him the best of any found. He also 
selected seeds from quite a number of other 
plants differing from each other, and be found 
some of the seodlmgs in each case much like 
the parents. He tells me that tho seedlings 
from his best plant average much bettor than 
any of tho others, and this is only their sec¬ 
ond year. Now, if this thing is followed up, 
weeding out all undesirable specimens, after 
a few generations of plants he will get a sort 
so established that it will come as true to 
seed as tho Whito Spine Cucumber or the 
Trophy Tomato. In this way we may get va¬ 
rieties of clover adapted to different uses, soils 
and climates." 
Blok John : “ If you did succeed it would 
all run out in a little while, and wo should be 
no batter off than we are uow.” 
Bill Thrift : “ I am going to try it and 
see. This very day 1 have been looking over 
the plants in tho meadow as they are making 
a second growth. 1 am astonished to see 
how much they vary. 1 am going to pick out 
the nicest plant, all things considered, and 
save the seeds for an experiment.” 
Blok JonN : “ It won’t amount to anything. 
You will fuss around for a while and soou 
got sick of it and lot tho whole thing go. It 
is too much bother. You had better not at¬ 
tempt it, ” 
Bill Thrift : “ I am fully resolved to 
save the seeds and plant them in a spot in my 
garden where I can study the youug plants 
every duy. I will sow them next Spring in 
rows, so the weeding will be easy. From time 
to time, as soon as large enough, 1 shall weed 
out the plants which do not suit me, saving 
only seeds of those nearest liku tho parent, or 
1 Hitter than the parent. The seeds of these I 
intend to plant, and select the best as before. 
Why should I not get a uew and valuable va¬ 
riety of Red Clover which will yield more 
and tiring me some money ? At any rate, i 
►hall enjoy the attempt, and shall learn 
enough to pay for all trouble and expense. 
I think every farmer can well afford to try 
thoroughly at. least one experiment. In a 
few years look out for a uew and im¬ 
proved variety of Red Clover. It shall t»e 
perennial, early, smooth, with many rather 
stout stalks, so as not to fall down badly. 
The leaves will be dark green, the flowers 
crimson, and the petals short enough so honey¬ 
bees rau reach I he honey. It, will bear four 
to eight busbuls of seed to the acre iu good 
seasons” 
Michigan Ag. College. 
THE LANDED ARISTOCRACY OF 
AMERICA. 
PROF. WM. BROWN. 
There are some features in the rural econ¬ 
omy of the United States that easily go un¬ 
noticed in the fever of the times. Men are 
thinking more of gold than of generations. 
Tho Bancroft of the next century will record 
several striking changes in the disposition of 
landed estate, It is an inevitable sequence of 
growth, prosperity aud )il>erality that men 
“make for land.” It is no evidence of undue 
domination or of bad balancing, nor has it any 
correspondencewlth British acquisition—theirs 
was the stroug hand long ago, and the heir¬ 
ship since; the American is. and will be, pure¬ 
ly that of enterprise and capital. 
There is nothing so comfortable and God-like 
as lhe possession of land when thus acquired. 
Equ/il distribution is more than absurdity—it 
is semi-barbaric, and ties with 2,IKK) years ago 
in Roman agrarian law, when no one was 
allowed to hold rnoro than 300 acres. 
There is already a prominent classing of 
landed property in the United States. Age 
and wealth are doing so; and what tine fellows 
the possessors are! Tin* world does not show a 
more enlightened uud liberal aristocracy. 
They feel all the obligations aud act the mag¬ 
nanimity of a king. They are thoroughly 
practical—able to Instruct in the loading of a 
wagon, and yet employ a $2,000 manager. 
Hospitality and care of little things character¬ 
ize them at home and abroad. If they “want 
to know how,” they know how to give. Polite¬ 
ness made the road to their many acres. I 
never knew an American nobleman who 
would ask oue price and take another, or offer 
one and afterwards offer another for the same 
thing. They are, day by day, deep thinkers, 
quick to discern, rapid In action, and never 
show either of them. They buy atone end of 
the market and sell at, the other, while a Scotch¬ 
man is askiug tho price. Ho laughs, but never 
grows fat; the oil of his humanity is to be 
found innkiug corn and livestock. His saddle 
and hounds ami hunting never leave the walls 
of the dining-room. 
