APRIL 7 
THE RURAL fflEW-YORKER, 
245 
(lour or moal from different. grains, and as one 
may have an excellent mill but cannot get fine 
(lour out of oats with it, so one may have an 
excellent cow and cannot got milk out of her 
by the u*o of straw or poor hay. And it is 
equally true that the very beat, of feed may lie 
wasted upon a poor cow. Therefore the first 
requisite to produce cheap milk is to have a 
dairy of good cows. 
Wlrnt is a good cow P'or milk, it may be 
replied a good cow is oue that will yield not 
less than 20 quarts a day when fresh, and will 
hold on to her product so long that her yearly 
.yield will not be less than 3,000 quarts. ••Then" 
many persons will remark, “ there are very 
few good cows winch is certainly quite true, 
for if it were otherwise it would be useless 
labor to enter into this present discussion at all. 
There would bo no need of it. Every dairy¬ 
man will cheerfully agree with this definition 
of a good cow, but very, very, few are able to 
point to a herd of such cows in their stables. 
But there are such herds, and the fact that 
there are is sufficient to convince us that there 
may be more. Cows of this kind cannot be 
bought, at least not at such prices as will con¬ 
duce to our object. They are worth more than 
a dairyman can afford to give for them. But 
yet they are to be procured. They are, 
however, boru, not bought; and he who would 
have such a herd must breed and rear them. 
There are places where dairymen need not read 
these lines nor study this subject; where land 
is cheap and cows are cheap, aud a t25-eow 
pastured on a $20-an-acre meadow may profita¬ 
bly yield seven quarts of t.wo-eont-a-quart milk 
a day and leave a living profit for those who 
like such living. 
But the days are coming, and now are, 
when the very great majority of dairymen 
need to study this subject very closely iu order 
to keep even with the world aud enjoy reason¬ 
able comfort in their homesteads. Then how 
are these' profitable cows to be procured i They 
must lie bred and reared. Then the breed must 
be chosen. If the purpose is milk, it should lie 
a steady, life-long purpose. This Ls to bo un¬ 
derstood at the outset. The dairyman must 
uot make milk for a few mouths or a year aud 
give it up aud make butter or sell bis cows and 
grow hops or some other speculative crop, but 
he must, make it his steady life business to 
establish a herd of good cows. He may choose 
the Dutch, if he likes a large breed aud has a 
rich pastuiv or will go to the trouble of growing 
soiling crops; or he may choose well-selected 
grade Short-horns and use a pure Ayrshire 
bull i«> cross upon them; or, if fits land Ls light, 
ho may choose any really good native cows 
that he can procure and cross them with an 
Ayrshire bull from a good milking family. 
Such au animal can be procured for $100 at the 
outside, and will be really worth to the dairy¬ 
man a thousand. Whatever mav be said about 
this or that breed for milk, for sule or l’or the 
factory, there is abundant proof that these two 
kiuds of cattle, grade Dutch and grade Ayr¬ 
shire*, are the very best for a large yield of 
good and cheap milk. 
The heifer calves from such cows will not go 
to the butcher. That so many dairy calves 
are made into veal is one principal reason why 
we have so many poor dairy cows. A dairy 
man who lias u good herd is too apt to measure 
the value of a few months’ milk by that of the 
calf at the butcher's price, forgetting that the 
value of a promising calf is much above the 
price of the veal it will make. As it costs no 
more to feed a good calf than a poor oue, the 
whole of the extra value of the cow it would 
make belongs to the calf at its birth, aud if the 1 
cow will be worth $20 more than a common 
one. the calf is worth $20 more than its veal 
price. The dairy can never prosper ns it 
should and would do, while dairymen are so 
apt to think that it will uot puy to rear their 
heifer calves. And if the calf is worth raising 
it is worth raising well. This can be done upon 
skimmed milk as well as upon now milk. A 
dairy cow should have a large frame with a 
largo capacity for digestion. Both of these 
are results of training, und skimmed milk is 
the very best food for these purposes. Fat 
certainly helps to keep up the warmth of an | 
animal. But cream is a very costly fuel. A j 
handful of wood in a stove is much cheaper 
than a quart of cream. Ho it is cheaper to j 
warm the sweot, skimmed milk aud thus warm 
the animal. Indeed it would lie cheaper to 
warm the calf-pen with a stove than to furnish 
the requisite fat to u arm the young animals ; 
sufficiently in the shai>e of cream. But with 
reasonably comfortable pens and warm milk, 
with perhaps a tablespooiifid of molasses daily 
to sweeten the moss of milk, a calf may be 
roared in the very best manner, if milk is 
scarce many substitutes may be made. Home 
of the sweetest clover lmy, kept for tho pur¬ 
pose and cut early, may be used fur making 
hay tea as the basis of such substitutes. To 
this a pint of infusion of linseed meal or cotton¬ 
seed meal; with another pint of gruel made 
from rasped, hard-boiled, dry rye or buckwheat 
moal, tied up iu a cloth (boiled for six hours), 
may bo added, with a pinch of salt and a table 
spoonful of molasses. Two quarts of this 
drink, with a quart of skimmed milk, will 
make a very good and cheap meal for a cal f. 
