703 
4334 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
bushel of 16 pounds. 3. Good, dry corn or 
wheat land, where the wheat is not liable to 
rust, and the richer it is the better. 4. In 
early Spring—the earlier the better. 5. Rows 
should be eight feet apart, and the plants 
seven feet apart in the row. 6. The price 
varies greatly, but the average is about 18 
cents per pound. It would be a good plan to 
buy Meeker’s “Hop Culture,” and read it 
carefully before planting a “vard ” It can 
be bought of the American News Company, 
this city. 
PARASITES IN THE TONGUES OK CATTLE, 
F. M. C,, Hesperia, Mich —Is there any 
such thing as “grub in the tongue” in cattle' 
Ans. —There is no such thing as grub in the 
tongue; but the tongue is subject to the at¬ 
tacks of parasitic worms at times, such as the 
beef measle, or the larva of a tape-worm, of 
which several kinds are known to infest cat¬ 
tle, as Tamla expausa, Tnenia denticulate, 
Cystieercus bovis, and Ta*nia medio cinella- 
ta; and sometimes the larva* of these are 
found in the tongue in the form of cyst* or 
so-called bladder-worms, much like those 
found in the heads of sheep. The ox tongue 
is also at times affected by cysts, or elastic, } 
rouuded swellings, w hich appear on the under | 
side. All of these are easily removed by cut¬ 
ting them open with a sharp knife, and letting 
out the contents. 
AILING COLT. 
J. B., Delia .—My colt, dropped in June, bad 
very weak front legs at first, aud they still 
continue weak. Aboutn week after its birth 
a large hole appeared in its brisket between 
the front legs, aud discharged a great deal of 
matter; it is now nearly closed, bnt the dis¬ 
charge continues; will the colt be likely to 
recover, and how should it be treated? 
Ans.— It is quite possible the colt may yet 
recover, and make a useful horse. The open¬ 
ing should not be closed until the discharge 
ceases. Give half a dram of hyposulphite of 
soda, and as much Peruvian bark daily until 
the discharge ceases; then let the hole close 
up as it will. When this happens the colt will 
gain strength. 
COLD IN SHEEP. 
11. C. O., Cheatertoum, N. Y .—Some of my 
sheep are troubled in breatbing. One bloated 
badly, discharged at the nose, and would open 
its mouth in breatbing. 
Ans. —The trouble is due to cold takeu pro¬ 
bably from over beating in the hot weather 
uud exposure to cold afterwards. Give each 
sheep one ounce of linseed oil. After two days 
give one tablospoonful of the following mix¬ 
ture: half a pint of linseed oil, a quarter of a 
piut of glycerine, two ounces of pine tar, and 
two ounces of turpentine; melt and mix to¬ 
gether the tar aud linseed oil, then add the 
others; stir all together, and bottle for use. 
Avoid over-heating and damp, and give abun¬ 
dance of dry air. 
STARTING A LOCUST GROVE. 
W. B. S., Annville, Penn. —How should I 
start a grove of locust trees to be cut for posts 
when grown, and bow should the seeds be 
treated, to insure their growth ? 
Ans.— The seeds may be gathered any time 
during the Winter. Before planting they 
should be soaked in hot water until swollen. 
How in a nursery row in April or May. With 
good culture they will grow from three to 
live feet the first season. 8et them out in the 
grove, when one year old, in well prepared 
soil; they should be cultivated for two Sum¬ 
mers. 
RAISING RHUBARB. 
li. O. C., Clinton, Ky. —How plant and cul¬ 
tivate rhubarb for market? Can it be raised 
from seed true to the variety planted? 
Ans. —Roots may be put out in either Fall 
or Spring, a rich well drained soil being the 
essential thing. The roots may be set four 
feet apart each way. A good top-dressing of 
manure should be given in the Fall, and a 
coarse mulch of some sort should be provided. 
Linnaeus is the best variety; fine plants can 
be obtained from seed, but they will not lie 
true to the variety planted. 
REMEDY FOR COUGH IN PIGS. 
