4884 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
783 
iBrerjr query must be accompanied by theuame 
and address of the writer to Insnre attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only n few questions 
at one time.] 
PEACH TREES ON POOR LAND, ETC. 
L. N., Elmer, N. J. —1. Taking oue year 
with another, which is more profitable, to 
sell pigs when six or sovou weeks old at $5 per 
pair, or to keep them and make pork of them ? 
2 . I can get marl at 45 cents per load, and 
can haul two loads per day; which will pay 
best, to do this or buy some good phosphate? 
3. Is there any chicken law' in New Jersey, if 
so. what is itf 4. 1 have a piece of new ground 
(very poor) which has never had any manure 
except 300 pounds H. C. Hock per acre, and I 
wish to plant it with peach trees for market. 
How should a man of limited means treat the 
land (now in rye stubble)? When should tho 
trees be planted; of what varieties and how 
old should they be? 
AN 8 .—1. We should think it would pey best 
to turn the pigs into pork, buying wheat- 
middlings and oil-meal and corn meal, feeding 
the pigs liberally on weeds and refuse from 
the house and gardpn, and carefully saving 
all the manure they make. 3. It all depends 
upon how efficacious the marl is when applied 
—some Now Jersey marls work wonders; 
others are of Ultle practical value; try them 
in a small way first. Tho liest marls coutain 
about 12 pounds of phosphate of lime and Hid 
pounds of potash per ton, and such as these 
should pa 3 ', at the price named, to drn w several 
miles, and would be a splendid peach tree 
manure. Try it. 8 , If it is meant to inquire 
as to the right of any one's chickens to tres¬ 
pass on another’s ground, we would say the 
owner of the chickens would be held for all 
damages 4. Situated where you are, it ought 
to pay to raise potatoes and other truck by 
the application of complete fertilizer, and 
while doing this the land should he made rich 
enough to grow peach trees. We can hardly 
advise a special course of treatment without 
seeing the land. In a general way, sow any¬ 
thing that can he got, to grow that may he 
plowed down for manure; it might pay to try 
cow peas. Also try tho marl. Plant, the trees 
in Spring, as early as possible; plant those 
only one year from the hud and those kinds 
most recommended by the peaeh-growers 
nearest you. as no "feller knows half so well 
as one who has tried.” 
BEANS. 
Writ. A. S., Newton Center, Mass. —1. What 
is the method of growing beans in Western 
New York? 2. What is the yield per acre? 
3 . Why dosome kindssell formore than others? 
Ans.— 1. The usual method of growing 
beans in W.-N.-Y. is to plow an old pasture 
or meadow early iu the Spring, following the 
plowing with thorough culture so as to iuduce 
as many weeds as possible to germinate, and 
to pulverize the surface as much as pos¬ 
sible. The beans are mostly sowed in rows 
30 inches apart; some are put in hills 15inches 
apart iu the rows with planters made espec¬ 
ially for the purpose, that plant two rows at 
a time, though some use hand corn-planters, 
and some ordinary grain drills. After the 
vines are up, the cultivator is run through 
them often, and good farmers hoe once. When 
the beans are ripe, the vines are mostly 
pulled by baud, and four rows are placed in 
one row of piles; some machines are used that 
cut the vines off just below the surface. 
After curing a few days, they are drawn and 
mostly stored in mows till Winter, when they 
are thrashed, largely with thrashers made on 
purpose. Some, however, still use the flail, or 
tread them out with horses. Beans are usual¬ 
ly planted sufficiently early to be removed 
and the ground sown in winter wheat. 2. The 
yield varies from 12 to 30 bushels per acre, 
much depending on the soil and season, and 
much more on cultivation. 3. The price at 
which beaus sell defiends very much upon the 
supply aud demaud for the particular kind. 