When the calf is past n month old it mayhave 
a very little of the row’s food—mixed bran 
and oats and com ground—ouco a flay, and as 1 
it learns to ea^this it may haven handful once 
a day. But special care should be taken not I 
to over-feed it. That produces indigestion and t 
indigestion causes diarrham, and this pullsany | 
young animal down very fast, indeed. If this j 
trouble occurs it maybe stopped at once by 
giving one quart of uow milk warm from the i 
cow and no more, until by this lightfecding and 1 
the soothing effect of the fresh milk the irrita- ' 
tion of the stomach and bowels is removed and 
the digestive functions are restored This 
method of feeding enlarged, as the young uui- j 
mal grows, may bo continued until it goes to 1 
pasture, when, excepting for its proper (nun- 
ing, all the real trouble aud cost of rearing it 
are over. In time it will come into the dairy as j 
one of the best tools or machines the dairyman 
can have to work with for the cheap and prof¬ 
itable production of milk. 
±arin Ccoffoffuj. 
AN AGREEABLE HIDE. 
Farmers are indebted to the inventor and 
the mechanic. They are doing much to re¬ 
lieve his labor of its drudgery aud exalt his 
profession by substituting the toil of brain for 
the strain of umsele. The mower, reaper and 
thrasher have revolutionized certain depart¬ 
ments of tedious and toilsome farm work. 
Will the other departments that now weary 
the limits and exhaust the vigor of the prac¬ 
tical farmer be made as easy aud expeditious 
by the inventive skill of our meehunics ? 
When we take a ride on the corniug machine 
which breaks Up, pulverizes aud seeds the soil 
at one operation we shall think the milleuium 
of farm life is near at hand. 
Au approach toward such a period Ls marked 
by the great and numerous improvements 
made in our harrows, and as the actual expe¬ 
riences of farmers form au instructive ele¬ 
ment in a gotxl agricultural paper, 1 will 
return a little for the “much” these pages have 
given to me. 
1 have used for one season a spring-tooth 
sulky harrow aud cultivator with such great 
satisfaction that I wish all who \s ill trudge in a 
cloud of dust through the soft soil behind 
their peg-toothed harrows might mount my 
Chariot, at least long enough to get their 
breath. My harrow is mounted on wheels 
which are four feet high, and has fifteen teeth 
that resemble the leaf of a wagon-spring bent 
into the shape of a letter S of unequal crooks. 
Of these there are fifteen, arranged in three 
different sets in a manner making it very 
difficult to choke. Its effectiveness in pulver¬ 
izing the soil far exceeds that of my old- 
fashioned letter-A harrow, and running over 
an inverted sod the machine can lie set so ax 
to scrape the soil loose without running deep 
enough to touch the sod itself The ability to 
gauge the depth of t he work is one of the valu¬ 
able features, while the thoroughness and ease 
to the driver complete the attraction. 1 har¬ 
rowed 30 acres of land recently cleared of 
i stumps and the implement's spring teeth went 
over the stumps like those of a hay-rake, aud 
worked so closely to them that there was 
hardly a square foot in t he field that was not 
torn up. No teeth were broken or misplaced 
by the severe tests applied. 
