JAN 2© 
39 
relating to tbe matter, with the announce¬ 
ment that “they contain all the information 
at present available in regard to the in¬ 
quiries.” In none of tbe circulars is any¬ 
thing said either as to tbe number or nature 
of the headings under which the results of tbe 
Census will be published. No intimation 
is given as to the time when the complete re¬ 
turns will be printed, but from other sources, 
we learn that the work will probably be fin¬ 
ished some time this year. According to a 
“ Brevity ” in the Rural of August 1st, it 
will consist of 30 quarto volumes of 900 pages 
each. Ten thousand copies of the complete 
work will be printed, of which 3,000 are to be 
for the use of the Senate, 6,000 for the use of 
the House, and 1,000 for the use of the De¬ 
partment of the Interior. In addition to 
these, extra copies will be printed, as fol¬ 
lows ; 20,000 of the Report on Population ; 
20,000 of the B.eport on Agriculture; 10,000 
of the Report on Manufactures and Mechan¬ 
ics; 6,000 of the Report on the History of the 
National Loans, and 1,500 on the Report on 
Fish and Fisheries. These are to beepportioned 
to the Senate, the House, and the Depart¬ 
ments under whose coutrol the subjects are, 
in about the same proportion as given above. 
Of the Compendium of the Census, 100,000 
copies will be printed, of which 30,000 will 
be for the use of the Senate, 60,000 for the use 
of the House, and 10,000 for the use of the De¬ 
partment of the Interior, As to the distribu¬ 
tion of the work, it is to be obtained by each 
person who wants it through the Representa¬ 
tive for his District, or one of the Senators 
for his State. Tbe copies assigned to tue De¬ 
partments are designed for distribution among 
those especially connected with them as work¬ 
ers or otherwise. As to the mode of distrib¬ 
uting the others, the law says : “ In order to 
avoid duplication in the distribution of these 
documents, and to secure complete sets to 
libraries and other public institutions, tbe 
additional copies herein ordered, excepting 
those ordered for the Treasury Department 
and for the Fish Commission, will be deliv¬ 
ered to the document-rooms of the Depart¬ 
ment of the Interior; and the Secretary of the 
Interior shall distribute those ordered for the 
use of Congress as follows: In sets to each of 
suoh fifteen libraries and other public institu¬ 
tions or individuals as shall be named to him 
for this purpose by each Senator, and to each 
of such ten libraries and other public institu¬ 
tions or individuals as shall lie named to him 
for this purpose by each Representative or 
Delegate, and in volumes to Senators acd 
Representatives or such other parties as shall 
be designated by Senators, Representatives, 
and Delegates, until the quota of each shall 
be exhausted.” Complete reports on many 
of the subjects are already printed, and the 
work is beiug pushed forward rapidly. At 
the end of last May, 2S6 “preliminary ” bul¬ 
letins, aggregating 1,021 pages, had been is¬ 
sued, and since then a great many more have 
been published. As many of these as are not 
out of print, can be had by application to the 
Census Office, Department of the Interior, 
Washington, D. C. 
STOCK RACKS. 
M.E l.,Weat Paulet, Vt. —l. I wish an illus¬ 
tration of a good sheep rack with feed trough. 
During Winter feed worth many times the 
cost of such a convenience is wasted hereabouts 
by the use of tbe common square ones. 2 Can ; 
farmers in this section use grain drills to ail- ; 
vantage? 3. What is tbe name of some trust¬ 
worthy dealer in fertilizers in New York City 
from whom farmers may buy direct? 
Anb.— 1, Herewith are given illustrations 
of two racks, one of which is especially adapt¬ 
ed for the use of sheep, as it has a grain or 
meal box under the rack. The other is a form 
of feed-rack that serves for cows, calves, colts 
or sheep and is in common use. 2. Grain drills 
save grain, as with them one-flftb leps seed is 
used thau in sowing broadcast. There is also 
Sheep-Feeding Rack.— Fig. 32. 
a gain in the condition of the crop. There is 
no saving iu time or labor, and the cost of a 
drill is about, $0(1 Where the land is rough, 
stony or stumpy a drill will not work very 
well and is soon used up, so that it is u ques¬ 
tion worth considering if these machines can 
be economically used upon rough, hilly or 
stony farms and where tbe fields are small. 
Elsewhere there is no question of their value. 
Whsr« w\«-,h farmer sows ouly a ntssll area 
THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER. 
of grain, several might economically combine 
for the purchase of a drill, if the ground is 
adapted to its use, or a single owner might* 
perhaps, profitably hire it to his neighbors. 3. 
