FEB 47 
experienced in procuring seeds of new and 
rare kinds, as well as the trouble and risk 
attendant upon transporting either seeds or 
plants of some kinds from distant lands, we 
are forced to resort to other means of multi¬ 
plying plants. Loudou gives the following 
methods of propagation in his Arboretum 
Britanicum: 
A. Natural methods: by seeds, by side suck¬ 
ers or root suckers, by stolon* both surface 
and underground; to which he might have 
added by natural and accidental layers. 
B. Artificial methods; or propagation by 
seeds, suckers, cuttings, layers, ringing, bud¬ 
ding, grafting, inarching. 
a. By seeds: their ripening, gathering, 
keeping, preparation for sowing, time of sow 
ing, soil and situation, must all be observed. 
b. By suckers: those which spring from the 
base of the stock and those which come from 
the roots. The time of separation, the treat¬ 
ment of these all will need to be considered. 
c By division: low-growing, many-stemmed 
shrubs that can be takeu up bodily and 
divided into many separate plants, illustrate 
this method of propagation, or rather of mul¬ 
tiplication. 
d. By cuttings: taken from shoots or 
branches, even from the trunks of trees (as 
the olive), from roots, from buds or single 
eyes, with pieces of wood attached, by leaves 
with a bud in the axil, (yes, and in some 
species, by leaves alone, without buds). In 
all these the season, soil, temperature and 
other conditions must be favorable. 
e. By layers: of old wood and of young 
wood, and with different methods of cutting 
or twisting them, the season, the time for 
separating them, sooner or later from the 
mother plant, need to be observed and noted. 
/. By ringing: with application of soil or 
of moss to receive the roots, with or without 
a continuous application of water, and their 
A NEW PLAN FOR TRAINING THE 
GKAPE-VTNE. 
Here is our new plan of training the grape 
vine. Grape posts five and-a-half feet high are 
set in the usual manner, the tops being spotted 
on one side upon which boards, five or six 
inches wide and three feet long, are uailed- 
representing a cross. On the top of these 
boards are stretched three wires, one on 
either end and one in the center, and when 
done it is precisely the same as the pole cross, 
bar and three telegraph wires. 
We think it better to plant the vine close to 
the post, and tie those planted between the 
posts directly to the wires. In this way the 
whole space between the vines is unobstructed 
for the passage of a team. A long string can 
be used for the middle vines when small. A 
branch is trained off from the top of ihe main 
trunk over the upper side of each wire, which 
may be pruned in the Fall to any desired 
length. They may be cut euough longer to 
contain the same number of buds that are left 
on the four arms of vines trained according to 
the Kniffen system. The vines Bhould all run 
in one direction to avoid tangling. But few 
branches will get off or hang from the side of 
this trellis, as the vines will cling to the near¬ 
est object, and, if desired, these few can easily 
be thrown over the top. 
The advantages, as we have found them, 
are;—The clusters hang below the wire, not 
tangled with the wood and foliage, as in all 
other systems, and in a free circulation of air, 
and dry off quickly in the morning, which 
protects the bloom and prevents rot. Birds 
seldom creep down through the foliage to in- 
Skrtch of a New Wheat of the Palestine Kind—Kio. 71. 
hens cannot lay in with her or disturb her. A 
box of dust and plenty of food aud water are 
kept in this room during the sitting season. 
The hens hatch more chickens and do better 
than they would if left with the other fowls. 
The third, or last, room is used excl usively 
for roosting and is larger than the other 
rooms: it is divided from No. 2 by pickets or 
slats. On one side is a small door through 
which the fowls can pass into the yard. 
There is also a slide in the floor through which 
the manure can be dropped when the room 
needs cleaning. There are six windows in 
the house and each one is protected by wires. 
Oar fowls are mostly Plymouth Rocks, and 
we find that plenty of sour milk and warm 
feed cause them to lay more eggs. d d, 
Eddytown, N. Y. 
^Irboriodiiirai. 
FORESTRY NO. 33. 
No. 1—Part 1. 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
Planting seeds, cuttings—Layers— The Dib¬ 
ble and Trowel—The Spade—Propagation 
— Loudon's Methods. 
PLANTING IN THE NURSERY. 
The thorough preparation of the plot hav¬ 
ing been thus provided for, we may now give 
some directions as to the next procedure, 
that of stocking the ground with plants. 
