APRIL M 
237 
and many persons are apt to say “this is the 
fault of the college,” 
I think that is laying the charge at the wrong 
man’s door. The seeds of this growth were 
sown on the farm. No matter how much the man 
may like farming, a nd no matter how strong his 
desire that the sou should continue on the old 
homestead and make a successful farmer, the 
chances are nine to one that the course which 
he has pursued with the boy has turned the 
latter's mind directly against the business and 
made him swear to himself when he started 
off to college: “If you ever catch me on a 
farm after I'm my own boss, I hope somebody 
will kick me across a 10-acre lot.” The fault 
is in the home-life of the farmer—in the 
gradual and unconscious training (or, rather 
lack of training) which the boy has received 
from the time he was big enough to carry 
water to the held until he had to do a man’s 
work. The alpha and omega of his instruc¬ 
tion have been, “Work, my son. work.” He 
has never been told that it is not simply work, 
but intelligent work which achieves the highest 
result; and without any distinct idea of the 
aim of life he has long since resolved that the 
aim of a boy should be to get off of the farm. 
What is the remedy f Any suggestion of a 
remedy would require a long chapter, and l 
shall simply ask, does not this subject resolve 
itself into the old question, ‘‘How shall we 
keep the boys on the farmf’ clem auldon. 
“Gardening for Profit” in the issue of Jan. 
6th. criticising the action of a well-known 
Western college in not retaining the services 
of a “German gardener” recommended by the 
above author for the head of the Horticultui-al 
Department, and appointing in bis place an 
“educated professor” to fill the chair of horti¬ 
culture. The college referred to is the 
Michigan Agricultural College, a college that 
I am proud to claim as my a him mater The 
Michigan Board of Agriculture have been 
endowed with sufficient judgment to select a 
faculty for their college not surpassed in 
ability and reputation in any industrial col¬ 
lege in the country. The influence of this 
faculty has sent almost 50 per cent, of the 
graduates, and a larger percentage of students 
who have not graduated, back to the farm. 
While Mr. Henderson may be authority on 
“poseys and garden sass ”—and I. for one, owe 
much to his teachings—I beg leave to suggest, 
that the Michigau Board of Agriculture, 
judging from what they have done, may be 
fully as competent to select a man for a chair 
in their college as the author of the well- 
known works on gardening. 
The ' * educated professor ” who was selected 
instead of the “ German gardener” for Pro¬ 
fessor of Horticulture is Mr. James 8a t ter lee. 
who graduated from the college in I860. Mr. 
Sattorlee has been engaged in fanning and 
fnrit-growing since leaving college, and has 
been successful. He has for some years been 
a prominent member of the Michigan Pomo- 
logical Society, and Vice-President for the 
county in which he lived. He is well posted 
and familiar with the fruit-growing of the 
State, the great horticultural interest of 
Michigan, and competent to give instruction, 
practical in the field, as well as theoretical in 
the class-room. The appointment is indorsed 
by the alumni of the college and horticul¬ 
turists of the State. 
I mean no offense in the above remarks, as 
I certainly have no sympathy with the •• kid- 
gloved professor” in the agricultural college. 
When, however, a fling is make at the Mich. 
Agricultural College, where every professor 
is a hard-working, practical man. whether 
and stock keeping that they are earned on in 
such a loose and improvident manner as would 
speedily ruin any other business whatever. 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS, 
What is milk ? Dr. Sturtevant says it is 
not a secretion, and Mr.L. B. Arnold says it is. 
I agree with Mr. Arnold. What is a secretion, 
then ? Ijecause the question comes to that. Dr. 
Carpenter says “it is a liquid substance that 
is separated from the blood, and not destined 
to agaitventev into the circulation or to form 
part of the tissues,” A tear, for iustauc-e, is a 
direct secretion from the lachrymal gland. 
Pus is an indirect secretion from a diseased 
portion of the tissues. And milk is certainly 
a secretion from the blood and so is the cream. 
For if these substances have not their origin in 
the blood, whence do they come The fact 
that milk is wholly a secretion explains a good 
many things in regard to it, as the presence of 
Mood, red Mood globules, pus and other impu¬ 
rities in it under certain disordered conditions 
of the animal. We have, also, a question raised 
as to the character of the fats in the milk; 
whether they are vegetable or auimal fats. 
There would seem to be very little doubt about 
this, for when a vegetable produces fat from 
the soil or other sources, it is not a mineral 
fat but a vegetable substance, and so when an 
animal digests vegetable fats they surely be¬ 
come animal substances. It certainly does not 
seem to be wise to cloud these popular ques¬ 
tions in regard to milk and butter with such 
questionable and incorrect suggestions; be¬ 
cause they mislead those who trust to others, 
supposed to be better informed, fortheir ideas. 
AYRSHIRE COW TIBBY (No. 1893). 
