THE RURAL HEW-YORKER 
ment? 2. I have an old pasture on a heavy 
clay, which I wish to renew; how can it best 
be done? 3. In following wheat with wheat 
again next year, would it jiay to sow clover to 
be plowed down for the wheat? 4. Would it 
pay to sow rye after corn this Fall, to be 
plowed under for corn again next Spring? 
Ans,— 1. The leaf was covered with brown¬ 
ish spots, that seemed to extend entirely 
through the leaf substance. It appeared to be 
mildew, due largely to too thick planting of 
the trees, and too much wet weather. We 
would advise manuring the trees and moder¬ 
ate pruning, and, perhaps, cutting out. a part 
of the trees. 2. The old pasture should be 
thoroughly harrowed both ways, with a sharp- 
toothed, heavy harrow. Sow 200 pounds of 
bone flour, and 400 pounds of kainit per acre; 
also eight pounds of Red Clover, five pounds of 
Timothy, and five pounds of Kentucky Blue 
Grass per acre, and then give another har¬ 
rowing and roll. 3. Much would depend upon 
the season. We have sometime* seen the 
clover get to be a ‘‘perfect mat ” even be¬ 
fore the harvest; while, at other times, it 
scarcely showed at all. The practice could 
hardly be recommended. We would prefer to 
plow the stubble at once after harvest, and 
sow corn thickly, to bo plowed in just before 
seeding time; but wheat following wheat 
should have plenty of special fertilizer. 4. 
Sow the rye soon. Don’t wait for the re¬ 
moval of the corn, and sow thickly, apply¬ 
ing 200 pounds of some special fertilizer to in¬ 
duce rauk growth. 
CARE OF BLACKBERRIES. 
E. E., Industry, Pa .—What is the best way 
to care for blackberries? Here, they are not 
cultivated after they have been once estab¬ 
lished. 
E NR ,_Black berries give fruit of size und 
quality; greatly defiendent upon the care they 
receive, lu uo caseshould they be allowed to 
become a thicket, nor should the grass and 
weeds lie allowed to overrun them, A good 
way is to give constant shallow cultivation, 
with an annual manuring, and the suckers 
should be treated as weeds. Keep them in 
hills, and allow not more than four or 
five canes to grow, and pinch them off when 
three feet high, so as to induce much growth 
of limbs. These should bo cut back to about 
15 inches at the spring pruning. This may be 
a little more troublesome than to let them run 
loose; but it will injure large, high-flavored 
fruit, and that is what brings big money and 
makes profit. _ 
FARMERS’ CLUB OF THE RURAL 
NEW-YORKER. 
, (CONTINUED.) 
DISEASED CALVES. 
II. C. P., Riy Rapid, Mich .—I bought a 
beautiful Jersey heifer calf, three days old 
for $50, and carried it home—three miles 
away—in my arms, while riding in a wagon, 
so that it should not get hurt. After feeding, 
it* whole frame shook violently, and it ap¬ 
peared t<> keep it* foot with difficulty. This 
happened a number of times, the attack last¬ 
ing a few minutes on each recurrence. After 
three weeks it lost flesh, anil in a few weeks 
more ceased to eat, and died. It was always 
delicate, often refused to eat, and was never 
a large feeder. A few days before it* death, 
it bloated. A post-mortem examination 
showed it bad been iujured over the kidneys, 
the flesh there lieing callous und fast to the 
bone. The kidneys had been displaced and 
hung rather loosely, and near the right kid¬ 
ney were some lumps evidently caused by a 
previous inflammation, but a more serious 
inflammation prevailed at the time, extend¬ 
ing to the larger Intestines, and the surface 
of the kidney was also inflamed. What was 
the cause of the ailment? A three-year-old 
grade heifer which was pastured with the 
little Jersey aud was treated in the same way, 
showed precisely the same symptoms two days 
before it died, though always vigorous before. 
When found dead, a little blood flowed from 
the mouth, and also from the rectum, which 
had been ruptured by straining. A post¬ 
mortem investigation showed the large intes¬ 
tines and the stomach und the right lung 
greatly inflamed, and all the intestines ad¬ 
hered together so that they could not be sepa¬ 
rated; what, caused the death of the animal? 