J. (J. M., Baltimore, Met .—What ails my 
pigs? They are coughing all the time, but 
they eat well, though they do not thrive. 
Ans.— Give these pigs a tablespoon ful of 
linseed oil; after two days, give the same 
quantity of the followiug mixture:—halt a 
pint of molasses; one ounce of cream-of-tartar, 
aud two ouuees of flowers of sulphur. Stir 
well with the spoon before giving it. Feed 
quite moderately for some days. 
Miscellaneous. 
O. K., Waldoboro, Me. —1. Since hot weath¬ 
er came on, while churning, thin cream rises 
to the top, the thick cream staying at the 
bottom; churning is very hard, and when the 
buttermilk is drawn off about a cupful of curd 
comes out; what causes the trouble? 2. Are . 
corn, butter aud potatoes likely to be higher 
or lower? 3. Will a pure-bred hen lay better 
than a mongrel? 4. One of my cows makes a 
wheeziug noise when she eats and chews the 
cud; when she lies down and chews the cud, 
she froths at the mouth; what ails her? 5. 
Mi hat is good to clean butter tuba?. 6. Cau 
eggs be kept, fresh in a cellar? 7. When tire- 
blight appears fn an orchard, will it attack 
all the trees? 8. What are the marks of a 
good Jersey, a good native cow, and a good 
horse? il. Is bone meal good for chickens and 
pigs? 10. Where can I get a good washer? 
II. Would it be injurious to allow a boar do 
serve bis own dam when iu heat? 12. Cau 
clairvoyants tell more thau others? 
A ns.— 1. The crourn has been kept too warm 
aud has become too sour. 2. One man can 
guess what the price of coru may tie next 
mouth as well as another and no better, pro¬ 
vided each has the same information. The 
same applies to butter and potatoes, and other 
produce. All the information in our posses¬ 
sion with regard to circumstances likely to 
raise or depress prices, we give every week 
either in “ Crops and Markets,'' “Agricultural 
News,” or the editorial page. Having fur¬ 
nished all the accessible information on this 
subject, we must allow our friends to draw 
their own inferences therefrom. 3. Not un¬ 
less the hen is well fed. It is food as much 
as blood that tells on the product. As a. rule, 
purebred fowls are better than common 
mixed kinds. 4. The cow is troubled with 
bronchitis. Give her a tablespoon ful of piue 
tar smeared over the teeth and tougue once a 
day for two weeks, fi. Fire is the best thing 
to cleanse butter tubs. When uuy butter 
packages need more cleansing than boiling 
water will give them, they art* wholly unfit 
for use. 0. They may if they are packed in 
lime water aud covered from the air. 7, It is 
very likely to do so, but sometimes takes a 
tree here uud another there, and some varie¬ 
ties are more subject to it thau others. 8. See 
back numbers of the Rural. A good native 
cow has a small head, thin neck, light fore¬ 
quarters, deep hindquarters, a largo udder, 
good teats, and a thin tell, A coarsely 
made cow is very rarely a good one. 9. Bone 
uieul is good for chickens; but for pigs we 
would rather give plenty of hrun or oatmeal. 
10. See advertising column* of the Rural. 
1L It will do no harm to use the boar if it is a 
healthy duo; hut it won’t do to breed the 
same blood a second time. 12. A clairvoyant 
cannot see any further into a millstone than 
you can yourself. 
C. A. IK, Kiowa, Kansas, —1, Can rhubarb 
plauts be manufactured into vinegar, and if 
so, how? 2, Can you give mtV-u plan for a 
practical home-made root cutter? 
Ans. —1. Vinegar (ucetic acid) is the pro¬ 
duct of fermentation of sugar. The first 
change from sugar is the fermentation of alco¬ 
hol, and the further change creates the vine¬ 
gar, so that rhubarb juice, though very sour 
of itself, does not contain sufficient sugar to 
form vinegar. The “sour” in the plant is due 
to malic aud oxalic acids, neither of which is 
to be commended for vinegar. Wo should 
much prefer sorghum juice, or a solution of 
molasses, or sugar aud water for our vinegar. 