This may be done by committing the seeds 
at once to the soil upon which they are to 
grow as in the case of species that are hardy 
and which will make a pretty vigorous 
growth in one season. Other free-growing 
kinds of trees that emit roots readily may be 
set as cuttings at once in the nursery rows; 
others are best multiplied by bending the 
branches to the ground, and of these, the 
rooted layers are now set out in rows to be 
nursed until they are large enough to be set 
in the plantation. The most of the nursery 
ground, however, will have to be planted 
with little seedling trees that have been pre¬ 
viously cared for in the seed-beds that will 
be further described at a later period. When 
thus set in the nursery the seeds, cuttings or 
plants are placed rather closely together, the 
ro ws being usually from three to four feet wide 
and the several plants from six to sixteen or 
more inches apart in the row9, according to 
the character of their growth, as they should 
not be allowed to crowd each other. 
It is desirable to have the rows straight, 
hence the garden line may be called Into 
requisition for planting. A slight excavar 
tion is made beside the line for the reception 
of the seeds: this may be made with a hoe 
corner, one, two, or three inches deep, accord¬ 
ing to the size and nature of the seeds. The 
cuttings are inserted into a slit made by the 
spade, or they can be set with a trowel or a 
dibble. Rooted layers and seedlings may 
need the excavation of a small ditch or fur¬ 
row of sufficient size to accommodate their 
roots. In planting these last care must be 
taken to bring the fresh mellow soil into close 
contact with the base of the cuttings or with 
the roots of the seedlings, and this should be 
formed by pressure from the foot, after which 
a little fresh earth may be drawn to the row. 
When the seeds are covered the earth may be 
pressed upon them by using a light roller or 
by the foot. Sometimes it is well to draw 
the earth into a little ridge directly over the 
seeds, which insures the retention of moisture 
until germination begins, when the careful 
raking down of the ridge breaks the crust 
which may have formed on the surface, and 
at the same time destroys the first crop of 
weed 9 from the row and enables the seedlings 
to rise to the light and air, soon after which 
the cultivator may be run in the interspaces. 
The use of the line, though recommended, 
is not necessary in well prepared soil, as the 
corn marker or a small plow will make a 
suffl; ient furrow for most seeds, and will 
guide the setting of outtings and small plants. 
In planting with the spade the cleft made to 
receive the sets may be closed and firmed 
sufficiently by reversing the tool when it is 
withdrawn, and again inserting it a few 
inches off and sending it home, then drawing 
the handle towards the operator. With a boy 
to set the plant or cutting this requires but 
two motions of tbe spade for each of the 
plants. In planting out small seedlings that 
have simple, undivided roots, or where these 
have been trimmed, and for setting cuttings 
in the nursery row, the line and dibble will be 
found convenient. An opening is made with 
the dibble, and the catting is inserted so that 
but one or two buds will appear above the 
surface, then a second Insertion of the dibble 
enables the planter to compress the earth 
about the base of the cutting or plant, and 
makes it firm, which greatly enhances its 
safety and encourages the formation of 
new roots. 
In consequence of the difficulty sometimes 
after treatment, to which Mr. Jenkins Adda, 
“ simple ringing in the Spring, without any 
application, but merely to encourage the for¬ 
mation of a callas at the point of ringing; 
when the shoots have well started the branch 
is divided at these points, and the sections 
are placed in the ground like cuttings, with toe 
points of the young shoots alone projecting.” 
g. By budding on other plants: success will 
depend upon the analogy between the plants, 
their condition as to activity, the season and 
the mode of performing the operation. 
h. By budding iu the Boil: leaves with buds 
in their axils, both deciduous and evergreens, 
and also buds without leaves, cut with a 
small portion of wood, young or old, will 
produce plants. Buds iu the roots of many 
species are also used in propagation. 
t. By grafting: this is practiced under the 
same regulations as budding. 
j. By inarching: here the same considera¬ 
tions have to be kept in view as in budding 
and grafting. This process is often called 
grafting by approach. 
Jure the grapes, and they cannot rest on the 
wing on the under side to do so. 
If the grapes are not cut until after frost the 
foliage protects the stems from becoming 
weakened by it, and we have discovered this 
year that the foliage remains green longer on 
these trellises than on vines trained according 
to the aide plan. On vines trained in accord 
ance with all the other systems there are from 
four to five feet of foliage thrown to the 
wind; in this only about one foot. Then, 
again, the wind is allowed to pass under and 
over the trellis, and consequently it will 
stand double the pressure withstood by other 
systems without being b.own down. 
We calculate it will cost $10 per acre 
for a season for hoeing under the wires 
in the ordinary way; on this plan the 
vineyard is cultivated both ways with a team 
and a slow workman can keep up in hoeing 
the little spots left around the vines and posts. 