Ans. — The Jersey calf was probably born 
defective, although the injury to the kidneys 
and the mesentery, or the membraue which 
is connected with the small intestines, might 
have beeneaused by the handling when carry¬ 
ing it home. The proximate cause of death, 
however, was the inflammation of the intes¬ 
tines, and the fact of the grade calf suffering 
in the Rame manner, indieaft>s that both bud 
taken something in their food—probably in 
the pasture—which produced the fatal dis¬ 
order. It might have been some poisonous 
substance; some acrid plant or fungus; or the 
herbage might have been infected in some 
way by a dead or diseased animal. Indeed, 
there are so many possible explanations that 
it would be useless to mention them. The 
Jersey calf might have lived, but would have 
b^eu puny and unthrifty; the grade calf evi¬ 
dently died from outward causes of the kind 
indicated. 
BUILDING AN ICE-HOUSE AND FRUIT-ROOM. 
./. S MvC., Fort. Collins, Col.— How should 
a house be built to contain 15 or 20 tons of 
ice, and how should it be arranged so that 
fruit can be kept in it? 
Ans. —It ts much more difficult to build a 
house to keep a few tons of ice thau many, so 
we would not advise the building of a room 
less t han 14x20 feet, with posts 12 feet high. If 
a small fruit room is desired, it can be made 
eight by twelve, and be biult under one end of 
the ice-house. The fruit-room should be at 
least, partly below the level of the ice-house 
floor, and should have a galvanized roof on 
which the ice should be laid directly. It should 
also have a ventilating tube leading to the 
space above the ice. The ice-house should be 
built with double walls 10 inches apart; the 
space between them being filled with cut 
straw, tan bark, saw-dust, or, best of all, char¬ 
coal dust. The walls can bo constructed of 
two by ten studding, boarded on each side. 
The ffihug should be packed down tightly. 
Good drainage should be provided for the bot¬ 
tom. On this, except over the fruit-room, 
there should tie a layer, at least one foot thick, 
of sawdust, tau hark or cut straw, aud on this 
the ice should be compactly piled, leaving at 
least one foot between the wall and the ice all 
round, and this space should be well filled with 
the packing material. It is well to fill all 
crevices between the cakes, when filling the 
house, with finely broken ice, aud if the 
weather is very cold and water is thrown on 
the mass, it will become a solid cake of ice. 
When the house is filled 10 feet deep, it will 
contain over 80 tons of ice. At least enough 
sawdust or other packing material should now 
bo put on to fill all openings about the sides, 
and to leave it at least two feet deep on 
top. A ventilator, at least one foot square in¬ 
side measurement, should lie provided from 
the space above the ice to the outer air. If 
care is taken to see that the space between the 
ice uud outer walls is always kept filled with 
packing, this supply of ice should last two 
good sized families a year. 
MILDEW ON /.PPLKS: RENEWING AN OLD PAS¬ 
TURE; RYE TO BE TUKNKD UNDER. 
J. L. G., Washington, D. C .—What ails the 
inclosed apple leaf? Nearly all in the orchard 
are so affected, and what will prevent the ail- 
CLARK’S 
ROOT CUTTER 
Seed Drill. 
Matthew’s Patent. 
Pronounced b y 
Market Garden¬ 
ers to be the most 
Reliable Drill in 
use. 
The orily Perfect 
Root Cutter ever 
made. Do not fail 
to send for Circular. 
Farmer’s Favorite Cider Mill 
A Mill that will grind fifty to sixty bushels of Ap- 
4 
pies per hour, combined with a Press that will 
press seventy-five gallons at a pressing. 
Do not fail to send for our New Illustrated Catalogue 
of Cider Machinery. 
MANUFACTURED BY 
Higganum Mfg. Corporation, 
HIGGANUM, CONN., U. S. A. 
MANUFACTURERS OF 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
Send for Small Tool List- 
jv’t GIVE me yo ar 
&G a would ntgi Vet 
! ever saw. J < 
ESTABLISHED 1864. 
These Plows are no< an experiment. 
OVER I 60,000 IN USE. 
THE DEMAND INCREASING RAPIDLY. 