The future of the landed aristocracy of 
America is as safe as the Bank of England. 
Ontario Ag. Coll, and Experimental Farm. 
THE TURNING-ROW. 
GEN. CASSIUS M. CLAY. 
The losses from want of thought and system 
are nowhere more Berious than iu agriculture. 
The stable yard is generally a wood patch, pro 
duciugseed enough to infest the whole farm. 
My two stable-yards produce more good 
grass than any two lots of the same size on the 
farm. In this region, at least, if weeds are 
kept out, grass will flourish in every site, and 
grass is always, if not the best, at least, a good 
and paying crop on all lands. Now, think of 
the enormous loss of land and waste of labor* 
and nuisance of weeds, that come from a mis¬ 
managed turning row. Every Add or garden 
which is plowed with a horse must have a 
turning row—that is, a piece of land ruuuiug 
the whole length of the field, and about 10 feet 
or more iu width. Now, this turning row is 
often made more frequent than is necessary, 
by dividing the plowing into needlessly small 
plots. Thou the turning-row is plowed, or 
left in weeds to seed the whole land. The 
turning-rows in the United States are, no 
doubt, in ill ions of acres in the aggregate extent, 
and those are not only useless for production; 
but a nuisance and a hindrance. Now, the 
remedy is so simple that one is astonished that 
it has not been universally adopted: Layoff 
the turning rows, and sow them in Fome suit¬ 
able grass, which may lie cut with a scythe for 
soiliug stock, or for hay, or left l'or grazing 
when stock may tie turned into the fields The 
turning on this grass land produces no bad re¬ 
sult, and the loss of labor in culture is saved. 
In grass lauds to bo plowed, the strip of 
land left for turning-rows is only to be left un¬ 
broken at the start. Iu yards, gardens, and 
pleasure grounds such turning-rows, when 
plowed, are not only useless, but a great de¬ 
formity. In my pleasure grounds, the plants 
arc cultivated to the very edge of the sod; and 
all vegetables, well trimmed orchards, etc., 
are a great ornament to the landscape. By 
all means, let all turning-rows be merged into 
the plot of greensward. 
White Hall. Ky. 
(Sarftnx. 
Of all the intermediate peas ripening in the 
climate of New York and Chicago about the 
1st of July, there is not one that equals the 
Stratagem, as it grows at the Rural Experi¬ 
ment Grounds. We wore the tirst to import 
and test this F.ugllsh pea. The vines average 
not over two to 2% feet, the foliage and stems 
are very vigorous, The pods, of the largest 
size, are borne in pairs and are well filled with 
large, wrinkled peas of the first quality. 
Again, as for the past four years, we urge 
our readers to try the Stratagem. We shall 
give them the opportunity with seeds from 
the originators in England. 
THE VEGETABLE GARDEN FOR SEP- 
. TEMBER. 
Beans. —If too late to ripen unassisted, a 
frame of boards at the back and front, and 
banking around with hot manure, and cover¬ 
ing with sashes, will secure a crop as late as 
November. Save ripe beans for seed for next 
year, and remember that ripe Lima beans are 
excellent eating in Winter. 
Beets.—T hin out sowings put in last month, 
and transplant thinnings if necessary; if not 
beet greens are good eating. 
Bruhhkl Sprouts.—I f they are late, pinch 
out the tops; it will make them sprout. 
Cabbage —By' cleanliness and good eulti 
vation get vigorous, firm-headed Drumheads 
and Savoys ready for Winter. Sow Jersey 
Wakefield out-of-doors, and, later, prick them 
into a cold-frame to winter over for spring 
planting. 