The setting of the vines 10 feet apart would 
allow about six feet for air and light between 
tbe arbors, and if the practice of growing 
v egetables and strawberries between the rows 
is continued, there is sufficient light and much 
more air than in the old system. 
If there is anything in the new hanging- 
down system which is being practiced here to 
some extent—which is to allow the ends of the 
annual growths to hang towards and on the 
ground—it can be done more effectually from 
these upper wires than on the plan of 
stretching one wire along the top of the posts 
as that shuts the fruit from tbe air on each side. 
We find that the grapes are protected above 
by the foliage during hail-stormH.whileonside 
trellises they have been frequently ruined,and, 
last but not least, the fruit is all ripened in 
the shade as no grapes ever ripen so early and 
perfectly in the sun. A. J. Caywood. 
GREEN-HOUSE SPRINKLINGS. 
How the fable of the b'lys and frogs applies 
to I he many walks of life] Here, to-day, it is 
vividly impressed upon my mind by tbe sight 
of our little collection of plants; watering 
that is just enough for one is too much for 
another, but smoke is the cause of much grief 
to-day; for yesterday the florist put some 
'tobacco on a pan of hot coals and shut the 
door; no trace of living vermin can be found: 
the roses are as fresh as in June: so are many 
other things, but the leaves of the cinerarias 
and heliotropes are curled and withered, while 
those of some double white petunias are 
blotched and scorched. Sport to roses, death 
to heliotropes, and that is one of the disad¬ 
vantages of a mixed collection in a small glass 
house. We tried the plan of boiling tobacco 
and fumigating by evaporation, but it did not 
work, aud the constant smell of stewing to¬ 
bacco was very unpleasant. The rosea are 
seuding out new shoots and we only want the 
strong sunshine to have plenty of flowers. 
Primroses bloom well, but several of ours have 
dropped off after coming into flower; yet 
they did not seem to have too much water. I 
find carnations very satisfactory; they stand 
an uneven temperature better than most 
things, are hardy and constant in bloom, the 
flowers being showy and remaining long in 
blossom. The Yellow Jessamine is very sat¬ 
isfactory with me, the long sprays of bright 
flowers are fragrant and pretty, though they 
do not last long but drop their gold all over 
the floor of the green-house, to the delight of 
the children who carefully gather them up. 
The daisies are blooming with us, strong and 
sturdy, and mignonette has the same growth. 
But the pansies and violets utterly refuse to 
bloom, and noamountof coaxing brings even 
a bud to sight. It is a pity for these are our 
favorites. Annie L Jack. 
Sachins. 
NEBRASKA STATE HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY, 
Winter Meeting, 
(Rural Special Report.) 
The increasing interest in fruit and forest 
growing brought together the representative 
men of Nebraska at tbe State capital, and 
the meeting which has been in session three 
days has been the largest ever held here. Re¬ 
ports were received from different sections 
showing large crops of grapes, mostly Con¬ 
cord; and there is a tendency towards grow¬ 
ing better varieties. Snyder Blackberries; 
Tamer, Gregg and Black cap Raspberries 
have grown full crops. Strawberries bore 
well, encouraging large planting. Apples 
have generally escaped the codling moth 
and are of flue quality, bringing a good price, 
but the quantity is not sufficient to supply 
one^tenth of the home demand. At the meet 
ing 100 plates of the finest Winter apples were 
exhibited, some from the southern counties 
and some from the uorthern part of the State, 
all alike attractive in appearance and of rich 
flavor. The following well known varietien 
were prominent: Wine Sap, Jonathan, Do 
rainie, Ben Davis, Rawle’s Janet, Willow 
Twig, Swaar, Peck’s Pleasant, Yellow Bell 
flower, Baldwin, Northern Spy, Smokehouse, 
Missouri Pippin, Romanite, Ortley, Rome 
Beauty, T til man, Ramadell aud Bentley’s 
Sweets, 8eek-no-Further, Milam, etc. 
Reports showed very large forest planting 
the paat year, and the trees everywhere had 
made a successful growth. The trees were 
mostly soft-wooded varieties—poplars, wil 
lows, etc.—which are the pioneers and furnish 
early protection and fuel. The western por 
tion of the State is combining stock with 
grain growing and the farmers are all plant¬ 
ing groves for protection for cattle and 6heep. 
The older planters have ceased planting cot¬ 
tonwood and are giving attention to walnut, 
ash, uatalpa, black cherry, oaks and hick¬ 
ories, all of which succeed well. Some early 
