m* 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
even from an old tree. My oldest trees (13 
years old) have little fruit out. of reach. 
In delicate, waxen beauty, the Yellow 
Transparent, especially when allowed to 
mature upon the tree, is unequaled among 
American apples It is soft, fleshed, and of a 
mild, delicate, but not very high flavor—not 
equal to the Early Harvest. But the fruit is 
always fair, and its attractive appearance, 
joined with its very good quality, makes it 
extremely salable. As an early marketapple, 
it has great met its. if gathered just as the 
seeds begin to color, it bears transportation 
well, and will keep two weeks or more, before 
showing any signs of deterioration. How far 
south it will succeed, 1 cannot say; but have 
uo doubt that in the mountains it may be suc¬ 
cessfully grown nearly down to the latitude of 
New York city. 
There are at least two other Russian apples 
which arp nearly, if uot quite, identical with 
the Yellow Transparent. 1 have them grow¬ 
ing and bearing in the same orchard, and can¬ 
not, distinguish any positive difference in tree 
or fruit. These are the Grand Sultan and the 
Charlottonthaler. The Grand Sultan does not 
appear to be quite as hardy a tree as the 
scribed as ‘‘crisp juicy and pleasant, though 
not best in quality.” It ripens in Central New 
York from the middle of July to the first of 
August. 
Since the above was written, A. J. Cay- 
wood Son write us that this pear was with¬ 
out name until a few years ago, when it was 
named Comet. The original tree, they say, 
was owned hy several parties before Lawson. 
This, however, is not a matter for the R. N.- 
Y. to settle or to discuss at, length. We trust 
that there are facts which will at once deter 
miue which name the fruit should hear. 
A FRAUDULENT PICTURE. 
(See page 657.) 
Rural 
Yellow Transparent Apple. Fig. 380 
other two, or perhaps I should say uot quite 
so healthy, being subject to bark-blight upon 
the trunk, by which the young trees are de¬ 
stroyed. I have in one place two parallel 
rows of Yellow Transparent and Grand Sul¬ 
tan, set nine years ago. The first, are all per¬ 
fect, but of the latter two-thirds have died 
from bark blight The remaining trees of 
Grand Sultan, however, cannot be distin¬ 
guished in any way from their neighbors. 
The Charlottonthaler was at first thought to 
bear larger fruit than the Yellow Transparent; 
but my experience with the trees as they get 
older does not sustain this belief. The you ug 
trees of all three often bear very large apples, 
but as they get older they all come to about 
the same size. 
Newport, Vfc, 
Moore's Arctic Plum, while a very fair, 
smallish plum, is neither very new, nor is it 
any better than a score of others of about the 
same size or season ; nor is it, as claimed, eur- 
culio proof. We show, at Fig. 386, a true 
reproduction of a CUt which is being sent, all 
over the country, and used to create a boom 
for the trees of this variety, at #2 each. We 
would call the attention of our readers to the 
fraudulent representation in this cut. First, 
notice how the plums are made to 
grow from the limbs without buds or 
leaves; also, notice the large clusters, 
and see how unnaturally long the 
stems would have to l>e to reach the 
limb from which they are represented 
to be growing. 
The person who kindly furnished us 
the original of this cut, called the 
agent’s attention to what the Rural 
New Yorker had said previously of 
this plum. The ageut said: “The 
Rural is a humbug, and tuay go to 
h- I am going to sell those trees 
for #2 each, in spite of it,” Any 
nurseryman or tree dealer who will 
circulate such a fraudulent, represen¬ 
tation as this and will thus swindle 
the people, must have a very lax con¬ 
science, and is only restrained from 
stealing or robbery by fear ofthe law, 
and not because such a course would 
be morally wrong. We are perfectly 
willing that any dealer should show 
representations of his fruits in their 
best possible light, and describe 
them in their best condition; but 
when such abnormal cuts are gotten 
up, and when such false statements 
are made as that any plum is eurculio-proof, 
it becomes downright fraud, aud the Rural 
will not refrain from exposing it. Our rend¬ 
ers had better let the Arctic Plum alone at 
any such price as *2 per tree. We think the 
trees can l)e bought of reliable firms at about 
50 cents each for yearlings. 
(£l)c tHru'ijari). 
----- 
MOORE’S EARLY" GRAPE. 
Moore’s Early (Fig. 381), belongs to the 
THE NEW PEAR “ LAWSON.” 
During July, or early August, of both 1881 
and 1882, as we recall, Mr. A J Caywood, of 
•Marlboro, Ulster Co., N. Y., brought us a few 
specimens of what (for want of a better name, 
we suppose) he called the “Cornet” Pear. 
They were so brilliantly colored aud so early > 
though of but fair quality, that we requested 
him to sood us a tree. The tree was received 
and planted in April, 1883, and it has since 
made a tolerable growth. 