C. V. Mapes, 179 Front Street: H. J. Baker & 
Bro., 215 Pearl Street; G. B Forrester, 169 
Front Street; Bowker Fertilizer Company, 
84 Broad Street. 
A MILK ROOM. 
J. S. It., West Fairview, Pa .—I have a 
very good well from which all the water for 
our live stock is pumped. My idea is to build 
a dairy house between the pump and the 
trough from which tbe stock drink, the 
water in its course from the one to the other 
passirg through the milk-room; could the 
business be managed successfully in that way ? 
Which would be the better creamery for 10 
cows—tbe Cooley or Moseley ft Stoddard ? 
Ans.—Y ou can make au excellent arrange¬ 
ment as follows: Make your dairy house and 
build in it a cement tank, half-way down in 
the ground, if the fall is right in regard to 
the trough for the stock; or above ground if 
not; arrange the pipe as shown at Fig. 34: 
Cattle deeding Rack— Fig. 33. 
The inlet-pipe must be carried down to the 
bottom so as to make a complete circulation 
of the water in the tank. The tank may be 
made of two-inch plank put together with 
white lead at the joints; but wood soon gets 
soft and water-soaked and smells disagree¬ 
able. There is no need to submerge the pails. 
If the pail is set down in the water so that the 
water is as high outside of the pail as the milk 
is inside, that is enough. To make the tank, 
it would be the easiest plan to make first a 
frame of boards outside, of the size needed; to 
lay the bottom of the tank first and then to 
make an inside frame, leaving a space of four 
inches between the two frames. This should 
/N- 1 
1 
——r uu -T- 
. •- 
L£T 
/. 
l if r 
1 
• 
1 
'// 
Fig. 84. 
be filled with the cement which should be 
well rammed to get rid of any air holes in it. 
When the cement is dry, the frames may be 
taken out, or the inner one only, leaving the 
outer one, which may remain if desired. 
This arrangement would be found satisfactory 
no doubt. If desirable a cover may be put 
over it to keep the contents cool in the Sum¬ 
mer and from freezing iu the Winter. Of the 
two “creameries” mentioned, one is about 
as good as the other; but it is necessary to 
use ice with them to get the best effect. The 
method above described would be much 
cheaper than either of the creameries. A 
tank six by three feet would hold IS cans, 
each containing 15 quarts of milk. Each 
can should have one square foot of space to 
cool the milk rapidly; and $5 would make it. 
MARKINGS OF JERSEY CATTLE. 
L. P. C., Marshalltown , Iowa.— 1. What 
are the distinguishing points of a true Jer¬ 
sey, and are “solid colors” and black 
points included among them ? 3. Precisely 
what are the black points of a Jer¬ 
sey ? 3. Are black tongues and noses 
indicative of purity of blood 1 8ome Jerseys 
have hair of a peculiar color back of the nose, 
while others are without it; what is the cause 
of the difference ? 4. Is one kind of “solid 
color” preferable to another ? 
ANSWER BY U. GOODMAN, EX-PRKS. A. J. C. C. 
1. The question is best answered by 
reference to the qualities and appearance 
called for in the Scale of Points adopted by 
the American Jersey Cattle Club, which 
scale of points, it may bo remarked, makes no 
mention whatever of a “solid color,”or “black 
points.” 2. Black points are: tongue black 
or purplish instead of pink; roof of mouth, 
ditto ; hoofs black instead of waxy-yellow ; 
switch black instead of white ; noses black in¬ 
stead of yellow, and iu bulls, the tip of the 
scrotum black instead of being of the same 
color as the rest of the skin. 8 and 4. A dark 
muzzle, encircled by hair of a light color— 
which ring is commonly called “the fillet"—is 
considered among tho indications of purity of 
blood. But no other black marking, uor any 
kind of “ solid ” can be said to be of uny im¬ 
portance. Ganerally, black points mud solid 
colors are simply matters of fashion of as 
much value in cattle as in horses—no more, 
no less. The color of the hair of a Jersey has 
no connection whatever with the butter yield 
as to quantity or quality, nor is it any indi¬ 
cation of the vigor or the disposition of the 
animal. By way of example: Eurotas is nearly 
black, as are Dukeof Darlington and Bomba; 
Jersey Belle of 8cituate was fawn and white; 
Pansy, 1,019, dark hrown to buff, whilp Lady 
Mary, Albert, Pansy Ctb, Lady Mel. 2d, and 
Couch’s Lily are silver fawn or silver gray. 
The Reception family are very light s'lver 
fawn; the Signal family, silver gray; Gil- 
deroy and Coomassie, dark fawn and much 
white; Champion of America, nearly black. 
GROWING POTATOES UNDER STRAW, ETC. 