We also did all the cultivating ou six acres 
of corn (except the last time) with our harrow. 
By removing two tooth and striding the row, 
the machine worked very close to the corn 
aud true. The spring seat was uot disdained, 
ami the relief given for much of the drudgery 
of early Summer was highly appreciated. 
Perhaps l should add that the pole is V-shaped, 
and thus the eye can follow the row without 
obstruction. 1 have not yet tried the seeder 
and fertilizer attachments, but am so thor¬ 
oughly satisfied w ith the harrow that 1 shall 
get its entire outfit, though I send to Michi¬ 
gan to obtain it. c. e. t. 
Evaporated Sweet Corn. 
Whenever StowelTs Evergreen sweet corn 1 
goes much below $1.00 per 100 ears, wo evap<>- 
rate and have never boon able to supply the 
demand of our local market at lStx wholesale, > 
when the best dried Ls worth only 10 to lie. 
Properly manipulated it is equal iu appear¬ 
ance ami superior iu quality to the best canned 
corn, a fact beginning to lie known. 1 look 
for its popularity to increase in the same ratio 
as that of evaporated fruits. Poor or old corn 
evaporated of course is i>oor stuff still. 
Poughkeepsie, N, Y. E. b. u. 
Another Shingle Coat, —Add to H. G. O.'s 
resiu varnish—as per Rural of Feb. 24—a 
quantity of Brandon, or any metallic mineral 
(in dry state) sufficient for paint consistency 
and you will have a spark-proof as well as 
water-proof roof with it. w. H O. 
1883—SPR! NC—1883. 
Now is the lim<' to prepare i 
Vf.iu r,r,|.-r- for >K%V and 
lit H K Fniji and Ornamnni.al 
Shrnli.s In nritlTi'im, 
BOSKS, VISES. KTC. 
lf' .-idnsmany iv-iruule Novelties* we offer thelargest 
flirt most •:tniipl'*!egeneral Steele of Fruit and Oriiatrien- 
till Tens iu the United Suite*. 'bridged Catalogin' 
mailed free. Address KI.V.WAXOER <*• BARRY, 
Ml. IIo|»e Swrwrlt'K. BiK'liutter, S Y. 
SEED CORN. 
Sen Rural of Feb. 17 th 
description by Ur. 
-SiurtevBtU.. in l<si page. 
Yellow Flint, s-rowed, has jiruduced. 123 bushels per 
acre. This most carefully bred Tudlnn corn in exist* 
cnee. Our sen I was grown ou Waushakum Farm and 
from Weil twice toil by l)r. Sturtevant. Bushel, f* 
peck, $1.25; quart, by mall, 15 Cents. 
Sibley’s Pride 
Yellow Dent, tfi- 
rowed; earliest ma- 
, turlng Dent Corn 
grown. Originated and the seed Is grown on the 
northern border of Iowa. It ripened In Minnesota 
Michigan, New York, Vermont, etc., last season, the 
worst for corn in 25 years, In many localities where 
Dent Corn had not before been ripened. Ordinary 
yields, SO to 100 bushels per acre. Bushel, $4.50; peek 
$1.25; quart, by mall to cents. 
IS SCARCE. 
During the last unfavorable season very little corn 
matured suitable for seed, therefore 
Get the Best. 
We keep full stocks of all the standard varieties of 
Seed Corn which we are eontident will germinate, 
because we send out none except Its vitality has been 
Carefully Tested. 
We have recently published the only work of the 
kind ever Issued, a GRAIN AND FARM SEEDS MAN¬ 
UAL (Illustrated, SS pages), containing histories of 
Indian Corn, Wheat and other cereals, by Dr. E. T,. 
Sturtevant; Methods of Culture by B, F. Johnson. 
Essay on Grasses by Prof. W. J. Beal; and descrip¬ 
tions of uU the new and standard varieties of Farm 
Seeds. Price 10 emits. Annual Catalogue and Price 
List Free. 
HIRAM SIBLEY & CO., Seedsmen, 
Rochester, N. Y., aud Chicago, 111. 
THE RURAL 
Premium Corn. 
Thoroughbred Flint, 
and Rural Dent. 
Price of each, 25 cents per packet: (50 cents 
per pint; $1.00 per quart, by mail, post-paid. 