There is a staple demand for about "so much’i 
of any particular variety, and when that varie¬ 
ty happens to be iu scanty supply, the price 
increases largely and that causes bean raisers 
to rush into growing that particular kind, 
nearly always resulting in a glut and a very 
low price. Besides this, it is a fact that some 
sorts yield more than others, and some sorts 
are more liable to injury from unfavorable 
weather. All these things combine to make 
prices higher or lower for any particular sort. 
ALDEKNKYS AND JERSEYS, ETC. 
II. P., Altoona, Pa. —1. Where can I get a 
binder for Rural and at what price? 2 . What « 
is a good work on horse and cattle breeding? 
3. Is there any difference between Alderueys 
and Jerseys? 4. What isa good stock paper be¬ 
side the Rural? 5. What sort of a paper is 
the Canadian Stock Raiser's Journal, pub¬ 
lished at Hamilton, Canada? 
Ans. —1. From Russell Bros., 17 Rose St., 
New York; price 81.50. 2. The best 
we know of is Stock Breeding, by Manly 
Miles, $1.50, published by D. Appleton & Co., 
N. Y. City. 8 As the words are used in this 
country at present, there is no difference, as 
both terms are applied to cattle from the 
island of Jersey or their descendants. Alder¬ 
ney is the largest of the Northern group of 
Channel Islands, the two others being Bur- 
hou and Casquets. It has au area of only 
about four square miles, and some of this is 
too rough for grazing. Very few cattle have 
ever been exported from it, potatoes being the 
principal export, and wheat, too, is pretty ex¬ 
tensively grown. The harbor of Alderney is 
20 northeast from St. Peter Post, Guernsey, 
and 45 miles due north from St. Heleus, 
Jersey. This is the largest and most import¬ 
ant of all the Channel Islauds, having an area 
of 45 square miles, against 25 square miles in 
Guernsey. Many more cattle have been ex¬ 
ported from it thau from Guernsey and Alder¬ 
ney combined. The Guernsey cattle have a 
Herd Book of their own ; and as the real 
Alderney cattle resemble them more closely 
thru they resemble the Jerseys, u kind of a 
supplement or appendage to the Guernsey 
Herd Book is to contain records of Alderney 
cattle. It is thought that the name Alderney 
was first applied to Jerseys because the vessels 
transporting them to England, touched last at 
Alderney, and hence ihe name was erroneous 
ly bestowed on the stock they carried, and the 
error has come down to our day. 4 The 
Breeder’s Gazette, weekly,82; and the National 
Live Stock Journal, monthly, 82 15 ; both 
published at Chicago, 111. 5. There is uo 
such paper. 
SHRUBS ALONG A DRIVE-WAY. 
A. /?.✓ Vinden, III .—What plants would be 
suitable along a woven wire fence beside a 
drive way from the road to the house? They 
should lie able to stand the Winter, and such 
as I could keep cut back to a hight of three or 
four feet. 
Ans. —Viburnum plica turn, V. lantanoides; 
Hydrangea paniculate grandiflora, H. hor- 
tensis; Pavia maerostachyu; Ligustrum ova- 
lifolium, or so-called California Privet; Stu- 
artia pentagyna, Cydouia Japonicft, or Japan 
Quinces in variety; Chionanthus Virginia; 
Hypericum Kalmianum; an assortment of 
Bpirams, including 8 prunifolla, the Golden 
Ninebark, S. Thurnbergii. salicifoliu, ulmifo- 
lia, Nobleana, Reevosii and callosa; Weigelas 
in variety: Deutzias; Exochorda grandiflora; 
Cere is Japonica, Forsytbia viridissima; Hi¬ 
biscus Syriacus in variety, including the varie¬ 
gated kind; Purple-leaved Barberry; Prunus 
triloba; Primus Pissardii; Kerria Japouiea 
var. Many of these would grow too large for 
our friend’s purpose. But they may be cut 
back. 
FLOOR OF HORSE STABLE. 
E. P.,London Grove, Pa.- 1. What is the best 
material for the floor of a horse stable? 2. 
How should the floor he arranged with refer¬ 
ence to the comfort of the horse and an eco¬ 
nomical saving of manure? 3. Could you give 
in the Rural a plan of stable and carriage- 
house, with directions for construction? 