Cauliflower. —Keep it growing. Should 
frost come on before you use it all, heel those 
remaining thickly in a cold frame; they will 
keep and heart well on this side of Christmas. 
Sow and treat as cabbages for spring use, only 
they require more protection in Winter than 
do cabbages. 
Celery.— Bank up for early use, aud a 
little at a time, according to demand. But 
do not earth up the winter stock before Octo¬ 
ber Never earth up except, when the celery 
is quite dry, else damp and rust are liable to 
occur. 
Chives. —Plant some in boxes, and by keep¬ 
ing them warm, you can have green chives 
all through the W inter. 
Corn Balaij. —Sow some on light, sheltered 
ground. It Is perfectly hardy, and will afford 
you greens in early Bpring. 
Cucumbers.— Sow some seeds or set out 
some young plants iu a frame; as cold weather 
comes on, line the frame with hot manure. 
Endive. —Tie up a few at a time of that 
which is nearly full grown. Plant out thickly 
that which you intend wintering over, and 
before hard frost sets iu, put a frame, well 
bauked, around it, aud keep the endive dry 
overhead. 
German Greens —Bow about the middle 
of the month in rows a foot apart. In Win¬ 
ter cover with a thin mulching, which re¬ 
move early in Spring. 
Leekk. —Cultivate and keep clean, For 
winter use, mulch among them with dry 
leaves, or lift and heel them in thickly in a 
cold-frame, pit, or cellar. 
Lettuce.— Before frost comes, get all your 
hearting lettuces together, so that you can 
protect them with a frame if necessary. Bow 
Curled Silesia and Tennis Ball in the third 
week of the mouth, and, later, prick them 
thickly into a cold-frame to winter over for 
planting in hot-lwds in early Spring. 
Mustard makes a capital salad. Cut it for 
use when it is only four or six days old. 
Onions. —Plant out sets in rows a foot apart, 
three to four inches asunder, and four inches 
deep. Examine the ripe onions occasionally, 
remove the spoiling ones, aud break the 
sprouts from others. 
Oyster plants and Parsnips need no 
care for a few weeks yet. 
Parsley. —Lift and plant some in a cold- 
frame for winter and early spring use. Thin 
those sown last mouth. 
Radishes,—S ow a few out-of-doors, and 
after this iu a gentle hot-bed. 
Spinach.— Put in a goodly sowing of the 
prickly -seeded for next Spring'suse, In Win¬ 
ter a thin mulching of clean sedge or thatch 
helps it; but do not put it on thick, as it is 
apt to harbor field mice. Round spinach put 
in uow will give a good crop before Winter 
sots in. if you have New Zealand Spinach, 
put a box frame over it to keep it from frost. 
It keeps in good condition as long as you keep 
frost from it, 
Saving Seeds. —Save what seeds you can 
conveniently. Your own saved seeds are just 
as good as what you can buy. Peppers, cu¬ 
cumbers, melons, tomatoes, beans, and many 
other things may be saved with very little 
trouble. But if your time and space for gar¬ 
dening are limited, it may not pay you to 
save onions, carrots, parsley, turnips and 
other biennials. Seeds are so cheap that it 
does not pay to go to much bother in saving 
our own if our demand is small. 
Onions. —In the last week of last Septem¬ 
ber, I planted a lot of yellow Danvers Oniou 
sets in rich ground, in rows a foot apart, t hree 
to four inches between the sets, and four 
inches deep. They grew a little iu tho Fall; 
1 did not cover them at all in Wiuter, and 1 
did not lose oue bulb, aud in Spring taey grew 
first-rate. Many of them threw up flower- 
beads, but these were removed every week. 