B. ix. BLIHS & HONS, 34 Barclay St., N. Y. 
EM.miv’.i Crape Vines.) 
LAIIY dm! IVl;i'.'..ire. Golden Puckliilgtou. and Kurlv 
Victor und loo ..rlt.-r choirr- Varieties. Smd f,,[ I’n'ct* 
List to KKO. IV. C.tlll‘KKI.1., I)i'l;oiO. 
SUGAR CANE SEED. 
Early Amber, Early Orange, Texas Orange, Hon- 
durus. Litterbin, and Stewart's Hybrid Vatu* Seeds, 
raised separate and kept sound and pure, fur sale in 
large or small quantities, at reasonable rates, by 
Messrs. .Schwarz A Gillespie, of the uak Hill Hctlntng 
Co. Prices on application. Address 
SCHWARZ .X GILLESPIE, 
Lock Box (Bl. Edwardsville, Ill. 
$ 66 - 
IN PRIZES WILL BE PAID To DflVC 
FOR GARDEN I ML BUlO 
Send for a I' 
•‘SekdTime asd Harvest. 
I sane F. Tilling buM, Lit 
ee specimen copy i.f the April No. of 
‘ ■lUil 
i psr 
Plu 
me. Pa. 
SEEDS 
OF THE FINEST QUALITY 
FOR FARMand GARDEN. 
SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
A. D. COWAN & CO. 
GROWERS & IMPORTERS 
114 CHAMBERS ST. NEWY0RK 
SIXTEEN SPLENDID 
CeraniumS 
EITHER SINGLF OR DOUBLE, for only $ 1 . 33 .. 
*Jr $ Single and 6 Double boru. or 6 s.ngic.A Dvul'te null 
s Scented, or 16 H.cr Blooming Rose*, or 4 GvmnmmsJ 
H 
I Uu>H 
tented Cutulngiic of Plant. umi Seed* free. 
INyiBFALLEN GREENHOUSES. Springfield, 0.1 
Plants, also Fine l*ot Plants OU 
Frnft r 'a H ' " r Trees und Plants. 
a Llnismentnl.i Send for our Cutalc 
Address. W. S. LITTLE, Kocheater, N. 
BEST MARKET PEAR 
PEACH, Pl.t M, PEAK, APPLE, 
Ol INC E and ether trees, 50sorts 
STRAWBERRIES 
fUnon 1 «<»,C re«e*i\tMmiui'tcy f £harptt*<i 
S2 per 1000. Knspberaes,Black. 
ls*mes. Currants, ») »orts of gra; es. 
Loir mi eas/ipriert. $*iid /or Catalogue 
J, S. COLLINS, Mixrrvstown.N. J. 
FRESH ONION SEED 
AT LESS THAN HALF PRICE. 
To Introduce my Seed, 1 will send prepaid by mall, t<* 
any address 
Packet, t ox. U lb. 1 lb. 
Yellow On 11 v*vs OLdori Seed.. 5c. Wo. SOc. $1.00 
! Large Welherstleld Red. 5 U S3 1.10 
Large Early Red. 5 15 HI 1.2*1 
[ Also, at greatly reduced rates, the following choice 
Seeds, all of my own growth. warranted fresh and 
• good or money refunded; 
f Packet. 1 oz. 541b. 1 lb. 
I Horrlri Yellow Globe Mangel 
Wurzel. . 5c. 15c. 30c. 
i Egyptian Bloorl Turnip Beet. 5c. 3 25 75 
, Long Smooth Blood-Red Beet 5 15 50 
] Harris ITaU' Long Parrot. 5 10 25 80 
Cabbage Lettuec, “The'Dea- 
I con,"..... 5 25 75 82.7T. 
; Musk .Melon,Early Christiana 5 10 S5 1.10 
Parsnip,Long Dutch. 5 15 50 
Pumpkin, "Possum Nose,".... 5 30 l!0 2.0U 
Radish, Kose-Oilve Shape. 5 15 so 
These Seeds are of the very best quality, and I want 
everybody to try them IhlsSprlng. The Seeds will be 
seat, pre-putd, by mail the day the order Is received. 
