FES 40 
they have no manner of title whatever, to the 
great detriment of the State and its citizens. 
The lands in question annually produce luxu¬ 
riant and nutritious grasses, and that portion 
lying adjacent to streams is susceptible of the 
highest, culture and produces with ordinary 
cultivation all the email grains and cereals in 
abundance. Yet the poor man who arrives 
here with his family and who comes in good 
faith to i>ermanently locate, has to move on¬ 
ward, as these capitalists have the best por¬ 
tion of the country already fenced in, and 
will allow no one to settle within these in¬ 
closures. A private contract was let here a 
few days ago for the catting of 20,000 fence 
posts which after being cut. are to be put in 
groand 2^ feet deep and 33 feet apart for 
one string of fencing only, and thus it will 
require 60,000 more posts to surround the 
entire inclosure! and this is but one instance 
In California the marmots and squirrels have 
been found very troublesome and de¬ 
structive among small trees, because of a 
similar habit arising from the same cause. 
Palings have generally been used in preference 
to a close board fence to ex- 
~ j elude these vermin. In some 
hot, dry winds should be avoided, so that in 
many places the cooler, more humid situations 
on i he northern slopes of ridges will bs found 
better adapted for the nursery grounds. The 
dip or inclination of the adjacent rocks in the 
sorb 300,000 of these by every hundred acres 
of land appropriated to forest planting. When 
it comes to planting by the square mile, or a 
section of our Government surveys, we shall 
need to provide nearly 2.000,000, or, strictly, 
1,920,000 plants. The importance of having 
such an amount of material accessible will be 
apparent to all. 
Let us consider some of the advantages to 
the forester, which arise from having Buch a 
nursery supply close at band, when he comes 
to planting large areas. First, as must occur 
to every one, will be the greater convenience 
in having his stock within easy reach; this 
is no small item as it will enable him to save 
the expenses incident to transportation from 
a distance, with the costs needed for the secure 
packing of the plants, besides the greater risk 
by exposure and detention in direct ratio to 
the distance traveled over. Next, it will 
occur to every practical man that the young 
plants produced in any given locality, are 
already accustomed to the peculiar soils and 
to the climatic conditions which are to attend 
them in the permanent location to which they 
are about to be consigned, and they can be 
removed directly from the soil in which they 
were growing to their future stations in a 
perfectly fresh condition, and ready at once 
to begin their growth, the planter meanwhile 
being able to choose bis best opportunity for 
setting them out under the most favorable 
conditions of the weather and of the soil. 
These manifest advantages are fully under¬ 
stood and appreciated by the Europeau forest¬ 
ers in all their large undertakings. Whether in 
the larch and flr plantations of North Britain, 
in the extensive rebaisements of the bared 
Alpine summits or on the sand wastes of Les 
Landes in France, or the moors of Prussia, 
on the sandy dunes of Holland and North 
Germany, the sand wastes of Austro-Hun¬ 
gary, the steppes of Russia, the rocky lands 
of the Kaar&t, or Kustenland on the Adriatic, 
and the desert borders of Algeria, on the moun. 
tains of Germany, or indeed wherever large 
thinks he has settled the question about 
bees injuring fruit. He once told Mr. 
"Frederick Wilhelm HenerichWbokemdemffe- 
schauferponsky, a whole-sonled Dutchman of 
his acquaintance, that bees did not injure 
fruit at all, when he pitched in and said he 
knew better, and gave, in the following words, 
the best argument the writer ever heard that 
bees do injure fruit. 
“ Vonce a long vile ago, ven I first to dis 
coundry gome, I vent into mine apple orchard 
to glime a bear dree to bit some beaches to 
make mine vrow a blum budding mit: und 
ven I kits avay up on de tobbermost limbs, a 
hole lot of pees, pees vat gome for honey git- 
ten—dwo, dree, five tousand of ’em. gome ven 
I vas on de highermost pranches, und dey 
schting me all over so bad as never vas und 
right pefore mine face, too. und I not know 
vere I am, so I fall down from de lowermost 
limbs vay so high up, mit vone leg on both 
sides of de bicket vence, und like to stove my 
outsides in. Vat vou say. hey! pees no steal 
fruit, ven I ketch ’em at it T* 
The strength of Spring wheat, owing to its 
large percentage of gluten, cannot he gain¬ 
said. and hence it will always he a favorite 
with bakers, says the Northwestern Miller. 