Ans. —l. The best of all floors for a horse 
stable is good stiff clay and gravel, mixed in 
the proportion of half-and-half. Mix both 
intimately, and wet the mixture to the con¬ 
sistency of soft putty, and put in at least eight 
inches of it, two iacbes at a time, pounding 
down each layer solid and hard, with a heavy 
beetle. (It cannot be injured by pounding.) 
After standing till thoroughly hardened, it 
will he about as firm as a rock, aud still moist 
and cool. A very good floor can also be made 
of anthracite coal ashes: or even a good loam 
makes a very good floor. Of course.plauks may 
be used, but they are far from being the best. 
2. The floor should be nearly level, say de¬ 
scending two or tbreo inches toward the back 
part of stall, and should be well bedded with 
btraw or Baw-dust, moss, peat, or some other 
absorbent, and should be thoroughly cleaned 
out every day. If not kept well bedded, the 
horses are apt to paw or stamp holes in dirt 
floors, and these should be kept well filled up 
with the same material of which the floor is 
made. 3. We have given several during the 
past year, but will soon give another, con¬ 
structed of bricks, and very conveniently ar¬ 
ranged. 
TREATMENT OF CIONS. 
E. K. T., Burlington, Kansas .—I. When 
should cions be cut and seedlings dug for winter 
root grafting; and how should they be cared 
for? 2. When but a limited number are to be 
used, would it be tetter to leave them till nearly 
Spring before working? 
Ans.—I. Cions should be cut before severe 
freezing, aud the best way to keep them is to 
pack them in spaghuum (moss) if you have 
it; if not, they may be wrapped in cloth and 
buried in sand in a cellar or anywhere away 
from frost, and where they will be accessible 
when wanted. The wrapping is to keep them 
free from grit. The seedlings should lie dug 
and packed in the sumo way, so they will not 
heat or grow, and will remain plump 2. It 
is much better to work them early, packing 
them in plenty of sand and putting them in 
some place secure from frost. Often they will 
unite by granulation before planting time. 
Miscellaneous. 
H. C. O., Cheatertovm, N. Y. —1. In prepar¬ 
ing for corn a piece of meadow land,in which 
the white grubs have eaten nearly all the 
grass roots, would it be better to sow a fertilizer 
this Fall and plow it in, or plow this Fall and 
sow the fertilizer in the Spring, harrowing it 
in just before corn planting? 2. What is the 
value of a fertilizer with this analysis: Avail¬ 
able phosphoric acid, four to five per cent.; 
potash (iu form of sulphate), eight to ten per 
cent.; ammonia, four to five percent? 
Anh,— 1. We should advise plowing ibis 
Fall, and plowing uguin in Spring Apply 
the fertilizer iu tho Spring shortly before 
planting, and harrow or cultivate it thorough¬ 
ly into the surface, 2. A ton of such fertilizer 
would coutaiu au average of 90 pounds of 
phosphoric acid worth, 80; 180 pounds of pot¬ 
ash sulphate, worth 2% cents per pound, or 
84.05; 00 pounds of ammonia, worth $16.20; 
making the whole value of 829.25. If the 
potash percentage Is the actual potash con¬ 
tained, the ton would cost 84.95 more, or 
834 20 altogether. In this fertilizer there is 
too much ammonia and too little phosphoric 
acid for most crops. 
C. II. /?., Harnett, Pa. —1. Can a young 
man with a few hundred dollars do well along 
the line of the C. ami N. W. It. R. in Dakota? 
2. What is the character of the soil, climate, 
etc. 1 8. Is Dakota likely to suffer from grass 
hoppers like Kausas? 
