Vol. XLIII. No. 1820 
NEW YORK, DECEMBER 13, 1884 
PRICE ElVE CENTB 
12.00 PER YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year lHI. by the Rural New-Yorker In the offlco of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.) 
,p ont o logica l 
Strcl)itccturc. 
AN EXCELLENT HORSE BARN. 
so that a horse or team and wagon can l>e 
driven in and the doors be shut, oven though 
other wagons are in the room already. A 
pulley is placed over the position for the pole 
or thilla on each wagon, and through this 
pulley runs a rope, a noose in the end of which 
is attached to the pole or thills, and by pulling 
on the other end of tho rope which runs over 
a second pulley by the side of the room, the 
pole or thills are drawn up and held out of 
the way. C is the stable, which affords am¬ 
ple accomodation for four horns. Tho stalls, 
L L L L are 13 feet four inches, M M M M 
are the feed boxes in the mangers. These 
mangers are made of two-inch pine plank; 
the bottom is 12 inches wide; the front, 10 
inches, and this is put up leaning two inches 
forward. The pieces formiug the feed boxes 
are also two inch plank, and the upper edge of 
all these is protected by two-inch band iron, 
fastened on by heavy two-inch screws at in¬ 
tervals of one foot, tho holes being counter¬ 
sunk so as to let the beads of the screws down 
flush with the surface. In the end of each 
manger, opposite the graiu box, is the hay 
chute coming down from the floor above, hav¬ 
THE CHINESE PEARH. 
raov. J. L. Buun. 
E have recently been 
asked by several corres¬ 
pondents for a plan of 
a good, plain, substan¬ 
tial horse barn, large 
enough for a common¬ 
sized farm, conveniently 
arranged and handy. 
We have given a num¬ 
ber of different plans 
during the past year, 
each haviug some spec¬ 
ial merit. We this week 
give a design of another 
building, which we think 
very convenient, and which is substantial and 
warm in Winter while cool in Summer, being 
built of brick with a hollow wall. When 
bricks cau be bought at from $3.50 to $5 per 
thousand, and lumber is worth #25 or more, 
there is not a great difference in the Hrst cost, 
and in the end the brick barn is much t he cheap¬ 
er. This burn is 28 by 30 feet outside, and as the 
walls are 10 inches thick, it is 20 feet four 
inches in width by 84 feet four inches in length. 
The walls are the width of t.wo bricks and of 
the two-inch hollow space between them, and 
both are tied together every fifth course with 
pieces of sheet iron laid in the brick; for an 
ordinarily windy country, this wall is strong 
enough; at least the burn hero shown was thus 
built some six years ago and stands so far per¬ 
fectly. It is 18 feet above grouud, the lower 
story being nine feet in tho clear. The roof is 
one quarter pitch and is surmounted with a 
cupola. The perspective is shown at Fig. 511. 
Tne center lower door is one foot wider than 
the otto next to the end; and directly above 
this center door is the hay door in the loft. 
This is used for taking in hay and straw; also 
for hauling up oats and bran for storage in 
the bins, as shown, and also for the admission 
of a cutter for storage iu Summer if so de¬ 
sired, and for the purpose of liftingthe.se, a 
beam for a pulley projects out above the door, 
as shown iu the perspective. 
At Fig. 512 are the plans of floor and mow: A 
a spout leading through the floor into a drain 
underneath. 
The loft, or storage room, is shown iu Fig. 
512. J J J are the hay chutes leading to the 
mangers below. These should be 14 inches 
square inside, made straight, and they 
should bo rnude so that but one horse can eat 
hay from euch. (4 G are trap doors through 
which straw can bo thrown down into the 
stalls. F is the landing of the stairs, and 
this should be surrounded on three sides by 
u ruiliug. U II are grain boxes or bins; one 
is for oats, the other for bran. I I are the 
spouts leading to the feed boxes below. Tho 
oat bin is six by 12 by feet, and will hold 
over 300bushels. The bran bin will hold Over 
200 bushels. These should be made of some 
hard wood, the sides being tongued and 
grooved, and they should have good tight 
covers, to be secured by hasps and staples and 
securely locked, or they may bo made of soft 
wood, sheeted on the inside with tin or thin 
sheet iron. 
Tho construction of the partitions of the 
stalls is shown at Fig. 513. The posts go below 
the floor, when plank and joists are used, and 
In this country our experience with the 
pears of China is comparatively recent, and 
confined, so far as 1 know, to tho race common 
to Southern Cbiua, Thibet, and India, known 
as “Sand Pear,” with its crosses on the pears 
of Western Europe. In the Southern and the 
Eastern Stales, north, say, of the I2d parallel, 
the luxuriant foliage, flue, erect growth, com¬ 
parative exemption from blight, and at least 
passable fruit of such sorts as Mikado, Kieffer, 
and LoCoote, have beeu extolled in pamphlets, 
circulars and periodicals, until the demand 
fol the plants, oven at the West, reminds us of 
tho days of the Morus multicaulis, or its mod¬ 
ern relative, the Russian Mulberry. 
