parsing over the plain on the cars, the whole 
country is checkered with the rows of the 
Am arc 1 cherry. The bountiful crops of col¬ 
ored, juicy fruit, much richer in grape sugar 
than our Richmond, are utilized in city and 
country in ways we ha ve not yet learned. In 
this region we saw no variety of the Kentish 
family, and I do not think that any variety of 
French or English cherry would live to reach 
the fruiting stage. 
If the pomological student now passes east 
from Breslau oue thousand miles to Saratov, 
on the Volga, he will learn another lesson in 
cherry growing, which he will not soon forget. 
He is now in the rich, black soil section of 
Russia, with an annual rainfall of only twelve 
inches, and with a common southeast wind in 
Summer bringing the breath of the desert, 
and a common northeast wind in Winter 
bringing a temperature of 40 degrees below 
- •... 
yi'/f Iff v^| 
I®?.SB- U v f i 
1 \ * .. .1*1 
: -.m, ?• M/M 
mk. M 
• '"r. 
Longfield. 
~ Ru p-a.lWe**Yorker 
Fig. 536. 
zero in extreme test years. Even here we find 
thrifty trees of low-growing, thick-leaved, 
sweet cherries, said to be natives of Northern 
Bokhara; anil we find many varieties of Arnar- 
elos with leaves much thicker than those at 
Breslau uud with fruit richer in grape sugar. 
If the student now turns northwest to a 
point about 150 miles east of Moscow, he will 
be in the midst of the largest cherry orchards 
of the east plain. Here he will see—if in the 
cherry season—whole trains loaded with dark- 
colored, small-pitted, nearly sweet cherries, 
picked from many-stemmed bushes rather than 
trees. By this time—having in passing east¬ 
ward and northward oaten cherries for over 
a month—he will conclude with us that Amer¬ 
ica has a wide range to choose from in adap 
ting the cherry to the di Huron t soils and cli¬ 
mates of the continent. 
Two years ago we obtained a number of va¬ 
rieties of the Eastern cherries, and, last 
Spring, we put in a specimen orchard about 
thirty other sorts. The behavior of these 
plants r have watched with much interest; so 
far they have fully met my expectations as to 
endurance of our Winters and ability to carry 
healthy foliage through our changeable, half- 
tropical, Hummers, in the near future the 
college grounds, and our many trial stations, 
will tell the whole story as to the truth of my 
present belief that the cherry-growing region 
of the North-west will yet extend up to Lake 
Winnipeg. 
Ames, Iowa. 
NOTES IN A NORTHERN ORCHARD. 
T. II. HOSKINS, M.D. 
The following is a continuation of the notes 
— — _ /fry. - - 
/■ mm' Jrmr 
s -., ?I \ ,, 
\ m > 
"M 
Longfield. Cross Section. Fig. 527. 
which appeared in the issues of November 39 
and December 6. They relate to hardy apples 
such as are grown in the orchards of North¬ 
ern Vermont and the Province of Quebec: 
Longfikli/s Apple (?) is the only winter 
apple of the Department of Agriculture’s im¬ 
portation, that has fruited sufficiently with 
me to give an idea of its merit. As shown at 
Fig. 526, it is of the size, color, form and 
general appearance of Farueuse, but covered 
with a heavy blue bloom. The stem is short 
and slender, inserted in a small but rather 
deep cavity. The calyx is closed and in a 
very shallow, regular basin. The core is 
rather large for the size of the apple. The 
flesh is much like that of Fameuse and of very 
good quality. Fig. 527 shows a cross-section 
of it It keeps well into March. It is not 
certain that this is the true Longfield (No. 161 
of Dept. List,) I have sent specimens to Prof. 
Budd for his opinion. At ouy rate, it is ft 
productive and valuable apple of the irou-clftd 
class, lacking only in size for market. 
Borsdorf is another winter Russian—No. 
403 of the Department List. It has produced 
a little imperfect fruit on my one tree this 
year. As growu by Mr. A, Webster, of East 
Roxbury, Vt.,itis of small to medium size, 
yellow with red cheek, of quite good quality 
and a good keeper. It somewhat, resembles a 
small Ren Davis, but with brighter colors. 