It now appears that the original tree, 
thought to be a hundred years old, or more, is 
still alive, healthy aud vigorous, standing in a 
cleft of rock on the old Lawson farm, situated 
ou the west shore of the Hudson (more tbau 
200 feet above its level) in the county of Ul¬ 
ster, N, Y. It further appears that, except a 
few grafts or buds given to friends for their 
own use, the entire stock ot this pea^r was 
owned by the Lawsou estate until recently, 
when the exclusive right and control were 
purchased by William Parry, of Parry, P. O., 
New Jersey, who proposes to introduce it to 
the public this Fall under the uame of Law- 
son, in bouorof the family upon whose farm it 
originated. 
The tree is described as a vigorous, upright 
grower, with clean, healthy foliage. It has 
never suffered from disease of any kind. It 
is said to be very productive aud to bear 
young. The pears are of goodly size, as shown 
in Fig. 885, the largest measuring three 
inches In diameter. For an early summer 
pear, it is firm, and ships well. The color is a 
brilliant red upon a yellow ground—indeed, it 
is certainly as richly colored, judging by 
those which Mr. Caywood showed to us, as 
any pear we have ever seen. The flesh is de¬ 
where our more tender varieties do not suc¬ 
ceed. Upou my grounds it is a few days later 
than Lady; a few days earlier than the Cot¬ 
tage, aud the berries are a trifle larger. It 
closely resembles this variety, but the growth 
of the vines of both Moore aud Lady have 
never been satisfactory with me. 1 value 
V\ orden the highest, but do not esteem any 
member of the family highly, except for 
localities where tluor kinds do not succeed. 
Hardiness of the viues is their one strong re¬ 
deeming quality. I see no promise of im- 
provement in further multiplying these Con¬ 
cord seedlings, except their use iu hybridizing, 
to gain hardiness of viue and better fruit. 
Then again, not a single member of the 
family that I have over tested will keep for 
Winter; they are all of transient value. 
There are imperative reasons for cultivating 
less transient and more long keeping classes 
and varieties of grapes; we can and should 
have grape( all Winter in every household. 
If Cottage did not shell from the cluster so 
badly, 1 should prefer it to Moore’s; as it is, 
there is a field of usefulness for Moore’s Early. 
Jeffersou Co. N. Y. i>. a. marvin. 
The Moores Grace. —The originator im¬ 
posed upon this grape the name Moore’s 
Early; but, in accordance with the spirit of 
the rules of pomology, adopted a year since 
by the American Pomologfeal Society, we 
drop the redundant word, and designate it 
simply by its distinctive uame—that of the 
originator. 
Although it can, as yet, hardly he said to 
have thoroughly established Tor itself a repu¬ 
tation at the West, experience so far seems to 
justify its character, as giveu in the latest 
editiou of the Bush berg Catalogue, which 1 
quote as follows: 
“Bunch suiullor (than Concord) and rarely 
shouldered, but berries somewhat larger. It 
is, In similar soils and localities, as healthy 
and hardy as its parent (Concord). It is equal 
to the Concord in quality; but ripens about 
two weeks earlier, being liettor than Hart¬ 
ford, Champion or Talnmu, and quite as 
early,” 
This is certainly uot very high praise, and I 
fancy there may bo found, among the many 
newer varieties, those that, by the critical 
pomologist, will be esteemed to bo greatly Its 
superior. Still this appears to possess quali¬ 
ties of both plant and fruit which eminently 
tit it to fill a place, in advance of the season 
of its parent, as the early grape for the people 
at large. t. T. lyon. 
Van BurenCo., Midi. 
A WILD GRAPE-VINE. 
I Inclose sketch (Fig. 
884) of a grape-vine 
that grows on Cobh am 
Park Farm, in Rich¬ 
mond Co., Va. The age 
of this vino is unknown, 
but it is very old, as it 
has been remarkable 
for its size for years. 
The circumferance of 
the trunk is 53 inches; 
La who n Peak. Fig. 385. after branching it is 43 
inches around. This is 
Concord family of our Vitis Labrusca grapes. | a wild grape, and grows in a southern 
It is healthy, hardy, aud valuable in localities | exposure about five feet above the water of 
Moore’s Early Grape.— The reason why 
we have never said much of Moore’s Early 
Grape is that our viues had not, until the 
present season, come into full hoariug, and 
we were late iu procuring viues. Of all our 
collection Moore’s Early ripens first. All 
grapes were late the past season, and when 
(September I) the Moore’s Early were picked, 
there was not a fully ripe bunch to be found 
upon any other vine. The quality is just that 
of the Concord; but the berry is larger- f.<K) 
large indeed (o swallow whole. The bunches 
are smaller than those 
of the Concord. Our 
illustration shows one 
of the best buuches, 
while the single berry 
shows the largest size. 