2. About the best home-made root-cutter we 
have ever tried was a sharp spade aud a box 
of any length, and about one foot wide and 
the same in depth. Place clean roots in the 
box, and they cau he cut quite fast and as fine 
as you please with the spade. 
J. T. E., tiharpstoum, Md. —1. What about 
Chili guano, which is advertised to be the 
best for all crops? 2. How came so many 
names from one ADAM? 3. Is charcoal 
good for horses? 
Ans. —I. We think there are several makes of 
fertilizer in which you can got the constituents 
for successful plant growth at less price than 
in the guano. 2. Originally people had but 
one name; but as they became more numerous 
it became uecessary to distinguish families, 
und so two names, & family uame and a given 
name, became common. When the one name 
was used some peculiarity, as Black, Green, 
Redhead; some trade or profession, as Buiitb, 
Potter, etc., gave rise to the man’s name. We 
can see the same thing heiug done even now 
among the Indians. 3. Not except in case of 
sickness, when it is given as a mediciue. 
L. M. Jx., Alma, Taras. —1. Along with this 
1 send box coritaing a peculiar worm and 
spider that are working on my perpetual 
roses, what are they and what will destroy 
them? 2. What is the anatomy of the cow 
that enables her to “hold up” her milk? 
Ans. —The box came: but the worms and 
spider were all dead and dried up past re¬ 
cognition. Whatever they are, they had de¬ 
voured every particle of the leaves of the 
rose, and if they treat growing bushes iu that 
way they certainly are injurious. We recom¬ 
mend a trial of Buhach, or the kerosene 
emulsion made with soap aud water. See 
back Rgrals. 9. See elsewhere in this de¬ 
partment of the present issue. 
F. D. C., Hesperia, Mich. —1. Will wiuter 
rye mature if sowed in the Spring? 2. Will 
pyrothrum powder kill cabbage pests? 3. If 
so, could we not raise the plants and save the 
expense? 4. Is it best to hoe cabliage after it 
begins to bead? 5. Would night soil ho good 
ou r strawberry bed intended to fruit uext 
Spring? 
Ans. —1, It will uot amount to anything. 
2. Yes. 3. Our climate does not develop its 
full strength. 4. Hoc them as long as possible 
without injury to the leaves by breaking. 5. 
M e should prefer not to use it unless it can he 
worked into the soil. 
J. //. Me A., Mifflinytoivn, l\:t. —1. I send by 
mail a pear which I bought for Doyonnd d’Ete, 
what, is it? 2. Will seeds of the Seckel Pear 
produce the same? 3. Are the seeds of good 
fruits more likely to produce good fruits than 
those of poor fruits? 
Ans.—1. No pear has lieen received. 2. No, 
very few of the better sorts of fruit will re¬ 
produce themselves from seed. 3. Of course. 
Heeds of wild seedling* will, as a rule, produce 
fruit very similar to that plauted; to this 
there are exceptions, and from these better 
sorts have been produced. 
J. FI., West Granby, Conn., sends plants for 
name. 
An* —No. 1 is Euphorbia maculutu; No. 2 
E. deutata; No. 3 E. hypericifolia; three va¬ 
rieties of Spurge. No, 4. Is Muhlenbergia 
glomerate, Drop-Seed Grass; No. 5 is Hpirau- 
fcbesceruoa, Ladiea’-Tresses; No. «, Pauieum 
Xanthopbysum, Yellow Panic Grass; No. 7, 
Panioum claudestinum, Hidden-flowered Pan¬ 
ic Grass; No. 8, I’anicum mierocarpum, 
Small fruited Panic Grass. 
A. //, V. D , Liberty, Va .—How can a 
horse's hoofs he made tougher aud to grow 
faster? 
Ans.— Wash them with warm water every 
evening. Put some wot clay in the stall so 
that the fore feet staud in it. Feed some liu 
seed once a day; one quart at least, steeped 
over-night iu hot water und given in the morn¬ 
ing. 
