{§34 
IHfc RU«al. REW-rORKkn. 
keep itself clean. The dust-bath should be 
close to a low window, so that the sun will 
shine directly upon it. A box sunk till its 
edges are level with the floor, will tempt, the 
fowls better than one on the floor, ns some 
fowls will not use it iu that position. 
Early pullets will lay about this tiuio, and 
it is well to observe which lay the earliest aud 
keep it up, so as to be able to select these as 
hens for breeding purposes. A very import¬ 
ant. thing to attend to is to see that no half- 
grown or stunted.sickly chickens are admitted 
into the houses with the flock, or they may 
communicate disease to the whole lot; better 
kill off ail sneb birds, even if you have to 
bury them. All broken windows or holes 
that will let in cold, should be promptly re¬ 
paired, so that ventilation can ho controlled 
by the proper arrangements. It is well also 
to see that the birds from different roosting 
places agree wheu put together for the first 
time. Those who have gone through tho 
annoyance of driving in n large flock of 
chickens to their houses in the Fall, can ap¬ 
preciate the trouble. It is best for a number 
of persons to surround them, drawing closer 
and closer to the house. The chickens should 
see their way, and learu to go in: if taken off 
the trees and carried iu, they do not learu 
their way, and the operation has to be re¬ 
peated a number of times before the birds will 
learn to go in of their own accord. 
purple clusters, all spreading on the ground 
about the roots of the vines. Some of the 
buuehes weighed as much as a-pound. They 
were very compact, us is tho habit of the 
Z in fan del, which is a better wine tbau table 
grape. We were informed that the yield was 
about two tons an acre, worth $30 a ton, and 
bringiug, ou that estimate, $1,300 for the first 
crop on the 30 acres. A mature vineyard, 
eight years old, on this ranch is now yielding 
at the rate of 13 tons of Ztnfandels per acre ; 
all without irrigation, and with ns little labor 
as raising Indian corn. 
This is not only the land of the vine and the 
fig, but its scenery is unsurpassed for beauty 
aud graudeur. On the homeward drive we 
saw a sight common enough here, one which 
nature never exhibits on less favored coasts. 
A fire raging iu the mountain, at some re¬ 
mote point, tinged the atmosphere with smoke, 
like Indian Summer. The sun, red as a cop¬ 
per b ill, was sinking in the West, and dart¬ 
ing lances of yellow rays through tho tree 
tops across the little valley. Distant peaks, 
half obscured by tho haze, seemed further 
away, where their dim forms melted into the 
sky as if an outlying region of paradise. 
Cloverdale. Cal. 
burr's seedling grape, no. 9. 
Mr. John’ Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas, 
has done much to improve grape culture. His 
Early Victor, which we illustrated last year 
John Burr’s Seedling from the Delaware. From Nature. Fig. 461. 
two or three cows are kept. A large flow of 
milk, when a cow is fresh, is very deceptive, 
and often leads to carrying an animal, which, 
really, in the course of the year, is a source of 
loss. There is no plan so safe ast.he daily rec¬ 
ord of weight of milk produced. This takes 
no appreciable time or labor, but it results iu 
showing absolutely what the cow gives in re¬ 
turn for the time she is fed, and how evenly 
she distributes the product through the year. 
To illustrate:—I have in mind a great, big 
common cow belonging to oeighbor Jenks—a 
four-year-old, with quite a reputation in the 
vicinity on account of large yield—and two 
little Jersey heifers in our own herd at Hough¬ 
ton Farm. Iu the former case, there is no ac¬ 
curate record, but I have a close estimate from 
the milker, aud nrn satisfied the "native'’ has 
been credited with all she produced. For the 
two heifers every milking was weighed, al¬ 
though tho October yield for No. 3 is an esti¬ 
mate. The three calved at different periods,as 
the record shows. Tho figures give the weight 
of milk per month from the three animals:— 
t. Native 
Cow. 4 Years. 
Second calf. 
Calved May 
12, 188:1. 
2. Jersey Heifer. 
2 Years. First Calf. 
Calved August IS. 
1883. 
3. Jersey Heifer. 
2 Years. First 
Calf. Calved De¬ 
cember 19, 18S3. 
Lb* 
Lbs 
Oz. 
Lbs. 
Oz. 
May.. 
mt 
Aug. 
124 
08 
Dec. 
152 
m 
.1 line. 
1.15) 
Sept .... 
4'W 
Oo 
Jan. 
OH 
oo 
July... 
8 0 
Oct. 
480 
01 
Feb .. .. 
544 
04 
AUK •• 
MM 
Nov. 
452 
12 
March... 
?48 
13 
Sept .. 
400 
Dec .. .. 
481 
13 
April.... 
501 
04 
Oct.... 
4 0 
Jan.. .. 