H, B., New Albany, Ind. —1. How can po- 
toes be grown under straw ? 2. Is there any 
seedlings of the Peachblow likely to take it3 
place? Here it has been “running out” for 
some years. 3. In case I do not have enough 
of stable manure for my early potato crop iu 
Spring, how much superphosphate, analyzing 
three to four per cent, of ammonia, should be 
applied per acre ? How should it be applied— 
broadcast or in drills? 4. Can white-seeded 
Doura be used instead of coffee, which doe3 
not agree with me ? I think I saw something 
; to that effect in the Rural. 
Ans. —1. The ground on whieh potatoes are 
to be grown under straw may be either sod 
or broken in tbe Fall and harrowed and made 
fine in the Spriog. The “seed” potatoes may 
be either whole or cut, as in ordinary plant¬ 
ing. The ‘ ‘seed” is placed on the top and cov¬ 
ered with straw from nine to 12 inches thick, 
the latter thickness giving excellent results. 
The vines readily grow through this layer,and 
usually the bugs don’t hurt them. The tubers 
form between the straw and the ground and 
are usually smooth, large, handsome, aDd 
free from all scabbiness. Sometimes a little 
earth is turned over tbe straw with a plow. 2 
There are several new seedlings of the Peacb- 
j blow, but the yield of those we have tried is 
far less than that of other new kinds. 3 We 
should prefer a concentrated fertilizer with a 
good percentage of potash. It the concen¬ 
trated fertilizer is to he used alone, we should 
advise not less than 400 pounds to the acre. 
As good results have been obtained with po¬ 
tatoes from fertilizing in the drill as when 
broadcasted. 4. We have never tried the 
substitute; who has? 
STARTING AN APIARY. 
F. K. M., Watertown, N. T.—I wish to get 
some practical information about the cost of 
starting an apiary—the price and kind of 
bees, style of hives, etc. 
ANSWER BY PROF. A. J. COOK, 
The beginner should not start the first year 
with more than five or ten colonies of bees. 
Then without further outlay than what the 
bees will furnish, the apiary- will grow quite 
as fast as the novice’s ability to care for ic. 
By all means use the Langstroth hive. The 
size of the frame is immaterial. I prefer a 
square frame 11}* by 113 a inches, called ihe 
Gallup frame. Be sure to have all hives just 
alike. The Langstroth with hive Gallup frame 
is illustrated in this issue of Rural. The be¬ 
ginner should get pure Italian bees, and be 
bad better buy them in the Spnug. For good 
pure Italians in the Lmgstroth hi'-e flO per 
colony, is a fair price. Wc see. therefore then 
that the bees will cost from $5U to fH 0 The 
other expenses need not be more than $50 tbe 
first year. After this there will, or should be, 
no expense not met by the bees. The bees, if ! 
well cared for, will double in number of col¬ 
onies the first year, and with a good season 
they will pay all expenses. Most important 
of all—the prospective bee-keeper should buy 
a good book and thoroughly inform himself 
during the coming Winter on ail practical 
matters of the apiary'. [The Manual of the 
Apiary, sold by Prof. A. J. Cook, Michigan 
Agricultural College, for $1.25, answers all 
the questions that the beginner will wish to 
ask. Eds.] 
CHEAP WATER PIPES. 
! cheap pipe for leading water for a long 
distance under ordinary circumstances can 
be made of common one-inch drain tile 
laid in cement to close the joints. This 
is clean, safe and durable. Another 
good kind is made of hemlock strips three 
inches square, having an inch-and-a-quarter 
bole bored through the center with a long 
handled auger. 
Miscellaneous. 
W. A. J., Newark, N. J., sends sections of 
Reliance Raspberry canes dotted with round 
spots, which were never noticed on them be¬ 
fore last season. Cuthbert, Turner and High¬ 
land Hardy a few feet away were unaffected. 
The spotted canes made only a feeble growth 
and he asks what is the cause of the spots 
Ans. —It is a fungus growth concerning 
which but little is positively known, and it is 
spreading rapidly'. Never having had exper¬ 
ience with the disease at the Rural Grounds, 
we are not prepared to state any effectual 
remedy for staying its progress, other than 
cutting and burning the affected canes. Con¬ 
siderable attention has been given to tbe sub¬ 
ject and several articles treating of it have 
appeared in the Rural during the last two 
or three years, but no effectual remedy has 
been discoveied. 
A.K.. Dora.O. —If the RuRALcannot let me 
have a few cuttings of the Victoria Grape, 
where can I get them? 
Ans. —EHwanger & Barry, Rochester, N. 