I guarantee thetr safe delivery in good order. 
Address JOSEPH HARRIS, 
Morel ou Farm, Rochester. N. Y. 
P.S. Cat. for with directions for cultivation, free. 
Wliite Elephant Potatoes for sale at $1.50 per bush. 
“ el or $f per bbl. Address C, I. BAILEY, 
Canton, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. 
! OF 30 VARIETIES OF POTATOES 
grown la 82. the Wall's OraDge seed from Tll- 
litighast and White Star seed from B. K, BUss, 
t offered on Feb, 24 and March 3d of your paper 
so low that I do not wonder that you are asked 
if I am reliable. To prove to you and to your 
readers, let me say that I grow about 4,000 bushels 
each year, and you will find enclosed a single order 
of 240 barrel* potatoes from one seedsman, which I 
think will ho sufficient to show to your readers that 
it is for their benefit to give me a fair share of their 
patronage. Yours respectfully. 
JOStAH HAWKINS, 
Southport, Conn. 
CHOICE 
CALIFORNIA 
Seeds 
CATALOGUE MAILED FREE. 
Vegetable, Flower, 
Tree, 
ALFALFA 
AND 
Far] 
T1IOS. A. COX & CO., 
Seed Farmers A Merchants 
Warehouse, 409 Sansome St., Sau Frauciseo, 
California. 
nnifTrP h ,r quantities. Flue 
I HI 1 1 r n 8loci£ ° r Garden Peas. 
I 1IIULU uwti growth; Imi’Uoveli 
kh Onion Seed. Descriptive Catalogue 
of other Seeds, Plants, Vinos, etc., mailed free. Ad¬ 
dress JOHN H. MYKRS, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 
SPECIAL 
Yellow D im 
SMALL FRUIT PLANTS. 
Strawberries, Raspberries. Blackberries, Grapes. 
Ac. Good plants at reasonable prices. Send for fuff 
descriptive price list to COE A CON VERSE 
Fort Atkinson. Wls. 
Raspberry, the best. Every one should 
have It. All Small Fruit. Send for Fata 
logue free. 
J. IRVIN JOHNSON. 
PALMYRA, Wayne Co.. X. Y. 
ROCHESTER, 
A NEW TOMATO. 
The ROCHESTER la the product of a cross be¬ 
tween the Acme aud Lester’s Perfected, and la own 
sister to the Mayflower. As targe as the Garfield, but 
as smooth as the Acme. It Ls undoubtedly the lar- 
trest smooth Tomato. Firm, dark skin; bears 
transportation well; absolutely 110 cores ripens 
close to thi stem; did not decay last season ou heavy 
; or light soil; delicious flavor. For sale by the 
packet only, *25 cts.; five packets, 81.00. 
HIRAM SIBLEY Jt CO., Secdsuieu, 
.Rochester, N. \ r . Chicago. 111. 
SEEDS! 
FARMERS 
GARDENERS 
NURSERYMEN 
Tt payatohavu gc.vitnolsand seeds. 
It pay a to buy of a reliable home. 
It will pay yon to e. ud for our 
Illustrated Catalogue. 
IMPLEMENTS 
Philadelphia Tjiwn Mower, 
~ ‘ l Broa “ 
Cabixin Tin mk-.e-t K.*c 1 Sow r, | 
Matthews’ sml Prills, and 
other first-class goods. 
Eirri/thintf for the Lawn. Oar-1 
den. Givcnhon*.* "r N 1 CH.-ry. 
We IVAItlM NT every thing ns represented. 
| YVE ARE THE 
SOLE 
WESTERN 
AtJENTS. 
HIRAM SIBLEY & GO. 
SEEDS AND IMPLEMENTS, 
wm- ill -- * -ited. Cattdogue sent free, 
ltiiclmlrr, VV. Chicago, UL 
SE EDS! 
£AJ?^ E 0 N * A BEST qualities^ 
FIELD & f LOWEST PRICES. 
p| A m p» n I Ulu.tr.tcd a Po.criptiT* Cats* 
r »w W t n 11 mailed on anplicatioa. 
J. M. MCCULLOUGH’S SONS, 
ifcuhuahad iga«j 136 Walnut St.,CwemmH0. 