NEK IMPERIAL M I.KV. Tiny will be mb ex 
hlbltlon ai the various Slate and County Fairs. Itls new, 
novel, unique, symmetrical, simple In construction, 
strong and durable, made of wrought and malleable Iron, 
except the tongues, adjustable to any plow, right and 
loft Imndr ilon tlic turn-machine, Mingle lever, light 
lift, equl balnnei* by the weight of the Operator. The 
weight or tie- plow counter iiainm-ed by the weight of 
the tniiu, brace has to lift the ground only. Point of 
Fulcrum In the axle of the wheel. Crank Hnil. wheels 
adjustable, bo it is level in or out of the furrow The 
plow swing* In the ball right to left. also, vertical up and 
down- therefore turns corner* and evaoe* otAtaclr-i with¬ 
out lifting It out of the ground. It I* wliat. lin.t been 
sought after for these years and now obtained—we think 
Just what the farmers want. It will be sold as cheap as 
any In the market. It will he appreciated at sight. Cum 
mended for Us practicability aud very light draft. All 
who have seen it call It wonderful. 
MANl'VAOrPUgP MY 
BUCHER, GIBBS, & CO., Canton, 0. 
F. E. IYIYER8 «fc BIIO., Ashland O., 
General Eastern territory Agents. 
E. A. ALMONIt, Indinuitpol'i.. Ind 
General Western territory Agent. 
Poes belter work, and gives better «n induction 
than any in use.. Sent on irinl to responsible farm¬ 
ers Lnrire farriers for hand I mg Coal, stone. Iron 
ami Merchandise, a s| Kieialty. For dmihtnt. address 
W.l.SCOTT.Bridgewater, Oneida to., N'.Y. 
EQUIPPED WITH JOINTERS, STEEL CUTTERS AND WHEELS 
SUPPLY HOUSES. . 
H. T. Condr, Indianapolis. Ind.: Morgan & Beach, Fort Wayne. Did 
Boyd, Wheeling, W. Va.; Scoble & l-'urltrr. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Geo. P 
Passmore, Philadelphia, Pa.; v r 
Imperial and Ohio Chilled Plows are on sale lu many trade cent 
Michigan. Wisconsin. Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee and New York, 
to the manufacturers or any of the above nnmed agents. 
BUCHER, GIBBS & CO.. Canton, O 
TUI 
CAL, MUSICAL, ELI 
MAGICAL. MECHAN- 
■ Mammoth fatiilogue 
d.- Quinn, Gregg & Co., Hillsboro, O; S. 1£. 
___ Bridges. Carlisle, Fa.: Graham, Ernlen & 
B & W. n. Merryman, Baltimore, Md.; S. G. Sherman & Co., Providence, R I. 
are on sale lu many trade centres in the above named states: also, In 
~ — —''-'t. If not on sale In your community, apply 
NEW ORGANETTES SIS 
If you have an Organette with less than 2? Reeds, 
(no matter what name) and wish one with wonder 
ful improvements, lull compass, playing all music 
(especially dance! complete and perfect, address 
OKGANETTE EXCHANGE t 0 Box 2S3 FnilAdelpma 
THE BRADLEY TWO-WHEELER 
THE BEST CATTLE FASTENING! 
SMITH'S 
SELF-ADJUSTING SWING STANCHION! 
The onlyPractlcalSwlngStauchlon Invented. Thou¬ 
sands In use. Illustrated Circular free. Slauufactur 
ed by BROOKSItPARSONS.Addlson,Steuben Co., N.Y. 
The only Two-Wheeled Vehicle 
ever made that is absolutely free 
from all horse motion. 
Send for our Road Cart Cata¬ 
logue. 
ESTABLISHED 1833. 
MILL CO., _ 
Mumifn'-tun-n of IIA It II IsON’9 
STAND VHI* GRINDING and 
FLOCKING MILLS of all sires 
and varieties for Sv*:«iii. WMw, Wind, 
_ Horse A Hand Power. 
_ I Pw*t,clnpg"j» 1 capao- 
■» - ■ 1 ilyau.1 durability. Ev- 
j , a ?: 1 r v Mi 1 ! warranted to 
n •^33 F dojl>t V '..-At wr claim 
L A JT for II. Wnltanden- 
jn r ] 05< . „ jump foroer new 
L - .■ - y £0 page illustrated catalogue 
and mention this paper. The 
Ed w. Harrison MiUCo..New Haven, Ct. 
uJUtriittfjjipjjjMM*’' 
NEW YORK, 22 Co lege Plaee, 
BOSTON, 32 S. Market St. 
| BRADLEY & CO., Syracuse, N. Y 
