774 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
NOV 45 
for t\)t Xjonnn;, 
CHEESE MAKING. 
wonder whether the Youth’s 
Column is ever invaded by 
communication! from children 
of mature growth. 1 mean by 
this, people whose hearts al¬ 
ways warm towards children 
and who lovo to talk with 
them, tell them good, sensible 
stories, and are ever ready and 
willing to answer their ques¬ 
tions. Do you know, my dear young folkB, 
how many questions you are apt to ask upon 
the subjects which interest you? and how 
difficult it is many times to give an answer? 
But this is not the kind of talk I intended to 
give when I a^ked permission to appear in 
these columns, and as I a to not supposed to 
hear the answer to my question, as I live so 
far from Uncle Murk, I guess I had better go 
ou, just the same us though I heard him say, 
“Yes, you are welcome.” 
I wonder how many who read this column 
ever saw cheese made? No doubt there are 
some w hose parents make enough for home 
use; but I mean thousands of pounds made at 
the same time? 
Well, I have first to make the confession 
that 1 was bom in a largo city, and have re¬ 
sided there ever since; also that 1 know little 
of the country, because I am not one of the 
fortunate ones who have relatives living on 
farms. But I have a few friends who do, aud 
to these 1 owe all I have enjoyed of the coun¬ 
try—and how 1 do love it! and the people, 
too, for they have proved themselves to be so 
kind and hospitable. 
How I have wandered from my subject! 
and now 1 really must stick to my text, else 1 
too will be condemned to the waste basket 
(or my letter will), because It is too long. 
I had the privilege this Hummer of visiting 
a friend who lives in n little village lying be 
tween two of the ranges of the Green Mount¬ 
ains. A beautiful spot it is, 1 assure you! 
Vermont is the State where they make good 
cheese -I was about to say the best cheese, 
but I am afraid some of the old farmer 
friends of the 1Utral will object if I do. so 
I ll say good cheese, which no one can deny. 
This friend owns a cheese factory, and the 
farmers of t hat section turn their milk into 
JL._n. of butter, or of sending it to 
the city for sale by the quart. Of course, to 
an unsophisticated city woman the process of 
cheese makiug was entirely new, and the in¬ 
vitation to come to the factory aud watch the 
men at work was eagerly accepted. 
At five o’clock the next moruiug I heard a 
great rattling of tin cans, and the sound was 
increased as the hills took it up and passed 
the echo from one to the other. I arose, 
dressed, and started across the lawn towards 
the factory. I saw a large tin can holding 
perhapj 40 gallons, standing ou a Fairbanks 
scale. Against the side of the factory hung a 
slate, upon which were the names of each 
man who brought milk. From his own cans 
he poured the milk into the large one, and 
weighed it., putting down the figures against 
his name ou the slate. Before any one else 
came, this milk was turned into a long, bright 
tin gutter, which carried it dowu into a tank 
on the ground floor of the factory. There are 
here two tanks, one holding 2,000 pounds of 
milk, and the other 1,500, The outside is 
made of wood, while the inside is tin, aud is 
smaller than the outside, and between the two 
are steam pipes, which are used to hrat the 
milk; and alter all the patrons have deposited 
their quota ot milk, one of these tanks (and 
in the good season when the cows yield their 
best, both tanks) will be full. Then the steam 
is turned on and the healing process begins. 
In a few minutes this great tauk of milk, so 
yellow with rich cream, for the laws of Ver¬ 
mont prohibit the making of skim milk 
cheese, commences to get warm; after a half- 
hour or so, when it reaches a certain degree 
of warmth, the rennet is put in and the heat 
increased to about 85' J (I think). When this 
is reached the steam is shut off, and as the 
milk cools the curd forms by the action of the 
rennet. At first it is one solid mass, but. they 
have a “cutter” made of wire, which looks 
like a wire meat broiler. This is passed up aud 
down through the curd. After a little while 
they Use another, which is finer aud sharper, 
running it the narrow wav of the tank, thereby 
cutting it into small squares. The curd being 
heavier than whey, sinus, which indicates that 
it is sufficiently cool. The water, or whey, is 
run off. leaving thecurd in the bottom. This is 
dipped out into a wooden trough, which is 
some 15 feet long and 20 inches deep. Salt is 
then worked all through this with the hands; 
it is hard work, requiring a full half hour, in 
order to have the salt distributed evenly. 
Now it is ready for the press, and nine dip¬ 
pers full of the curd are put in each press, 
which makes a cheese weighing 60 pounds. 
The heavy screw is then put on, which presses 
out every drop of whey, and pucks the curd 
firm and hard. After having been in the 
press 24 hours, the cheeses are taken out, 
carried up stairs, placed on tables, there to 
remain until they are ripe, which will be io 
about, three weeks That these are rich and 
delicious in flavor I can testify. I can also 
go further and say that it has not often been 
my good fortune to purchase cheese in my 
city that will compare with it. 