On the other hand, the excellent color (sur¬ 
passing in some cases the best samples of 
Spring wheat) possessed by the flour made 
from Winter wheat, its excellent qualities as 
a pastry flour, and its adoptability for general 
family use will always render it popular 
among a large class of buyers. 
iilisallatreoufl 
Public Land Grabbing. 
The article in the Rural of the 23rd uR. 
under the head of “The Public Domain for 
Mistakes is Farm Work —A writer 
in the Rural Home tells of several mis¬ 
takes he has made. One was in cutting 
potatoes and allowing the pieces to re¬ 
main In a barrel, where in a few days they 
heated so as to spoil half of them. Again he 
made a mistake in planting corn with hen- 
manure beneath it, for when the young roots 
started they were burned and the corn was 
sick throughout the season. We may avoid 
such mistakes in the future. He then speaks 
of another class of mistakes: “ If we plant a 
certain portion of our land with potatoes and 
another portion with beans, and from some 
natural cause (drought, perhaps) the potatoes 
turn out poorlv. and the beaus do well and 
sell for high price, we say we have made a 
rristake in not planting all our land with 
beaus. Another year we attempt to remedy 
this mistake, and plant a large quantitv of 
beans and a small quantitv of potatoes, this 
time from some cause, perhaps a very wet sea¬ 
son, the beans ' go back ’ on in end the pota¬ 
toes vield a good crop. We still have to enter 
on ourreeord a mistake in not planting more 
potatoes and leas b-aus; mists kes of the first 
class when once discovered can always be 
avoided bat mistakes of the second class are 
very apt to ‘ get the best ’ even of the best of 
our farmers, and such mistakes will continue 
to occur until we can foretell for a certainty 
just what kiDd of a season we are going to 
have and just the price our various farm pro¬ 
ducts will bring.” 
Mr B P Ware thinks the Butman Squash 
a beautiful varietv. a good keeper but not 
sufficiently productive as a farm crop He 
thinks the celebrated Marblehead a variety of 
it obtained by selection. It is, however, no 
xu nre productive than the other. He speaks 
ef the Essex Hvbrid (a cross between the 
Turban and Huhbard) as uniting the form 
and good qualities of the Turban with the 
hard shell and keening Qualities of the Hub¬ 
bard. It is a rapid grower and may be plant¬ 
ed as late as July, thus avoiding tbe maggot, 
the worst enemy of the squash. He thinks 
the American Improved Turban the best early 
variety. For green com he commends for suc¬ 
cession the Marblehead for earliest, then 
Hall’s Japan Honeysuckle— Fig. 62. 
forestai enterprises exist and are successfully 
conducted, the great importance of the forest 
nursery is fully appreciated. 
In locating the forest nursery we should 
consider, primarily, the soil and the conveni¬ 
ence of access to the lands which are to be 
planted, and it may be found necessary to 
have several spots thus appropriated, where 
extensive operations are to be carried on, es¬ 
pecially In broken and mountainous regions, 
where the difli.-ulties of transportation are 
greatest To find the soil best adapted to the 
high culture required in tbe nursery, we shall 
often be obliged to seen the lowest levels, the 
valleys of the streams which have received 
lhe wash of debris from the mountains; we 
may, however, also frequently find au ele¬ 
vated plateau on tbe mountain side that will 
answer a good purpose for a nursery location 
if suitably sheltered by higher ridges that 
ward off the storms and favor the growth of 
the young seedlings. In such a nursery the 
plants will be better prepared to bear the ex¬ 
posure to which they must be subjected when 
permanently planted out. 
The aspect of tbe nursery plot should re¬ 
ceive consideration. Land that has a very 
geutle slope to tbe eastward and southward is 
generally preferred, unless it lie too much ex¬ 
posed to cutting winds. Nor is It desirable to 
have it so placed and sheltered as to induce a 
prematurely early growth in the bpriug, nor 
so situated as to be liable to late frosts at that 
season of the year.; On the other hand, a too 
free exposure to the burning sunshine, and to 
Magnolia Spkciosa—Fig. 64. 
the Public.” meets the high approval aud ap¬ 
probation of all the settlers in Western Ne¬ 
braska, and we all earnestly hope that you 
will continue in the good work and urge this 
important matter through the columns of the 
Rural, for it has become a notorious fact 
that the better portion of Western Nebraska 
is now being fenced in by these unscrupulous 
land sharks and speculators, who not only 
monopolize all the important streams but are 
also destroying the best timber on the public 
domain, to fence in their vast tracts, to which 