Y., and several other nurserymen offer tbe 
Victoria for sale. As catalogues of these 
firms are announced in our columns our friend 
may send for aud examine them. We would 
gladly oblige our subscribers in such matters, 
but they will see that we consult their inter¬ 
ests by refusing to sell seeds or plants. If 
otherwise, our praises and censures might be 
open to the charge of prejudice. 
H. H. It, Titdsonia, Ark. —1, What would 
be the best blackberries to grow here? 2, 
Would cherries grow in this place? 3, What is 
the price of European walnuts? 
Ans.— 1. Try Wilson’s Albany. 2. We do not 
now' remember any reports of the growth of 
cherries in Arkansas. The best sorts with 
which to experiment there would be Early 
Richmond, Late Kentish, Morello, and Royal 
Duke. 3. The walnuts would cost 50 cents 
apiece at retail. 
“A Subscriber ,” West Jefferson. Ohio. —1, 
Where can I get German prunes? 2, Does the 
curculio trouble them as much as the other 
varieties of plums? 
Ans.— 1. At most of the leading nurseries. 
Send for catalogues “noticed” in the Rural, 
and in them you will find this sort of infor¬ 
mation and much more you will probably 
find very useful. 2. There is very little 
difference. 
E. C. II., Miles City, Montana. —Where 
can I get some Merino bucks? 
Ans. —The dealers nearest to you. of whom 
we know, are:—W. H & A L'onard, M unt 
Leonard, Saline Co., Ml; A. B. Mathews, 
Kmsa® City. Mo.; Samuel Jewett, Independ¬ 
ence, Mo.; D inton B^os, Pleasanton, Linn 
Co., Kansas; Booth & G bbs, Winchester, 
Kansas; Geo. Br.,wn, Buffalo, Wilson Co., 
Kansas 
A. G. O , Crown Rock , Oregon —1, Which 
marketable qualities aud suited to this cli¬ 
mate ? 2. Which is the earliest, heaviest and 
most productive k nd of bean ? 
Ans —l. Pn bab'y the Yellow Danvers 
woubl suit vou best. 2. Of tbe w bite varie¬ 
ties, which we presume you mean, we would 
recommend the White Marrow. 
.4 W R . Renfrew. Ont , Can —In case of 
Black-Cap Raspberries does the fruit gro.v on 
canes of one season's growth? 
Ans. —Raspberries generally bear fruit only 
on the cane of the previous season’s growth. 
A few kinds bear some fruit on the growing 
cane—but it doesn’t amount to much as to 
quantity. 
W. R. C ., Middletown, one of 19 in the 
country .—Half a mile from my house there is 
a spring the water of which I w ish to convey 
to the homestead. A neighbor advises me to 
dig a trench and in it construct a pipe of 
water-lime cement. How is it made, and what 
other kinds of pipe would be good for the 
above purpose, lead and wrought-iron pipe 
beiug excluded? 
Anb. —We have ourselves constructed a 
durable water-run in this way; Use two hem¬ 
lock boards six inches wide for tbe sides by 
nailing them together by cross pieces at the 
ends and middle. Lay these in a trench the 
desired depth. Then mix hydiauiic cerueat 
(water-lime) and sand together half of each 
aud spread this on the earth between the side 
boards and then with a trowel work the 
cement into a concave or gutter shape. 
Finally nail a strip on top of the side boards 
and cover with earth. The cement here costs 
about *1.50 o«r barrel, A very good and 
J. IV'., Morins Co., N. J. —1, Where can I 
get potato seed halls? 
Ans. —We think B. K. Bliss & Sons, 84 
Barclay Street, N. Y., offer them. The 
potato patch is the best place. For answ er to 
question about report of last Census see else¬ 
where iu this Department. 
Communications Rsckivsh for thk wrick Lvoixe 
Saturday. January 13. 
B. ALL.—AI. M.— O. 51. B., we think the Rural Is 
not the.best kind of paper Cor such discussions—W. 
H. J —J. B. N.—To many inquirers: We eannot an¬ 
swer questions by mail as u rale—A a. W. -E. O.— 
A. K.-J. \V. 51 Y R — A. R. * .—H. H. B.-B. A —N. 
Smith a potato received— c s C.-J. \v. D.—VV. R. n. 
—C H. B —D. Lockwood: Will write you—P. B . 
thanks—U W. F.-J. A L.—Daniel Steok, will exam¬ 
ine— E. L. S-. thanks-P. M. G., Uiauks-R. G. F.—T. 
R H.. good— H. S — K. J U., thanks-Contributorsare 
respectfully notified that articles have accumulated 
to such an extent, durlug a few weeks past, that we 
cannot, for the time, present them as soon as it may 
be desirable they should appear -A, L. J.—H. L W , 
communication received—!*. R.—B, C, W, ~ U n 