Now, Uncle Mark, please forgive me for 
sending so long a letter, but I hope I may 
have interested some of my nieces and 
nephews. Yours, cordially, 
AUNT CARRIE. 
JOHNNY AT THE FAIR. 
The County Fair has opened, and Johnny, 
with his carefully hoarded dimes and pennies 
in his pocket, and a generous supply given him 
by his father, is now going to the Agricultu¬ 
ral Fair alone to have a “jolly good time.” 
Upon entering the grounds he sees, painted in 
largo letters over the door of the building 
nearest the entrance, “Dairy Products.’ He 
thought of the old chum, and was going to 
pass by on the other side, when he chanced to 
see such lovely flowers that he went in. Splen¬ 
did looking fruit, vegetables and grain, de¬ 
lighted him, and he did not see a jar of butter, 
cheese, or any other article that could remind 
him of the hated chum. Passing out of this 
department, he heard the music of a hand- 
organ and drum, which filled bis soul with 
melody, while a whirligig with wooden horses 
took hiseye and dime; the next attraction was 
a dude with a number of canes placed perpen¬ 
dicularly in the ground, while he had a num¬ 
ber of rings for purchasers to toss over the 
canes for ten cents a throw. Johnny paid his 
dime, but failed to throw the ring over one. 
yet kept, persevering until he finally got aten- 
ceut. cane for fifty cents. He was wondering 
what to do with it, when an Indian in full cos¬ 
tume, with blue eyes and pug nose—one of 
the great Gullswindle tribe—approached him, 
saying he was u great medicine man, and had 
a certain remedy for corns, croup, consump¬ 
tion, and added slyly, credulity. Johnny 
thought the latter a uew disease, and told the 
Indian to take the cane and twenty cents and 
he would take a package of his remedy, which 
he thought a great bargain, as thus he was re¬ 
lieved of the cane. A bird sweetly singing 
drove all thoughts of Indians from his mind. 
He is quite a naturalist, and meant to find 
the new songster. Forcing his way through 
the crowd he presently saw the bird in a long 
linen duster and high silk hat, six feet tall, 
carrying a tray filled with whistles, and with 
a whistle in his mouth was warbling to the 
delight of the boys aud the disgust of the men. 
Johnny got one, “all for a dune,” and blew 
it until he came to a stand where be invested 
in peanuts, painted pop corn, pure English 
rock candy, and cream chocolates. Music by 
the baud made him stow away his stock of 
goodies in his capacious pockets and make a 
rush for the grand stand to see the horse- back 
race for boys. He paid a dime for a seat, and 
was pushed all the way, and squeezed like 
sardines in a box while there, yet the races 
were exciting, consequently, interesting. The 
races over, he followed the crowd, which lead 
by the “Temperance Restaurant.” Fine look¬ 
ing gentlemen call for the best “ginger ale,” 
drink, wipe their mouths curefully, take a 
cardimon seed from their vest pocket, or a 
cigar. Johuny called for sweet cider (made 
a year ago). He does not like it; the man of 
honor at the bar says he must drink wbat be 
pays for; and compelled, he drank it hastily. 
The temperance tipplers winked knowingly 
to see Johnny initiated. He soon felt sick, 
but a cup of very strong coffee enabled him 
to see more of the agricultural fair. A shoot¬ 
ing gallery was the next dime trap. John¬ 
ny is a good marksman aud invested 
successfully. He went to the jack¬ 
knife stand to “ throw ” for a kuife; 
after three attempts he got a five cent 
knife for thirty cents; the kuife man yell¬ 
ing, “ail for a dime,’ to attract more custom¬ 
ers. During a sudden shower, Johnny was 
driveu tor shelter into the Fine Art Hall. He 
was charmed with the many beautiful things, 
and was lookiug at seoll work, thinking he 
would imitate the pattern, butit wasall driven 
from his mind by the tap of the bell announc¬ 
ing auother race. The band was playing 
“Tramp, tramp, etc.,” and eager to see the 
race, the crowd kept step to the music. The 
racts over, Johnny bought u five cent cigar; 
he did not like it and traded it to a ragged 
urebiu for a cling-stoue peach. The band was 
now playing “Sweet Home,” and Johnny 
thought of his mother for the first time in all 
day; he wanted to buy her some Pampas 
plumes and a bouquet of everlastings, but he 
found he could only buy one plume. His 
pockets were filled with candy, peanuts, pop¬ 
corn, jack knives, a whistle, and the wonder¬ 
ful Indian remedy. Under bis arm was a 
large bundle of papers telling of the beauties 
of th“ far North west, of the sunny plains of 
Dakota and the vast fortunes to be made 
there. In his hand was a toy balloon and the 
Pampas plume. He was going home much 
wiser. But would it not have been much bet¬ 
ter if his father had gone with him and point¬ 
ed out the pit-falls? Teach the boys to be 
strong and resist temptatiou. Do not send 
them out alone as a prey to evil influences, 
under the assumed name of Agriculture. 