Ans. —The success of a young man in 
Dakota—or indoed anywhere else—will depend 
more on tho contents of his head and heart than 
on those of his pocket. Young men with 
little or no money have done well there; why 
shouldn’t one "with a few hundred dollars” 
lie equally successful? 2. The character of 
the soil varies considerably; hut the land Is 
generally prairie, and fertile, The climate is 
extremely cold in Winter, and the Winter ex¬ 
tends over six months out of the 12, A fair 
idea of the country can be obtained by read¬ 
ing the letters about it that have appeared iu 
the Rural during the past year. 3. No. 
T. IJ., Peterboro, Ont., f Canada.—In a late 
Rural Smiths <fc Powell give some milk 
records of Holland cattle; are they fair speci¬ 
mens of the records of the breed ? Ho w would 
these cows compare with other breeds for 
butter aud in price? 
Ans.— The herd of Smiths & Powell is an 
excellent oue, and the milk records they give 
are no doubt quite correct, und are fair speci¬ 
mens of the yield of the best Holland cows. 
These are good butter cows also, though iu 
this line their records aie not so extraordinary 
as those of some Jerseys. They are quite as 
hardy as any of the other dairy breeds, ex¬ 
cept, perhaps, the Ayrshire. The price* are 
as low as those for any other cows of equal 
merits. 
J. A. M., OilbertKiiille, N. Y. —What are the 
analyses of turnips and carrots? 
Anb.— Wolff’s analysis of turnips is as fol¬ 
lows;—Water, 92 per cent.; organic matter, 
7.2 percent.; ash, 0.8 per cent.: percentage 
of nutriment containing nitrogen, 1.1; nutri¬ 
ment not containing nitrogen, 5.1; woody 
fiber, 1.0; total nutriment, 0.2: fat, 0.1; phos¬ 
phoric acid, 0.8; lime, 0.06. His analysis of 
carrots is as follows:—Water, 85 per cent.; 
organic matter, 14 per cent.; ash, 1 per 
cent.: percentage of nutriment containing 
nitrogen, 15; nutriment not containing nitro¬ 
gen, 10.8; wooily fiber, 1.7; total nutriment, 
12.3: fat, 0.02; phosphoric acid, 0.08; lime 
0.08. 
E. R , Niles, Mich. —If a man rents an 
orchard to plant to corn, can he hold the tame 
share of the fruit in the Fall, if the crop of 
corn is not harvested before the time to pick 
the fruit? 
Ans. —From the form of the question we 
Buppose the corn was to be grown "on »hares,” 
the landlord taking a certain proportion for 
rent of the land. All agreements of this sort 
should be in writing, and the tenant here has 
no claim whatever to any part of the fruit, 
unless the agreement specifically gives it to 
him. 
E. E. W., Cherokee, Iowa.— Where can a 
Kindergarten book be obtained, and what is 
the price? 
Ans.— Send to E. Steiger and Co., 25 Park 
Place, New York City, inclosing a stamp, 
and they will send you their catalogue of 
books and materials. 
G. C. M., Middleton, Nova Scotia. —1. I wish 
a stone curbing for a sidewalk, can it be 
made of concrete, b>’ making a mold aud 
casting it into position? 2. Where can I pro¬ 
cure a machine for cutting the thin stuff from 
which berry boxes are made? 
Ans. —1. There are those who make artificial 
stone from saud and cement, hut we thiuk it 
all fails if exposed to the action of both frost 
and moisture. Can anyone who has In 1 ex¬ 
perience with such stone tell us how ii turns 
out? 2. We think the machine wanted can lie 
purchased of ,J. W. Mu tinier, Rechester, N. 
Y., or of I. F. Merritt, Lockport, N. Y. 
M. A. C , Ladona, la. - Is there any circu¬ 
lar or pamphlet on silk culture? 
ANS.—Yes. there are several. A good one 
has been published by the Department of Ag¬ 
riculture, which can bo obtained gratis, 
through the Congressman for your district. 
Others can be obtained from the Bilk Asso¬ 
ciation of America, New York City; or of the 
Womau’sSilk Culture Association, Peoria, 111. 
See article in last week’s Rural, puge 770. 
C. II., Gallatin, Tenn.— Wbufc is a good 
work on the rearing aud uiunagement of 
pheasants ? 