Scott’s Winter, Fig. 528. This apple, 
which is a native seedling of this place, cions 
of which I have widely distributed during the 
past 16 years, constantly grows in my estima¬ 
tion, and is well reported on, both East and 
West. It scorns ns hardy as 
Wealthy, and is quite as pro¬ 
ductive, but not above medium 
jt in size. It is a long keeper, 
&iv being at its best, in April and 
May. The color is a bright 
gfljgg red, nearly covering the apple, 
and iu the West I see people 
are calling it Scott’s Red 
Winter. The stem is short 
—not more than half an inch 
— inserted in a deep, regular 
cavity. The calyx is closed. 
"p : or nearly closed, in a shallow 
- but quite broad basin. Its 
flesh is white with some stains 
of red; crisp, spicy and of a. 
^ ■ brisk acidity rather too pro¬ 
nounced for a dessert fruit, 
until toward the end of its 
season. A cross-section is 
shown at Fig. 529, The tree is very vigor¬ 
ous, but its tendency to over bear will make 
fho fruit small unless the ground is kept rich. 
With care they may be kept up to full medium 
iu size. It is the most valuable of the iron¬ 
clad long keepers that I am acquainted 
with. 
&\)t i^rfrsman. 
THE CHICAGO AND ST. LOUIS CATTLE¬ 
MENS’ CONVENTIONS. 
EDWARD PERKV. 
Under the heading “Stock Notes,” the 
Rural New Yorker of November 23 said, 
“It seems a pity that the rivalry between the 
cities of Chicago and St. Louis should in any 
way injuriously affect the live stock interests 
of the country, yet to whftt Other cause except 
this rivalry can be attributed the holding of 
two national conventions of stockmen at about 
the same time—one at Chicago, commencing 
November 13, and the other at St, Louis, com¬ 
mencing November 17?” Were it. not that 
the above relates to a matter of a truly na¬ 
tional character, as regards the interests of 
the consumer of beef ou ouo hand, and those 
of producers of beef on the other, and if it did 
not appear to oast an unjust, although prob¬ 
ably unintentional, reflection upon a large 
number of gentlemen well known throughout 
the whole country for their integrity, T would 
not venture toolTer, for publication in columns 
that are always crowded with valuable mat¬ 
ter, the following facts, which will form one 
of the most interesting and important 
chapters in the history of the live-stock in¬ 
dustry of America. 
\ As long ago as the year 1880 I began 
\ publishing articles outlining a plan of, and 
urging reasons for, the formation of a per¬ 
manent national association of the stock- 
men of the United States. So far as I 
can learn, these were the flrst, and, for a 
considerable time, the only expressions, 
/ public or private, in favor of snch an or- 
/ gauization. They originated and were first 
published in Chicago, a fact thutgives this 
city the honor of being the pioneer in what 
has become a most successful measure. 
Other articles of like tenor with those 
mentioned, followed in 1882. In November, 
1883, a national convention of stock own¬ 
ers, the first of its klud ever held in any coun¬ 
try, was called by the Commissioner of Agri¬ 
culture. That convention was held in Chicago, 
It had a definite object and a permanent 
character. Delegates from 22 States and Ter¬ 
ritories were present, representing fairly the 
breeding industry of tile great Middle and 
F.astorn States, and the grazing interests of 
the West. That convention elected perma¬ 
nent officers and appointed a committee to go 
to Washington, to solicit snch legislation as 
the majority of the stock ownersof the regions 
named deemed necessary for the welfare of 
their herds, upon which millions depend for a 
considerable part of their food. This state¬ 
ment of facts, which have been widely pub" 
harmony, that it appointed a committee of 
conference to go to St. Louis and ask the del¬ 
egates there to joiu the society already 
formed. More than a hundred of tho mem¬ 
bers of the National Association attended the 
convention at St. Louis. They found it to he 
sectional in character aud in object, and not 
national. They found by tho deliberate ex¬ 
pressions of the controlling delegates, upon 
the floor of the convention and iu the com¬ 
mittees on credentials, permanent officers and 
resolutions, that the convention was held 
solely to express the views and wishes of the 
cattlemen of the extreme West and South¬ 
west; that the influence of the cattlemen of 
the Middle and Eastern States was held to be 
Scott’s Winter. Fig. 528, 
of little importance, if not even antagonistic 
to the objects of the convention; that no dele¬ 
gates from any State east of tho Mississippi 
River were wanted, and that such trifling 
representation us would be allowed to them 
would be permitted ns a matter of courtesy, 
and not of right. It was explicitly declared 
to be a ranchmen’s convention, aud no desire 
was expressed to have any other branch of 
the va-t cattle interests of this country parti¬ 
cipate. By the action of the convention more 
than 200 delegates from the Eastern States, 
among them a number of gentlemen espe¬ 
cially appointed by invitation of the St. 