By the end of June they had made splendid 
bulbs, aud showed an inclination to ripen On 
the 2th of July I bad them nil pulled up. and 
laid on their sides in rows to ripen; on the 
15tb I topped them all, and brought them in¬ 
side. Potato onion Bets 1 treated in the same 
way and with equal results, except that they 
do not throw up any flower-heads. Another 
thing about potato onions is, that the large 
sets do not bear large onions, but, instead, a 
bunch of small ones; it is the small sets that 
bear the large onions. Onions from sets, if 
need be, can bo harvested about the first of 
July, and so’d at a profit you cannot realize 
for seed onions, and you have the ground for 
early strawberry planting, late peas, snap 
beans, beets, turnips, cauliflowers or early 
celery. Onions from sets are poor keepers in 
Winter; they are apt to sprout., hence should 
be disposed of or used up early. L-t seed and 
potato onions be the mainstay for Winter. 
Queens Co.. N. Y. william falconer 
The profits of grape-growing, like those 
from the growing of all other fruits, depen 1 
very largely on the size and quality of the 
fruit put upon the market. The largest clus 
ters and finest berries, and the highest quality, 
can l>e attained only by tho best methods of 
culture, manuring and training. Grape- 
growers who have tried the experiment, all 
conclude that the finest <rapes cannot bo pro¬ 
duced in a vineyard over run with weeds aud 
grass; and any who try the experiment will 
he soon convinced that the easiest way to keep 
a vineyard iu proper condition, is to keep it 
entirely clean. Half-way cultivation means 
continuous hard work, and at the some time 
much grass and many weeds, and a very un¬ 
satisfactory condition of tho vineyard. All 
vinoyardists, however, agree that no cultiva¬ 
tion should bo attempted after the first or 
middle of August, so that the vines may cease 
a vigorous growth of wood, mature their fruit 
and ripen up the canes and buds in the best 
condition for Winter and for the succeeding 
year’s growth. To accomplish these results 
in the best way, plow the vineyard early iu 
Spring very shallow, say, not more than two 
inches deep; soon after this, the rows should 
tie hoed uud cleaned of grass and weeds, and at 
suitable intervals the ground should be worked 
over with some very shallow-working cultiva¬ 
tor, merely scraping or scarifying the sur¬ 
face. This, with one other hoeing, will keep 
all weeds down till the first of August. At this 
time I prefer to sow broadcast over the vine¬ 
yard not less than one-and-one-half bushe’ "*f 
rye per acre, cultivating it in with u shallow 
working cultivator and allowing it to grow 
the rest of the season. This will take posses 
sion of the ground to the exclusion of weeds, 
looking much nicer, and forming a pleasant 
and cleanly covering at grape-picking time 
uud by Winter it affords quite a covering to 
catch and retain the snow, thus affording 
much protectiou to the roots against the inju¬ 
rious effects of frost, it will also make con¬ 
siderable growth iu Spring before plowing 
time, affording quite a coatiug of green stuff 
to lie turned down as food for the vines. 
“VERITAS.” 
SULPHUR FOR GRAPE VINES AND 
POTATOES. 
The efficiency of sulphur as a protection 
against mildew seems to depend much upon 
the time when it is applied. My practice 
heretofore has been to make the first, applica¬ 
tion us soou as I observed signs of injury; but 
this season, after reflecting, 1 concluded to ap 
ply it curlier—when the shoots were a foot 
long, so as to endeavor to forestall aud pre¬ 
vent the germination of the spores. 1 find this 
the right thing iu practice. Although we 
have hud bad weather, my vines are freer 
from the disease than usual. I have found, 
too, that fortifying the sulphur with, say, oue 
pound of sulphuric acid to 10 of sulphur, 
adds greatly to its etiieuey. Two siftings are 
enough for ordinary seasons; in bad years 
uuottier would be profitable. The remedy ap¬ 
plied iu this way is especially valuable for 
Delawares, as they suffer most, generally. 
I would also suggest the sumo treatment for 
the similar sporadic diseases of potato vines. 
Judging from a siugle experiment, conducted 
much in the same manner, it is equally efli 
cient, and will save the crop in had years. 
Jefferson Go., N. Y. D. s. marvin. 
The first number in November, or there¬ 
abouts, will be the largest edition ever pub¬ 
lished of the Rural New-Yorker. It will 
give a full account of our Free Seed Distrib u 
Uon. 
