4834 
THE RURAL WEW-YOBKER 
844 
top bar to the bottom bar, and the frame re¬ 
versed. The wire nail is pushed into a hole 
previously made in the ends of the top and 
bottom bars of the frame, and, of course, 
holds the Iron securely so it cannot turn till 
the nail is removed. I have used all three 
styles with success. 
Michigan Agricultural College. 
P O1U0 lugicftl 
NOTES ON A NORTHERN ORCHARD. 
J. H. HOSKINS, M. D. 
The following is a continuation of last 
week’s notes on the hardy apples, such as are 
green, more or less covered with dull red in 
splashes and streaks. Stem slender, about 
five eighths of an inch long, placed in a very 
small and quite shallow cavity; calyx large, 
closed and in an irregular shallow basin. 1 
think it will prove amoug the most valuable 
of the iron clad Russians of its season? 
McIntosh Red. From Nature. Fig. 506. 
grown in Northern Vermout and the Province 
of Quebec. 
McIntosh Red is a new Canadian apple, 
and will prove, I think, a valuable acquisition 
in localities where it does not spot. It is pro¬ 
ductive, bears quite young, is nearly us bardy 
as Famouse. The fruit, Fig. 506, is as large 
as the Baldwin. It is (lark-red in color, with 
a heavy blue bloom. The stem is about seven- 
eighths of an inch long, rather slender, placed 
in a shallow, slightly irregular cavity; calyx 
small, nearly closed and in a shallow basin. 
In quality it is “beat.” It keeps about as well 
as the Wealthy—the farther North it is grown 
the longer it keeps. It is kept all Winter on 
the upper St. Lawrence where it originated. 
With me it spots audcracks badly on young 
trees, but in other places I hear it grows fair. 
Fig 507 shows a cross-section, and core and 
seed structure. 
Bourahsa is a Canadian fall russet with a 
rich-red cheek; when growu in perfection, it 
is one of the very best dessert apples with 
which I am acquainted, In protected spots 
and town gardens the tree does well, but is 
not healthy or productive in exposed situa¬ 
tions. Fruit small to medium. In hardiness 
it is below Fameuse. With me it succeeds 
best top grafted, but is not valuable except 
for house use. (Downing, p. 104.) 
Golden White is one of the “iron-clad’’ 
Russians; No. 078 of the list of Russian apples 
imported by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture in 
1870. My one tree, grown from a cion re¬ 
ceived then and root-grafted, bore its first 
PEAR CULTURE IN WESTERN 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
Blight, that much-dreaded enemy to suc¬ 
cessful pear culture, has, with me, for the 
last five years been completely checkmated. 
I attribute my immunity from its ravages to 
the free use of unleaehcd wood-ashes during 
Winter and Spring, say about one bushel to 
20-year trees, and three or four quarts to trees 
three to five years 
old. The ashes are 
scattered around un¬ 
der the extremities 
of the limbs. Except 
a Duchcsse and a 
Bartlett, which stand 
in an Orchard-Grass 
sod, my trees have no 
other cultivation 
thau a plowing in 
Spring, Some are 
dwarfs, which had a 
top-dressing of salt a 
year ago. I have in 
cultivation the fol¬ 
lowing kinds; Dueh- 
esse, Bartlett, Clair- 
geau, Belle Lucrative, 
Howell, BufFum, An¬ 
jou, Socket, Easter 
Beurre, 8 u p e r fi n, 
Lawrence, St. Mich¬ 
ael Archange,Clapp’s 
Favorite, Souvenir 
du Cougres, Le 
Conte, Kieffer and Dearborn. They have 
been entirely free from blight the last four 
years—soil, a gravelly loam, on deep red clay. 
An Angouleme, 20 years old, has not failed 
abundantly this year, the fruit selling readily 
in market at #2 per basket, and some higher, 
while good Lawrences sold at $L Selected 
specimens of Kieffers brought $5 per bushel; 
some of thorn weighed 17 ounces, and 
measured over one foot in circumference. I 
place great importance on our mode of trim¬ 
ming downwards, instead of upwards, for all 
upright-growing pear trees, such as the Law- 
son, Early Harvest. Le Conte and Kieffer, 
which incline upwards, like poplars, but by 
cuttiug the tops back they may be trained 
more like a round headed apple tree. 
Nobody knows whether 
the Bartlett, Kieffer or 
Lawrence is cross bred or 
natural, and nobody 
cares. Now that we have 
those three valuable va¬ 
rieties, so well adapted to 
our climate, each one will 
take position and be more 
or less planted according 
to the profit it yields the 
grower. Many persons 
who now can see the 
beautiful growth, great 
productiveness and profit 
of the KlefTer Fear, sur¬ 
passing any other with 
which we are acquainted, 
ripening at this sea¬ 
son of the year, deeply 
regret they had not 
planted some sooner. 
Last week a geutleman > 
was here who purchased 
5,000 Kieffer pear trees, 
and he expressed regret 
that he had not invested 
in them earlier. 
This week I visited 
the fruit farm of J. D. 
Hylton. Camden Co., N. .T,, where is now 
growing a thrifty orchard of 5,800 Kieffers, 
and several hundred Garber Seedlings and Le 
Contes, all planted within three yours, and 30 
by remarked, “ What a pity the Kieffer is not 
as good as it is beautiful 1” Its size and color 
could not he improved—such a flue goldeu 
yellow, beautifully specked with innumerable 
russet dots, and the sunny side colored as 
with the first rays of the morning sun. There 
is certainly no fruit more beautiful; but its 
quality is—to say the most we can for it— 
well, poor, nud when it becomes known, we 
fear those who are now planting, if they ex¬ 
pect to realize those exceptional prices, will 
be disappointed.—E ds.] 