Anh. —We do not know of any American 
work on the subject. Tegetnieyer has written 
a standard work on phousunts iu England, 
which can te obtained through Brentano, 
Union Square, N. Y., or any other dealer in 
foreign books 
U. It G„ Camden, Minn., sends a plant 
for name. 
Anb.- It is Bmilax rotuudifolia—common 
Green briar. 
,/. B. G., Georgetown, Canada. —What is 
tho address of Ellwunger & Barry? 
Ans. —Hochester, N. Y. 
P. N. C., Hampden, Sidney, Va .,—sends 
us wheat for name. 
Anb. —This is the Hurpriso also. It varied 
with us in a similar manner. 
To Inquirers.—I n spite of the standing 
notice ut the head of this department, many 
persons send questions to be answered signing 
no name, or a fleititious one. While we do 
not give the name, we do require it to accom¬ 
pany the question, us u guarantee of good 
faibli. Few people are aware of the labor or 
expense involved iu the Farmers’ Club. It is 
a feature that is all our own, and we spare no 
time, money, or labor, to secure the most 
accurate and earliest answers possible, and 
while, as a matter of course, a few letters get 
overlooked or mislaid, niuc-toutbs of the un¬ 
answered questions remain so beeuuso they 
are not accompanied by the name of the send¬ 
er. While we do not agree to answer ques¬ 
tions for persons not subscribers, we always 
do so whore it does riot involve too much ex¬ 
pense or time, but we do insist that all ques¬ 
tions to be noticed must be vouched for by the 
sender’s name. 
- ♦ » ■ » 
DISCUSSION. 
H. L. W., Tarrytown, N. Y.—B. F. John¬ 
son, in accounting for the difference between 
the character of contagious plouro-pueumonia 
on this and the other side of the Atluntic, says, 
on the authority of a " French breeder," that 
iu England cattle and even the test stock 
during the Winter move and sleep iu mud, 
mire and manure up to their knees generally, 
and frequently up to their bellies, and, nat¬ 
urally enough, he attributes much of the viru¬ 
lence of the disease there to the environments 
of the unimals. That " French breeder,” 
with the love of sensation characteristic of 
his nationality and the love of exaggeration 
iunate iu Frenchmen when speaking of their 
Insular neighbors, must have greatly over¬ 
stated the wretchedness of the conditions of 
English stock iu Winter. I lived years in Eng¬ 
land. and have seen cattle in all parts of the 
country at every season, and never did I see 
them in such a miserable plight as that here 
pithily depicted. Owing to the mildness of the 
climate cattle are not confined in stables us 
much there as here in Winter, and they wander 
a good deal round the yard, which is generally 
covered with manure; but this is far from 
being in the condition of mud or mire; and 
the beasts generally are as clean there as they 
are here. The arctic rigors of Winter here 
as well as the torrid heats of Summer may 
have a good deal of Influence in modifying tho 
severity of pleuro-pneumonia; but 1 do not 
think the environmeuts of cattle have any 
influence in that direction. 
COMMUNICATIONS KKCBIVICD FOB TUB WJtKK ENDING 
SATUItUAY, NOV. 15. 
A. 8. D., thanks.— C. anil B.— J. C. P.—J. T.— Yes, 
thunks. -K, H. H -K. C. B., for potato prUe.-C. T.— 
M. W. F —J. B K, T.—T. B. II., for potato premium. 
— W, J.—W. Y. 0. S. S., the reason whv certain 
small fruits are hardy iti Canada amt not at the Rural 
Grounds,Is that in the former country they are pro¬ 
tected by snow. W. L. R., the Welcome Oats are 
eurly ami prolific. They are known under three or 
four dltteruut uumes. notably Auitrallan.-C. 3. P.— 
H S.-T. T. L.—O. T.—C. W. C\, for potato premium.— 
j, P. 0.—A.B.,for potato premium.—E. A. P.—D. Z. 
h. tor potato premium.—P. N. (?. 