This fine beast is the property of Charles K. 
Harrison, of Maryland, and was dropped Jan¬ 
uary 20, 1870. She has received five first prizes 
and has never been beaten for first place in any 
show ring in which she has been exhibited. 
She, when fresh in 1881, gave over seven gallons 
a day for two months. She is by imp. Robbie 
Burns (804) out of Belle by Sir Colin, and is 
descended from a fine milking strain imported 
by the late Sir James Logan, of Canada. Tib- 
by is a regular breeder as well as a deep milk¬ 
er, having had 10 calves. She was first fresh 
in 1872. Her premiums were: first as a year¬ 
ling at Richmond, Va., State Fair in 1871; 
Maryland State Fair,asa three-year-old, 1873; 
Maryland State Fair, as cow, 1874, 1875, 1878; 
all flirts. She was nlso in the herd that wou 
the flirt herd prize for four years at the Mary¬ 
land State Fair. So low was her udder that 
an ordinary pail could not be used in milking. 
NOTES BY A STOCKMAN. 
“* The low price of wool is inducing many 
owners of sheep to get, rid of their flocks.’» 
This statement is repeated constantly in the 
papers. It is very unwise. A wise shepherd 
would rather strive to make the production of 
wool cheaper by bettering his flock and always 
consider that he takes his flock “ for better or 
for worse.” 
CxUxaxn 
REFUSED AND REFUSING. 
A discovery lias recently been announced 
by the well-known veterinarian, George Flem¬ 
ing, which may throw some light upon the 
character of a disease which is becoming quite 
prevalent among cattle. A friend recently 
described to me a case in which one of his 
high-bred Jersey bulls became affected with a 
disease of the bones of the head. The disease 
flirt appeared as a swelling on the jaw; it 
gradually spread and the animal became una¬ 
ble to eat and had to be slaughtered. The 
swollen parts were found to be filled with white. 
The folly of the Jersey cattle speculation 
grows and becomes still more plain and palpa¬ 
ble. A speculator who has a large importa. 
tion on hand waiting to be sold in May next,, 
gives *10,000 for a bull, to a brother specula¬ 
tor. and the latter then gives $12,500 for a bull 
Calf seven weeks old. This is the way the 
stock speculators of another kind “ hull” prices, 
and the methods of both classes are so much 
alike that one can scarcely tell “t'other from 
which.” 
-♦♦♦- 
Col. Gillett, of Illinois, is 
one of the most successful 
breeders and feeders of beef 
cattle. He is conspicuous in 
the cattle exhibitions and in 
the markets for his excellent 
fat. beeves, and he says that 
the profit upon a two-year-old 
steer is over $50, while that on 
a four-year-old is only $18. 
There is nothing new iu this, 
but how few stock-growers 
act upou it. A man who has 
a Pcflaml-China hog which 
weighs lJKH) pounds or over, 
is asking advice aliout keep¬ 
ing it until it weighs 400 or ,>; 4 
500 pounds more. If my ad¬ 
vice would be likely to reach " 
him, I should say “ Don’t.” , 
-:o-o:- . ;v> 
1 NOTICE that the Agricul¬ 
tural Gazette recently stated 
that outbreaks of “ foot-and- , s 
mouth” disease, or epizootic 
aphtha, in England, Ireland 
and Scotland can bo traced 
to the landing of a cargo of 
fat beasts at Liverpool from 
America. How can that be t No one 
ever hears of that, disease in America it 
is quite unknown here. It may be that the 
stalls ou the steamer had become infested in 
some way by English cattle and so conveyed 
( Concluded .) 
The next day Evan Ware had left Farming- 
dale for j'ears, if not for ever. He went morti¬ 
fied and unhappy; but, strange to say, as much 
in love as ever. He was very .young and very 
modest, and Mattie Burt’s uncalled-for insult 
took upon itself after a day or two the form 
of honestly plain speaking. 
“Of course it was a piece of impertinence, 
and of course she couldn’t think of me,” he 
said. “I was crazy to think of 
it. But some day—some day 
I will be rich, and have a name 
of some kind.” 
Fortune-making is slop¬ 
work. Evan was prosperous, 
but at first only moderately 
so; and mouths rolled by, and 
years, and he grew to be a 
tall, broad-shouldered man, 
with a great brown beard, 
before he was half rich 
enough to go back to Farmi- 
ngdale. 
The time came at last, how 
ever. He knew his success 
had become known in his na¬ 
tive place; he knew also that 
Miss Burt had married and 
pas a widow; and when he 
left China it was with the full 
intention of establishing him¬ 
self as a merchant in London, 
and marrying Mattie, if she 
- was to he won. Such an 
image as he carried pith him. 
and over the ocean of guile¬ 
less beauty and loveliness no 
artist’s pencil ever painted, 
and he took it p ith him to Farmingdale. 