- - ' 
\j 
V SJ 1 
1 ; 
-a; 
m 
Golden White. From Nature. Fig. 508. 
A NEW SEEDLING FEACn. 
Wo show, at Fig. 490, a peach sent us by P 
B. Martin, Blairstown, N. .T. Ho writes us : 
“It is a seedling; very late—from Nov. 1 to 8; 
an abundant bearer every year; of largo size; 
frost proof; when picked the fruit was un¬ 
harmed, although the ground bad frozen hard 
enough to boar n heavy wagon.” It was of a 
handsome lemon color, fuiutly shaded ou the 
sunny side. Flesh yellowish-white, quite firm 
and sweet, and with a peculiar, uot unpleasant 
llavor. It adhered quite firmly to the pit, 
which was not large. It was received about 
Nov 1st, uud was in Hue order. Of course, it 
is not of value except lu localities with very 
long seasons. 
New Seedling Peach. From Nature. Fig 510. 
McIntosh Red. Sectional View. Fig. 507. 
full crop this year. The tree is an unusually 
thrifty aud strong grower; the fruit large and 
well distributed over the tree. It promises 
to be very productive. The same variety, 
without name, wa3 exhibited at the Montreal 
Horticultural Society's Show in 1882, by Mr. 
R. Brodie, who speaks well of it as a useful 
apple of its season—late Fall. Fig. 508 shows 
the perfect apple; Fig. 500, a cross-section, etc. 
Its form is irregular, roundish; color pale 
of a crop since it began to bear. I have had 
specimens that weighed over one pound each. 
It is the most reliable pear 1 have yet fruited, 
some of the above-named not having yet 
borne. Le Conte is much larg¬ 
er and of better quality than 
I expected; it ia nearly molt¬ 
ing; very juicy and tolerably 
sweet, with a peculiar but 
pleasant flavor. One speci¬ 
men weighad 13 ounces. It 
commences to bear in the third 
year—altogether a good pear, 
and worthy of extensive plant¬ 
ing in the South. I have fruit¬ 
ed the Kieffer two seasons. It 
is large, of beautiful appear¬ 
ance—a light orange, with oc¬ 
casionally a bright red check 
—but in quality it is utterly 
worthless; the most beautiful 
and most worthless pear I ever 
saw. 
My soil is peculiarly ad 
apted to pear culture, yet pro¬ 
duces very flue apples, peach¬ 
es, plums and grapes. 1 have 
trees of Dearborn known to 
be more than 60 years old, that bore large 
crops of delicious pears this year. 
Edgefield, S. C. r. h. m. 
THE KIEFFER PEAR. 
Our young orchard of 25 acres of standard 
Kieffer pear trees, that were severely pruned 
or headed back last Winter, has yielded 
bushels of handsome fruit worn gathered this 
Fall. About one mile further ou is another 
orchard of Kieffer Pears, said to contain 60 
acres, and several smaller ones 
in the neighborhood all look 
well and are commencing to 
bear fruit. One of the most 
extensive pear-growers in the 
vicinity of Philadelphia, who 
has exhibited as many as 300 
varieties of pears at one time 
at our horticultural fair, grew 
200 bushels Kieffer pears last 
year, and more this year, and 
pronounces them the most pro¬ 
fitable variety. 
In West New Jersey we con¬ 
sider the new race of pears, 
called Oriental , a god-send 
for our poor, sandy soil, which 
is not well adapted to growing 
the old varieties; but the new 
race of Orientals grow thrift¬ 
ily, boar abundantly when 
young, and sell well in mar¬ 
ket. While Bartlettsand Law¬ 
rence are being planted by 
teus and hundreds, Kieffers 
and Le Contes are planted by 
hundreds and thousands, which shows the esti¬ 
mation in which the several sorts are held by 
those who grow them for profit. We send a 
few specimens of Kieffer pears to be tested. 
Burlington Co., N. J. william parry. 
SOME ILLUSTRATED DESIGNS FOR 
THE MAKING OF FENCES. 
E. b. brock. 
There is hardly anything of more import¬ 
ance to the farmer than good fences. It is 
improbable that the systems of fencing now 
in us©, will ever bo materially changed. On 
every farm there is use for more or less fenc¬ 
ing that can be easily moved from field to 
field, as needed. In this wuy much pasture 
can be utilized that would otherwise go to 
waste, and instead of many fences being re¬ 
quired to remain idle much of the year, these 
[Remarks; —The box came to hand contain¬ 
ing 15 pears, whose aggregate weight was 
135% ounces, or an average of 9 1-6 ounces, 
and as we opened the box a person standing 
Golden White. Sectional View. Fig. 509. 
portable fences can be moved as wanted, and 
be kept constantly employed. Tn this article 
I propose to illustrate aud describe some 
that have been patented by ingenious farm¬ 
ers, but the patents on which have now ex¬ 
pired, and consequently the fences can be 
used by anyone, as desired. 
The construction devised by John W. Blod¬ 
gett, (see Fig. 502) exhibits a portable board 
fence composed of a series of panels which are 