These evils ought to be eradicated as rank, 
poisonous weeds. They have no more right, 
to a place in an Agricultural Fair than the 
seeds of weeds and burrs have in a farmer’s 
granary. mary kdwood. 
-- 
NOTES BY UNCLE MARK. 
The nuts have ripened, and it is time to put 
away those 1 hat are to be planted next Spring; 
put them where they will neither dry out nor 
mold until planting time in the Spring. 
When the Cousins have become men and wo¬ 
men, the nuts planted by them now, if they 
grow, will be trees, and the Cousins will be 
richly repaid for the care they have given to 
the seeds and young trees. 
Put the flower garden in order if you have 
not done so already ; pull up the dead annuals, 
protect the biennials with evergreen boughs, 
and the rosebushes with a little straw tied 
about them. Let the snow find a neat, clean 
yard, and do not leave boards and sticks lying 
about to sink into the ground and freeze fast. 
See what eau bo done to make the walks 
good for the Winter and the muddy days next 
Spring. The men may be too busy to utteud 
to them; if the boys and girls can do some¬ 
thing to make them solid, it will pay to do it, 
to save all the home folks from muddy, un¬ 
comfortable feet. 
Pictures tell in the quickest, surest way 
many things that one person wishes to make 
plain to another; pictures and words together 
give an almost exact idea of many things to 
those who have never seen them. Look at 
good pictures rememberiug this; they are in¬ 
tended to teach as well as to please. 
Looking through the list of the members of 
the Y. H. C., I see the names of many who 
have not written to us lately. Haven’t you 
something interesting to tell us? The Cousins 
live iu a great many States, and we would 
enjoy letters from all of them. Each State 
has its own interesting crops, trees, climate, 
and beauties. Boys and girls in Canada, 
Florida, Washington Territory and Maine, 
aud all who live in the big tract of land be¬ 
tween, get out your pens and tell us about 
your homes! 
Ask your parents, if you do not know, what 
crops are grown iu your State that Cousins in 
other States have never seen, then write us a 
plain account of them; and don’t forget to re¬ 
port your work with the crops that yon all 
grow. You are all busy workers, 1 hope, aud 
our Department is the place to talk over all 
the crops, and learn what others are doing, 
aud the best ways of doing all your work. 
LETTERS FROM THE COUSINS. 
Dear Uncle Mark and Cousins:—I 
would like to join the club if I may. I have 
two brothers and one sister. I am nine years 
old. We have four cows and three young 
calves, seven little pups, six kittens, and 68 
chickens. I felt very glad when you sent me 
the flower seeds. Ma aud t were intending to 
have a flower garden with what few seeds we 
bad and were very glad when we got the seeds 
you so kindly sent us; we have a very nice 
flower garden now, there are Id beds. 1 al¬ 
ways get up in the morning and get break¬ 
fast, and Ma said she supposed when my flow¬ 
ers bloomed I would not do my work at all. 
Last Winter 1 finished a quilt that 1 made 
all myself; it had 1412 pieces in it. My little 
sister was a year and 6even months old this 
month; she is full of mischief aud likes to 
tease the little pups and kittens. My garden 
is in its beauty now; 1 have seven kinds of 
poppies aud some are not iu bloom yet. Did 
you send any rose seed? There are some little 
rose bushes in my flower garden, and I do not 
know whether they are wild or not. Yester¬ 
day, I had 68 open portalacas aud to-day I 
had 100 dwarf morning glories. Last Summer 
Ma killed a badger; she saw it run into its 
bole and she ran after it, caught it and pulled 
it out, and killed it with a club. 1 get break¬ 
fast aud dinner and wash the dishes three 
times a day and take care of my sister. I 
send you two flowers; please tell me their 
names. The cigar plant is very funny; 1 
have saved some seed from it. Your little 
niece. annie s. rourke. 
Manitoba, Can. 
[The roses in your garden are wild I think; 
the flowers for names did not reach me. Did 
you forget to put them in the letter? You are 
a very busy little girl and have written us a 
good letter. Do you have many wild animals 
in the country around your home? 
uncle mark.] 
Dear Uncle Mark:— My little brother 
and I would like to join the Horticultural 
Club if you would permit it. We received 
the Garden Treasures, and we tender you our 
many thanks for your kindness. Papa re¬ 
ceived the seeds too late to plant them. My 
brother aud I are going to try gardening. 
Which is the best way to grow strawberries, 
in the bill or matted row? Well, we will 
close, as we think our letter quite long 
enough: if it finds the waste-paper basket we 
will not lose patience, but will try to do 
better next time. We remain your affection¬ 
ate niece and nephew, 
NANNIE M. TITCHKNAL, 
JOHN K. TITCHENAL. 
Douglas Co., Wash. Ty. 
[Strawberry plants are ofteuest grown" in 
matted rows. They give the finest berries 
when grown to as to be kept free from weeds, 
and this can bt done when grown in either 
bills or rows. Try both ways, and write us 
of the results. uncle mark ] 
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