There it vanished. 
Before he had been in the place throe days 
he had seen Mattie, now Mrs. Fay, and talked 
p ith her. She was very pretty still, but years 
had brought her character into her face, and 
she pas decidedly course. He saw now that 
she was ignorant and vulgar, and that only his 
own youthful ignorance had caused him to 
overlook the fact in those old times when he 
had fancied her perfection, and the dream of 
so many years p-as over. 
Nop-, that Evan lYare had returned rk h and 
prosperous, he might have consoled himself 
pith the affections of almost any marriage¬ 
able female in Farmingdale. He pas the 
lion of the place—courted, flattered, and smiled 
upon by budding misses, spinsters and widows. 
Every one but Lizzie Gale smiled upon him. 
She, mindful through all these years of the 
cold parting on the bridge, vouchsafed him 
only the chilliest recognition: aud the fact 
annoyed him. She had grown to be a very 
fine-looking woman; and he remembered what 
a kind, pleasant girl she used to be, and longed 
to know more of her. He longed in vain. She 
repulsed his attentions, aud kept him at a dis- 
tmice. Yet all the while she secretly admired 
him. and her greatest motive for the manner 
she adopted was her fear lest Evan should 
fancy she hud been pining for him. 
The VVidow Fay felt no such scruples. Old 
Mr. Burt, before he died, had speculated iu 
some bubble aud ruined hhnself; and instead 
of being the groat [heiress all her little world 
cheesy deposit, indicative of wbnt has been 
commonly supposed to bo scrofulous or. tuber¬ 
culous deposit and degeneration of the spongy 
tissues of the bones. Dr. Fleming has discov¬ 
ered in such cheesy matter a vegetable para¬ 
site having a growth iu form und nppeai’ance 
much like very minute 1 raspberries or cauli¬ 
flowers. It affects the tongue, lips and the 
membranes and bones of t he palate, the nasal 
sinuses and jaw-bones. It is contagious, and is 
allied in some respects to the common green 
mold which grows upon organic matters in 
damp places. It is strongly suspected that the 
majority of tumors ou the jaws of cattle, and 
of some diseases of the throat, are due to this 
newly-discovered cause. It is a matter which 
calls for the closest investigation by breeders 
of valuable stock. 
FARMERS’ SONS AND AGRICULTUR¬ 
AL COLLEGES. 
A great deal is being said about the sphere 
aud usefulness of agricultural colleges. Prof. G. 
C. Caldwell, in the Rural of November 25, 
argues that the fault is with the fannera, who 
take no interest in the matter.and that “ninety- 
nine hundredths of the farmers do not see any 
use for a course at one of these colleges, either 
for themselves or their children; * * and 
will neither go near the college nor send their 
sous there;” while Peter Henderson, in criti¬ 
cising the Professor's article, seems to carry 
the idea that an agricultural education fails 
to make a successful farmer, and for this rea¬ 
son farmers will not “walk up to the rack; fod¬ 
der or no fodder.” 
It seems to me there is another feature which 
eutei-s into the consideration of this subject. 
It has been said that agricultural schools are 
a failure, inasmuch as they educate boys off of 
the farm . If a medical school or law college 
turns out 50 graduates you naturally look upon 
that number as so many recruits to the rauks 
of the law' or medicine; but it nu agricultural 
college turns out 50 graduates you don't know 
what to expect. You may anticipate that 
five out of the 50 will go back ou to the farm. 
Now, theu, what is the matter? IVhere* lies 
the trouble? There is a nut hwise somewhere. 
1 have said before, and it is-a good time to 
repeat it. that there is scarcely a single acci¬ 
dent or any mischief whatever happening to 
farm animals but what might be avoided or 
prevented by care. Cows about to calve are 
left in the stanchions or tied up and the calves 
are lost, while the torment and worry to the 
poor cows may bring on milk fever aud they 
may Ik* lost. limbing ewes are left in the 
yard with cows and pigs and the lambs are 
lost.. Mures ure driven on slippery roads or 
overworked und underfed und the colts are lost. 
And so on through the whole category, l 
have seeu a cow in a neighbor’s yard chased 
about by a wretched hog aud the feet of the 
calf eaten off liciforo it was born. This was 
some years ago, aud to-day the same farmer has 
his cows, sheep aud pigsall running in the same 
yard. He has a large burying-grouiul just 
outside. It is too often the case in famiiug 
educational 
GERMAN GARDENER” AND 
TED PROFESSOR.” 
1 have lead with interest the communica¬ 
tions ou agricultural colleges from several 
contributors to the Knew,, and agree heartily 
with pome of the ideas advanced. 1 aiu glad 
to see the matter dismissed by such able men. 
The real agricultural college needs only to be 
known and understood to be appreciated and 
supported. I wish to call attention, however, 
to an article from the wall-kiiow n author of 