473 
12 
May.. ... 
540 
IK) 
Nov.. 
300 
Feb. 
417 
.Tuue .... 
544 
15 
Dec... 
281) 
March. . 
477 
July. 
525 
10 
Jan ... 
100 
April... 
441 
Ort 
UK. 
508 
00 
Feb ... 
Dry. 
May... ; 
4M 
il 
Rent. 
487 
;i 
March. 
Dry 
J uue .... 
472 
04 
Oct . 
400 
00 
April.. 
Dry 
July. 
402 
00 
Nov. 
Dry. 
00 
12 Mob. 
5,155 
12 Vlos. 
5,305 
Equal to 2,200 
quarts 
Equal to 2,397 
quart i. 
Equal to 2,493 
quarts. 
Next calf. 
Noxt calf 
Next calf, due 
Apru S>, lSSL 
AUK 20, 1881. 
Dec. 20, 188-1. 
Very little comment is needed. Although 
the native cow is a good one for her age, 
either of the others is better and would be, ev¬ 
en if they gave no more milk, simply because 
the product is so well distributed through the 
year. No. 1. was dry four months, and the 
four when it cost most to keep her. At mar¬ 
ket rates, for milk at wholesale, No. 3’s prod¬ 
uct was worth almost double that of No. 1. 
And I regard No 3, as a more valuable cow 
than No. 3., because, while giving less milk, 
the yield is no even and continuous; she did 
not dry before the second calf. 
This "holding out” iu milk is one of the 
greatest virtues of the Jersey cow, and a char¬ 
acteristic of the breed. This one point alone is 
enough to make the Jersey especially desir¬ 
able for the family cow; also for the pro¬ 
ducer of milk for sale, who desires a perman- 
entdairy with a uniform supply.ricb in quality. 
)t |3oulln} JJariJ. 
FALL WORK WITH POULTRY. 
HENRY HALES. 
On most farms, chickens as soon as they are 
old enough to leave their cbickenhood coops, 
take to trees, sheds, or auy where rather than 
to the poultry-houses. In most cases it is b jst 
that they make such selection for their health 
and comfort; but as soon as tho leaves fall, or 
the driving cold storms of Autumn sweep 
through the open sheds, it is time to get them 
into their warm winter houses. The first step 
towards preparing to winter the stock, is to see 
that the poultry-houses are all perfectly clean. 
All impurities that may have accumulated 
during the Summer, in corners or nests, wheu 
the houses are uot so much used, must be re 
moved. The bouses should be fumigated with 
sulphur and tobacco stems, burned indoors, 
while all openings and crevices are lightly 
stopped. Then a coat of whitewash, with a 
little carbolic, acid in it, should be applied to 
walls and to all boxes, nests, aud everything in 
the house, and the perches should be treated to 
a coat of benzine and carbolic acid. All this 
i* the work of time ; but it will pay well, for 
by these means the fowls will come into 
healthful quarters freed from vermin. With¬ 
out such preeau tions, heumi tes are s ure toafllic t 
the stock. Borne people call these pests lice, 
but they are of the mite family; are nocturnal, 
like bed-bugs, leaving the birds and taking to 
perches or woodwork of any kind iu daytime. 
The next thing is to see that the fowls have 
a dust-bath to keep their bodies free from lice, 
as these breed and keep on the fowls. The 
only way to keep or get rid of them, is to keep 
a good bath of sand and ashes—wood ashes 
when they can be procured— and the birds are 
only too glad to du their part to cleanse them¬ 
selves. There are many kinds of lice on fowls, 
some living entirely on the feathers; others on 
the bodies; some keepabout the heads; others 
only appear when dirt accumulates about the 
bodies. When a fowl gets sick, these parasites 
increase rapidly, principally because the bird 
relaxes that activity which is necessary to j 
&\)Z Vi net) art). 
THE VINTAGE IN CALIFORNIA. 
J. B. ARMSTRONG 
CA.LIFORNIA, once the Land of Gold, is still. 
the land of surprises: for, as the golden splen¬ 
dors begin to fade, its agricultural resources 
astonish us with magnificent yields of cereals, 
leading all other States in wheat as well as in 
wine, and being behind few in barley, wool, 
hops, and fiuit. 
It was with a view of reporting the condi¬ 
tion of a 20 acre vineyard, planted three years 
ago with Zinfandel cuttings (not rooted vines), 
that I drove out to Oak Valley during the 
present vintage. This is a charming nook, 
nearly surrounded with spurs of the Coast 
Range, aud opening into the Russian River 
bottom near Cloverdale, north of the Bay of 
San Francisco. Until a few years ago it was 
devoted to growing grains; but much of the 
ground has recently been planted to vines. 