Louis managers, by the Governors of several 
States, were denied scats upon tho floor, on 
the pretext that they did not present written 
credentials, although it Was not stated in the 
invitation that such written credentials would 
be required. 
Early in the proceedings at St. Louis notice 
was formally giveu, by the delegates of the 
National Cattle Growers’ Association, that a 
committee of conference had been appointed 
by that body, with a hope that unity of action 
between the two conventions might be 
brought about, and that the said committee of 
conference was then present. All advances 
wore rejected by the St. Louis meeting, at 
which a constitution was adopted declaring 
that the name of the permanent organization 
then formed should he tho National Cattle and 
Horse Growers’ Association of tho United 
States?, and that “any person directly con¬ 
nected with tho live stock industry may be¬ 
tioned. Annual fees are provided for. Re¬ 
presentation shall be by delegates, appoint¬ 
ed by associations according to their mem 
bership. State and Territorial Boards of Ag¬ 
riculture have authority to scud one dele- 
gate-at-lai go. Eligibility to membership con¬ 
sists in being directly engaged in the breeding 
and growing of cattle or with the editorial 
couduct of the agricultural press, or in the 
scientific investigation of animal disease. The 
fees are $15 upon admission and an annual 
due of 50 cents. 
Application for a charter under the laws of 
the State of Illinois was made, aud the asso¬ 
ciation became a legally incorporated body, 
The above is a brief history of the movement 
that resulted in the formation of the first 
national association of stockmen ever made, 
having for its purpose the promotion of the 
welfare of all cattle owners iu the United 
States. January 18, 1884, a circular was 
issued from St. Louis, calling a cattlemen’s 
convention, to take place in that city during 
the Autumn of the current year. That cir¬ 
cular was signed b.y Hunter Sc Evans, a live¬ 
stock commissiofl firm doing business in St. 
Louis. It was ulso signed by six live-stock 
companies, including the Swan Land & Cattle 
Company. No date was named for the open¬ 
ing of that convention; but the object was 
stated to be the formation of a national asso¬ 
ciation of cattlemen. Tho secretary of the 
association formed in the preceding year, sent 
a written notice to the pro¬ 
moters of the St. Louis con- 
vention, reminding them of / 
tho existence of that organiza- / 
tion, and offering to call its / 
approaching second annual / 
meeting In St. Louis, if they / 
would unite their movement 
with that of the permanent 
organization he represented. 
He pledged them equal, full 
and fair representation with \ 
the men already connected \ 
with the first organization. \ 
The reply was a refusal to \ 
unite their movement with \ 
the preceding one, and a no- ^ 
tice that November 17 was '-Pv 
the time determined upon for 
holding the St Louis gather- Scott’s Winter. Cross Section 
ing. The secretary of the 
National Association wrote 
again, stating that the body he represented 
was still willing to co-operate by calling their 
meeting of this year at St. Louis; but that,the 
date assigned would forbid the attendance of 
many influential breeders, whose connection 
with the several associations of breeders ol 
blooded stock demanded their attendance at 
Chicago, at that time, it being the time when 
and place where many breeders’ associations 
hold their regular annual meetings. 
St Louis refused these overtures and (le- 
Tbe secretary, 
come a member of this association by paying 
to the Treasurer thereof an admission fee of 
Hvo dollurs.” 
J submit that tho terms of their constitu¬ 
tion will admit to membership and to a vote, 
interests naturally opposed to the wishes and 
plans of owners of cattle; that the Chicago 
Association wus honestly formed by thorough 
business men for business purposes; that in 
view of the facts above truly recited, there 
Rural New-Yorker pouters and Premium- 
Lists are now ready . Send for them. We 
will gladly send them to any address free of 
charge, postpaid. 
dined to select a later date, 
therefore, called the second annual meeting 
in Chicago. So sincere was the desire on the 
part of the National Association for unity and 