Tl, L. C., Charlton, Muss., asks whether 
seedling strawberry plants should lie put in 
the grouud this Fall or kept iu the cellar until 
Spring. 
Ans.—I f the plants are strong they will do 
better in the grouud, protected by a mulching 
of corn-stalks, evergreen houghs or straw. 
//. a. B., Washington, D. C!.~ 1 Does dry 
weather cause Hubbard Squashes to crack? 
2. What is the best cantaloupe for market 
and home use? 
Anb. 1. No. 2. Green Nutmeg and Hack¬ 
ensack are among the best. 
•/. F. H,, Clarkson , O .—Where can I get 
I’olled-Angus cattle? 
Ans —From Anderson & Findley', Lake 
Forest, Ill.; or Frank Redfield, Butavia.N.Y. 
■ • » » — ■ 
DISCUSSION. 
G. M. II., Rich Hill, Ohio.—I n the F. C. 
of October 11, R. M. again argues in support 
of the use of tobacco, making the following 
points: that what I had said against the 
weed in a previous issue was directed against 
the abuse not the use of it, and that strong 
things could be said against the abuse even of 
bread; that the abuse of the latter has pro¬ 
duced more evils than that of the former; that 
different opinions as to the sanitary effects of 
tobacco have always been prevalent among 
medical men, most of whom use it, thus testi¬ 
fying their approval of its use in moderation; 
that it is injurious mentally to weaklings only; 
that nothing that can he said ugaiust it will 
have any deterring effect on mankind; that 
because its use affords gratification to many, 
it should uot bo denounced; aud that although 
It is an expensive luxury, it should not, ou 
that account, be objected to, as the luxuries, 
or unnecessaries, of life have, and will always, 
cost more than the necessaries. The argu¬ 
ments here condensed are simply those com¬ 
monly used in excuse of ull sorts of social 
vices, either humorously by those who enjoy 
contradicting others, or seriously by those who 
wish to excuse some favorite indulgence of 
their own. Whatever force the arguments 
may have in favor of the use of tobacco, they 
have precisely the same force iu favor of seve¬ 
ral other indulgences confessedly pernicious 
and degrading. 
Any practice which confers no real benefit 
ou mankind, indulgence in which causes 
loss to its votaries and annoyance to others, 
and which is extremely liable to he abused to 
the injury of all addicted to it and of those 
connected with them, mast be justly denounc¬ 
ed as pernicious and objectionable, not only 
by moralists hut by every person who has the 
advancement of the human race and the hap¬ 
piness of his fellow men at heart. The use of 
tobacco is strictly a practice of this sort. 
Abuse of the greatest necessary of life is no 
excuse for even the use of such an unnecessary. 
Because a good practice is carried ^.occasional¬ 
ly to excess, that is absolutely no reason for 
indulgence in a had one. Moreover, the 
abuse of bread aud meat is very rare in com¬ 
parison with the use of them; whereas the 
case is the reverse with regard to tobacco. 
How many go disreputably clad and badly fed 
themselves, and allow those dopoudunt upon 
them to fare even worse, while they spend in 
tobacco and Its attendant, drink, wbut would 
respectably clothe aud comfortably feed all! 
The use of the weed by medical men is 
emphatically no proof of their approval of it 
professionally. In 999 coses out of 1,000 they 
had learned the habit before their studies and 
experience had convinced them of its evil ef¬ 
fects,and then they have continued the practice 
through force of habit, owing to carelessness 
or lack of sufficient resolution to break it off. 
Indeed, in every vocation in life there are 
to day thousands upon thousands of men who 
regret their slavery to tobacco, and who 
would never dream of beginning to use it 
now, could they resume their original condi¬ 
tion. 