Surely this is all well enough where the 
trees behave as well as does the Lo Conte in 
Georgia; but on the great prairies west of 
Lake Michigan, und north of the 40th parallel, 
I know of no variety of the pears of Japan or 
South China, that is much hardier than our 
common peaches, and I know of no cross of 
the Sand Pear with our common varieties, 
that will endure our test Winters as well as 
does the Flemish Beauty. During the past 
eight years we have had over thirty v»rieties 
on trial, over half of which yet throw up each 
Summer, vigorous shoots, clothed with the 
grand foliage peculiar to the race„to be crip¬ 
pled or killed to the snow line tho succeeding 
Winter. But some of the tenderer ones, like 
Mikado, Sandwich Island, and Strong’s Japan, 
were killed out, root and branch two years 
ago; yet with this record, 1 douotdjubt that 
tens of thousands of readers of Eastern papers 
and circulars will, next Spring, plant Chinese 
pears iu parts of tho West where the Flemish 
Beauty has failed. [Not if they have read the 
R. N.-Y. attentively.— Eds.] 
The hardiest variety received from the East¬ 
ern States has beeu sent out from Rochester 
as 1,404. While not strictly hardy on our 
grounds, it is succeeding well on bluff lauds, 
where the wood ripe us early and perfectly in 
Autumn. The history of this variety may 
lead some enterprising propagator or amateur 
to test the pears from points farther north ami 
west iu China than the home of the Sand 
Pear. In the Summer of 1882,1 was fortunate 
in being able to visit the valley of the Moselle 
in Eastern France, while the traces of the 
havoc wrought by tho terrible Winter of 
1880-1, wero everywhere present. On the 
spacious experimental and specimen grounds 
of tho old nursory at Metz, I found the surviv¬ 
ing trees of an orchard of Chinese pears, 
started in 1807 from cions sent by Eugene 
Simon, the well-known French Minister at 
Pekin. By special request, Mr. Simon sent 
to his brother-in-law, Simon Louis, cioDs of 
the best pears grown around Pekiu, and which 
he was able to secure in his botanical trips ex¬ 
tending into the hills of Northwest China. The 
surviving numbers of the oreburds showing 
perfect health and bearing fruit were 1,141, 
1,144, 1.23-3, 1,238 aud 1,205. All tho surviving 
varieties, we were told, were from the hill 
country north west of Pekin, while the tenderer 
sorts—of which our 1,404 was one—were from 
the lowland sections near Pekiu, As 1,404 of 
this importation has proven hardier than any 
of the Sand Pear crosses, we might reasonably 
believe the varieties from the hill country still 
hardier and worthy of trial. 
A still better idea of the extreme variation 
of climate of China on its north-west borders, 
and in Mongolia, may be gathered from a 
careful study of the pears of Eastern Russia. 
As an instance, the Dulia Pear, grown on the 
Sparrow Hills, near Moscow, and on the Vol- 
Perspective of Barn, Fig. 511. 
ing an opening in its side from which the 
horse eats its hay. 
K is a corner cupboard, in which are shelves 
and hooks for the curry combs, brushes, etc , 
above; and for forks und hoes below. B is a 
box-stall, eight, by 14 feet, which can be used, 
when necessary, for two horses. D is a har- 
ness-room, four by six feet, wilh hooks and 
shelves sufficient for ail the harness, robes, 
whips, etc. F is the stuir-way leading to the 
upper or hay-room. E is a pair of feed boxes, 
supplied by pipes from the bins above, and 
their construction is shown in profile at E, 
Fig. 513. The cover rises up, leaning back 
far enough to remain open. O is the partition 
passing down near the bottom in front of the 
pipe N. This arrangement prevents the grain 
from overflowing from the box, and stili 
insures a plentiful supply so long as there is 
any iu the bin above. The pipes leading to 
this box are made of galvanized iron. When 
one has water coming from a spring or hydrant 
or from a water tank elevated in some part of 
the barn, the hydrant for drawing water cun 
be brought up into the little space beneath 
this feed box. as shown at P; but in this case 
the whole of this space, at least 15 inches high, 
should be lined with galvanized iron, having 
are securely fastened to the joists. They are 
six inches in diameter, and are grooved, and 
receive the planks as shown at R. The planks 
i rn- 2. tH-lalS 
Stable Partitions, etc. Fig 513. 
are two inches thick, planed on both sides, and 
have two rows of % inch iron dowel pins, as 
shown. The top of these planks is also cover¬ 
ed with 1%-lnch heavy band iron. The hay 
box, with its opening, is shown at L; the 
opening is bound about with '% inch half-oval 
iron. The floor of this barn can be made of 
plank or cemented clay and gravel, or of con 
crete. The whole cost of the barn from which 
this model was taken was less tbun $700. 
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