MAY 5 
lines are Dwight, Colfax and Walcott. The 
county is nearly 50 miles long from north to 
south and 30 miles -wide, and is well watered 
by the Red River, which runs along its eastern 
border, Antelopo Creek, and the Wild Rice 
River which pass through the center. There 
are also some fine lakes in the southwest cor¬ 
ner. The soil is wonderfully fertile; climate, 
healthful; wood, from £4 to SO per cord; com¬ 
mon lumber, $30 per thousand. Colfax is 337 
miles from St. Raul and 30 miles from the 
county seat. The Winter was cold and clear. 
Now the snow has all gone; some farmers seed¬ 
ing ; weather pleasant. H. B. c. 
Dnkntn Territory 
Gallatin, Gregg Co., April 13.—The Win¬ 
ter has been very severe ; plenty of people are 
to be seen with peeled noses, cheeks and fingers, 
Jack Frost’s work. The air is dry or no one 
could live here at times, but people are ex¬ 
pecting a bountiful harvest this season after 
the severe Winter; but I hope the experience 
with the last harvest will teach many to stack 
their grain in time and not wait to thrash it 
out of the shock and then stack when nearly 
all is ruined by rain as was the case with a 
great many. Wheat averaged from 30 to 25 
bushels per acre; oats, 50 to 00, as far as I can 
learn; potatoes were a large yield. They say 
here all you have to do is to throw your sets 
down and put a board on them and you are 
sure of a crop—but the trouble is to get the 
board, common lumber being $20 per 1,000. l.l. 
Oregon. 
Althouse, Josephine Co., April 10.—We 
had a very dry Winter. On the 14th of 
February we bad a snowfall of 20 inches, fol¬ 
lowed by a few cold days and nights. Since 
that time it was warm and dry until March 25. 
Everybody was discouraged. What grain was 
put in the ground in the Fall was nearly frozen 
out, and this long spoil of dry weather finished 
off the rest. The farmers put in some more 
grain during the warm, dry weather, but 
always with a poor opinion of the result their 
seed and labor would bring, thinking we 
wouldn’t get any more raiu. On March 35, 
however, some rain fell, and it rained every 
day since to the end of the month, which 
makes the prospect cheerful. L. e. n. 
<ll)f (Querist. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
[Every query ruust be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to insure attention.] 
LOCATION FOR CONSUMPTIVES. 
H. A., A okomis, III.— I have a good farm 
here in Central Illinois, but the severity of the 
Winter is too great for me as I have weak 
lungs, and my wife and self are troubled with 
rheumatism, wliile the children have a ten¬ 
dency towards weak lungs also. I am think¬ 
ing of moving to Florida or Dakota; which 
would be the better place for farming for a 
man in my circumstances? 
Ans. —If the Winters of Central Illinois are 
too severe for our friend, those of Dakota, 
considerably longer and greatly more rigor¬ 
ous, would be much worse. Whatever agri¬ 
cultural advantages Dakota may possess for the 
hardy and robust settler, willing and able to 
“rough it,” in the sternest sense of the phrase, 
it would certainly not. lie advisable for one cir¬ 
cumstanced as he is to settle down there for 
life, even though it would, most likely, be a 
short one. Many consumptives go from the 
North to Florida in Winter on account of its 
milder climate, but the whole of Florida is 
level .all except a few eminences and ridges being 
only a few feet above the level of the sea, and 
innumerable bayous, swamps and lagoons 
distinguish that partly-formed land. A 
residence of nearly three years, Summer 
and Winter, in Florida, taught the writer 
that malaria, eh ills-aud-fever and rheumatism 
are unusually common—all of which are to 
be expected in a land so low, damp and warm. 
For those having a tendency to lung complaints 
a change from an unfavorable to a favorable 
climate is always desirable; but the desirable 
qualities of that to be selected are, uniformity, 
elevation and absence of malaria. Before 
making a change a good physician should be 
consulted; for while a dry, uniform cold cli¬ 
mate is suitable for some cases, one which is 
dry and warm is more favorable for others. 
Moreover, the advantages of home combats, 
proper diet ami pleasant associations should 
not be lost sight of in making a selection. We 
really cannot advise our inquirer to select 
either Florida nr Dakota for a future home. 
He evidently needs a uniformly warm climate, 
and, so far as the writer’s experience goes, this 
can best be obtained, together with the other 
re .uirements of his condition, in parts of 
North Carolina, Northern and Middle Texas, 
Southern Arkansas and Colorado on this side 
of the Rockies, and in parts of California and 
Oregon on the Pacific Slope. 
APPLE POMACE AS MANURE, ETC. 