The viue is free from 
mildew—the berry from 
rot. (See Page 088.) 
Moo re,’ s Early 
Grape. — I think the 
Rural is quite right 
in saying a good word 
for Moore’s Early Grape. 
It is larger than the 
Concord and equal to 
it In flavor. This year 
it is with me earlier 
than the Hartford and 
two weeks eurlier than 
the Concord or Dela¬ 
ware—a very i mportant 
consideration in this lo¬ 
cality. A. e. g. 
Greely, Col. 
the Rappahannock, and about 30 feet, from 
the river. r. l. ware, jr. 
[We have been unable to ascertain the spe¬ 
cies. (See Page 652.)—Eds.] 
CntmiiG logical. 
THE OAK SCALE. 
The Oak Scale or Gall-fly (Cyuipscouflueus) 
lives iu agall or tumor (as shown iu Fig. 382, p. 
654), caused by the irritation first excited when 
the egg is laid ill the leaf. These ipills are spheri¬ 
cal, aud are also called oak apples. They grow 
to a diameter of I)•/ to two inches, rind are 
green and somewhat pulpy at first, Imt change 
to a dirty, draft color; and the outside becomes 
a thin, brittle shell. A single grub lives in 
the center of each; It changes to a small fly, 
eats a bole from the center out through the 
skin, aud escapes. One brood leaves the galls 
in June; another, in October; while many of 
them remain in the oak apples through the 
Winter and escape in the Spring. The fly is 
about, a quarter of an inch long, and its wings 
expand five-eighths of an inch. Its head and 
thorax are black; the hind body is smooth 
and of a shining pitch color, pur readers 
have, no doubt, often seeu these apples on the 
leaves of the oak. 
-- ■■■ «•« - 
A new wheat enemy. 
In'several counties in Northern Michigan, 
the people are complaining of a new wheat 
enemy. They say tills Insect—for it is claimed 
that au insect does the mischief—eats all the 
flour out of’ the kernel, and then bores out by 
a small, round hole; thus, it is said, to work 
much as the pea weevil does. The insect which 
it is claimed does the mischief, isa small, light- 
colored caterpillar. It is stated that white 
wheat suffers most. Wexford aud Huron 
Counties are centers of this new attack. Much 
solicitude is felt ou this subject. Measures are 
already iu operation whereby the exact truth 
of this matter may bo determined, 
a Lansing, Mich. A. j. cook. 
<£l)e ijevtismim. 
ANOTHER PRIZE-WINNING JERSEY. 
We show iu Fig. 383, a good likeness cf tlio 
imported Jersey cow, Victory 16370. She 
was a great prize taker ou the Island : aud as a 
two and three-year-old she won first prize at 
the St. Mary’s Club, and third over all Jer¬ 
seys. Mr. Valaneey E. Fuller paid £200 
($1,000) for her in 1881 on the Island, and she 
has since formed one of Ins prize-winning 
herd wherever shown. When fresh, she has 
milked us high ns 22 quarts daily, aud six 
months after calving gave an average of 32 
pounds of milk per day. Her butter record, 
when tested from April 10th to April 33d, 1883, 
wits 15 pounds Ub ounces of unsalted butter 
from 277 pounds of milk. Hhu is uot for sale, 
but is to be permanently retained at.Oaklands 
ok a breeding cow. (Bee Page 653 ) 
Tre Wire-worm and Scab in Potatoes.— 
It is a pity that the name of wire-worm is not 
confined to the Julus, since it Is made up, so to 
speak, of hard rings and is really a worm; 
while the true wire worm Is not a wire-worm 
at all. Now the question is, do these wire- 
worms (Julus) cause scab in potatoes. We 
have all along said that they do; but Prof 
Cook says, no; scab is caused by a fungus. 
We are of those who believe that fungi do 
not cause anything whatever; but that vari¬ 
ous diseases and weaknesses are attacked by 
various fungi or bacteria. To return to scab 
iu potatoes, however: a writer iu the N. Y. 
Tribune says: “ I have been investigating this 
scab for years, and the Editor of the Rural 
New Yorker, who has also gi veti much study 
and observation to the same thing, has found 
reason to believe that scab is really caused by 
the wire-worm, Julus. I have found it abun¬ 
dant in potato fields which have been manured 
by cow manure, and the potatoes were serious¬ 
ly injured hy it. Clean potatoes put in flow¬ 
er pots with clean soil and some of these wire- 
worms, have been eaten Into and scabbed over 
in three weeks. Professor Cook will fiud no 
fungus in these scabs. I have made scores of 
examinations with the microscope ami never 
found any trace of fungus; and Dr. Hexamer, 
a most trustworthy authority, has told me 
that he has failed to fiud any fungus in the 
scabs. I am sure the trouble is due to this 
wire-worm; but the elater larvie I do not 
believe is to tie blamed for it, as I have found 