It is the strong, mentally and physically, 
who are, as a rule, mast frequently injured by 
tobacco: iu the glory of their strength they 
are reckless in their indulgence, whereas the 
“weaklings” are forced to he cautious by 
their vory feebleness. Wimtl shall we uot 
cry out against evil because our words may 
have little effect on poor humanity! It was 
said of old, “Woe unto the world because of 
offences! for it must needs be that offences 
come; hut woe to that man by whom offence 
cometh.” Because the offence of using to¬ 
bacco has come and is likely to stay, shall we 
he silent with regard to it? Let each of us do 
his best to reform evils, and if Ills words find 
weight with only one soul in all the world, 
is ho not rewarded? Lot us look to the indi¬ 
vidual Ilian rather than to mankind, and our 
efforts will seem less puny. It bus been said 
that if the French Revolution, with all its 
horrors, taught no other lesson thau that one 
man’s rights begin only where those of an¬ 
other end, it would have been excusable; 
where, then, does any man’s right to use to¬ 
bacco begin in the presence of those to whom 
the use of it iu any form is distasteful? 
To say that men require more than the hare 
necessaries of life, is merely to say they have 
become civilized, and the higher the civiliza¬ 
tion the more uuuocussaries will he enjoyed; 
but these should he of a refined, elevating char¬ 
acter; is tlie use of tobacco of this kind? The 
extravagance of the world at lurge is the ex¬ 
cuse of the spendthrift and the improvident; 
hut with readers of the Rural I trust it will 
never be a reason l'or indulgence in such a 
filthy, expensive habit as the use of tobacco. 
It is to the young and tnoir guardians I ap¬ 
peal; the adults already addicted to the habit, 
are hardly likely to break it off, however 
reasonable they may consider argument or re¬ 
monstrance. I believe iu speaking strongly 
ou matters of principle, hut ugree with R. M., 
that one should speak courteously os well. In 
this, as iu other relations with eueti other, our 
motto should he, “Charity towards all anil 
malice towards none.” 
8. A. 8., Huhkardston, Mich.—S ome one 
has asked in the I, O, if there is no easier way 
of cutting runner* from strawberries than 
with the shears? Yes; here it is: take an old 
hoe to a blacksmith aud have the shank, or 
neck, straightened; then have the blade made 
rounding like a chopping knife; file or grind 
it sharp; put it.in a part of an old rake handle, 
and the tool is completed. Go aloDg the straw¬ 
berry row; stand as straight as you please, 
aud chop off the runners; then take the garden 
rake aud rake them off. 
H. 8. B., Wayland, U.—In the Farmers’ 
Club of {September 27th, an Iowa farmer is 
told how to raise potatoes. The method given 
may be best for the Rural’s locality, where 
land is high; hut out hero, in the Wide West, 
where we have lots of elbow-room, I think we 
have a better way. First plow the ground 
and mellow it up well with a spring drag; 
then take a single shovel plow, or anything 
tbut will make a deep mark, and mark one 
way three feet apart. Mark the other way 
with a common three or four-peg murker 
three feet apart; drop the seed, and cover it 
with the spring drag. As soon as tho plants 
begin to come up, go over them with the drag. 
Then use a double-shovel plow as often as 
necessary, and you will not need to take the 
hoe into the field. 
Communications Recbivsd fob thk week bndi*u 
Saturday, Oct. It. 
5l O. K.-J. K. K.-H. G.-B. V. J.-T. J. K.-Adtt M. 
I*., many thanks. R. u B., tbaulcu.-T. J.-.\t. R. r._ 
D, -<; U.—H. 1 J —H. K, A,, thanks.—M- H. 8.—W. L. D. 
— K. L. T.—J. G. L. — C. 8. K,—K.— ,T. S, V.—M. P, W _ 
J. H. H.-W. F. VV. E. n.-H. H.-L. o. M. S , grape, 
received, thank*.- t. IVck. for potato prlse.-W.C. 
IL—A H. McC.—T.H. II.,apples received.—H. F. J.— 
Mrs. E. R„ for potato prize.—J, T., thanks —£ T 
thanks.—B. F. .1 -W. R.-J. H. C.-H. L. L.-C - j p‘ 
W.-a. M.-F. T D.-E. W.-B. H. T.-F. L. P.-G.’ 
p - — Z. W. T.—g\ W. B., thanks.— E.A.P. 
-W. G.—C. W,-W. L. L.-J. B., thanks— W. I. 0,-iI. 