The soil is sandy loam and gravel. The en¬ 
trance to the rauen is along an avenue of fine 
trees, past an orchard laden with apples, pears, 
plums, figs, and peaches, to tho new vineyard, 
where we found pickers gathering the grapes. 
The vines are eight feet apart, with canes a 
yard or so in length, bearing red leaves aud 
(page 637), as it becomes better known, is 
becoming quite popular. He has several 
other seedlings which promise well. In No¬ 
vember, 1883, ho sent us several, among others 
his No. 9—a seedling of the Delaware. This 
has done very well, but as yet has not fruited. 
Mr. Burr says: “It is very vigorous, healthy 
and productive, and has so far stood our 
severe Winters without protection.” On Bep 
tember 12th, last, we received a box contain¬ 
ing some clusters of No. 9, a medium specimen 
of which we illustrate (at Fig. 461). It is, in 
appearance, much like tho Delaware, only 
much lurger in berry; in color it is identical 
with a well-ripened Delaware. The quulity 
wasfine, juicy, melting and pure; there was 
little pulp, and that parted freely from the 
seeds; tne seeds wore few and quite small. 
We think this will prove a valuable addition 
to the already large list of really good table 
grapes, and a promising wine grape. 
ppmulogkai 
DWARF APPLES AND PEARS. 
WILLIAM FALCONER. 
The Alexander Apple.—I was pleased to 
see the figure of this handsome apple in the 
Rural of October 11. I hare several trees of 
734 
't here, all dwarfs and trained in as many 
different styles. All bore nice crops of fair 
fruit; but the flucst was borne on a low, hori¬ 
zontally trained, single-stemmed cordon. This 
tree bore only a few apples, but they were 
larger than the representation iu the Rural, 
“pretty ms a picture,” only surpassed in size 
by the Twenty-Ounce grown in the same way; 
but in beauty, symmetry and perfection iu 
form, they were excelled by no other apple iu 
our garden or orchard 
Training Dwarf Apple Trees.— In uo 
other garden in America, so far as I know, is 
the training of dwarf fruit trees to be seen iu 
greater variety or precision than here. The 
trees come into bearing early, and generally 
bear the finest of fruits of their kind, provid¬ 
ing they are well cared for. The trees of 
themselves are ornamental, and many of 
them can be accommodated in asuiall garden, 
where only two or three standards could find 
room. A “run-wild” dwarf tree, however, is 
a wretched object enough. But if your pri¬ 
mary wish is fruit, ami lots of it, with little 
trouble, then by all means plant standards. 
Dwarf Pear Trees.—I would say the 
same of pears, only that the pear ns a dwarf 
seems more at home than does the apple, aud 
often-timesdwarf pear trees bear heavy crops 
of fruit. Indeed, a self supporting, woll-bnl- 
uneed, thrifty dwarf pear tree has a far more 
sensible-looking appearance than a dwarf 
aPPlo tree has. But I say aguin, if it is lots of 
pears you want, grow standards. But I will 
uot say, that you can get larger or finer-ap¬ 
pearing fruits from the standard than from 
the dwarf, 
Kindh of Pears as Dwarfs.— Almost all 
sorts of pear trees may be grown as dwarfs. 
AngouKmie, Howell, Bose, Clairgnau, Louise 
Bonne, Anjou, Oitfafd, Diel.fiouvenirdu Con- 
gros, Clapp’s Favorite, Lucrative and Glout 
Morceuu, have borne heavy crops with us this 
your, Bouvenir du Cougrcs boro too many 
for its good. Our AngoulGmo had larger 
pears than I have seen auywhere else this 
year, but they were of poor quality. Howell 
was a sight worth seeing, a full crop of as 
clean, large ami finely finished fruit as one 
could wish to see. The thriftiest aud most 
beautiful specimen dwarf pear trees we have 
are of tho hlouiish Beauty,but, ulas! although 
they bear moderately, the fruit is perfectly 
worthless—blotched, gnarled crackl'd and ut¬ 
terly useless. And the same is the case with 
our standard trers of this variety. 
Queens Co., N. Y. 
A GOOD HOG HOUSE. 
The plans for a hog house which we show 
at Fig. 457, were sent us by M. F. Bragg, 
Seneca Co., N. Y. The dimensions of 
the house are: length and width 80x16 feet; 
bight of posts, 14 feet. The cut fully explains 
the details of the building. A. A. A. are 
Fig. 1, 
Pig Pen. Fig. 457. 
passage-ways leading into yards; B. B. are 
manure pits; C. C. C. are butments ; 
D. D. ventilators. No. 2. A. iu the main floor; 
B. passage-way between pens; C. C. C. pens; 
D. D. D., nests; E. slat floor over manure 
pits; F, feed troughs; H. H, doors leading 
into yard; I. swill barrels; J. K. L. groumd 