R. H. L,, Newark, Ohio .—Are there any 
good qualities in apple pomace for manure and 
how should it be treated. 
Ans. —It has very little manurial value, as 
it contains an exceedingly small percentage of 
the three important elements valuable as 
manure—that is, of nitrogen, potash and phos¬ 
phoric acid. Iu one thousand pounds *f apple 
pomace there are only about 81-100 of a pound 
of potash, one-third of a pound of phosphoric 
acid, and 1 1 .pound of nitrogen—a ton having 
of these manorial elements, 3 pounds of nitro¬ 
gen. 1.02 pound of potash and % pound of 
phosphoric acid, worth about 08 cents, if you 
could retain the whole of the nitrogen, but 
that will be mostly lost on fermentation, and 
the value of the potash and phosphoric acid 
is only about 20 cents per ton. It is there¬ 
fore not worth handling, but if it is to be 
used as manure, let the heap be covered with 
clay or heavy soil which would catch the es¬ 
caping ammonia aud therefore savo the most 
valuable part—the nitrogen. But. there is a 
much more profitable use for it, and that is to 
feed it, fresh from the press or nearly so, to 
cows or fattening cattle, or hogs. Professor 
Storor published in the Bussey Bulletin the 
following analysis of the fresh pomace: 
Water. 
Albuminoids. 
Carbohydrates, including t at 
Woody fiber. 
Ash..;.. 
77.21 
.98 
17.11 
11.90 
,50 
100.00 
Fat.-. 1.70 
This shows a feeding value which should not 
be lost, as it generally is. at nearly all the cider 
mills. It is very poor iu albuminoids or flesh- 
formers, but the carbohydrates are valuable, 
and the fat also. There is nothing objection- 
al tie in the pomace for the production of milk,to 
which, fresh, it will give a fine flavor. A milch 
cow may be fed 40 to 50 pounds, with five pounds 
of bran, or one pound of oil meal with four 
pounds of bran, or any other nitrogenous food 
with a few pounds of hay, and she will give a 
yield of milk equal to that on pasture. We 
have used it in this proportion with satisfac¬ 
tion. It may be preserved as ensilage, by 
pressing solid into any air-tight receptacle, 
such as a large vat, as pulp is often preserved. 
It should be packed when fresh. This apple 
pomace may be considered an assistant to the 
digestion of other food. The pectiu, like that 
in the turnip, assists in gelatinizing the con¬ 
tents of the stomach and thus aiding diges¬ 
tion. A moderate quantity of it gives ani¬ 
mals a good appetite and assists in the secre¬ 
tion of milk or deposit of fat. 
PEACHES FOR MICHIGAN. 
J. P. A., Birmingham, Mich. —1. Several 
years ago I bought a lot of Peach trees said to 
be Crawfords; but none of them is true to 
name. Shall I dig them up and plant others in 
their place, or cut them off at the surfaco of 
the ground and bud the suckers when old 
enough? 3. What is the best manure for 
Poach, Pear, Plum and Quince trees, and also 
for grape-vines? 8. Should Plum trees be set 
out in rows or clusters? 4. Are the Lombard 
and Bradshaw reliable for this section—18 
miles north of Detroit? 5. Can Peach trees be 
successfully grafted here? 
Answered by Pres. T. T. Lyon.—1. 
Changing old Poach trees is, at the liest, a 
very difficult and uncertain business; better 
root them out and plant anew. 2.—Use good 
barnyard or stable manure. If a muck-lied 
is at hand, cart it into the cattle-yards and 
use it for bedding. Thus used, it will be us val¬ 
uable as so much stable manure. Use ashes 
(potash), salt and lime, which are especially 
valuable for Plums, Quinces and Grapes, and 
beneficial for all those mentioned. 3. All fruit 
trees should bo set in rows, for the convenience 
of cultivation; hut it will be more convenient 
to gather the fruit if the varieties an: planted 
iu blocks, instead of continuous rows. 4. 
The Lombard, Bradshaw, and Union Purple 
Plums arc, all things considered, the most de¬ 
sirable and profitable varieties for Southern 
and Central Michigan, 5. The grafting of 
peaches at the North is, at the best, a difficult 
and uncertain operation. At the South it may 
be done with comparative certainty. To be 
sure of correct advice , the kind of soil and its 
condition as to fertility should always be stated. 
WARTS. 
S. P. S., West Charleston, O. —What is the 
cause of warts, and what is an infallible means 
of removing them from the hand without 
causing much pain or leaving a scar? 
Ans.—W art* are sometimes produced by 
compression of the parts and l»y neglect of 
clean] incss. The hard sorts are not comm unica¬ 
ble by contact ; but in some situations where 
the cuticle is delicate, they exude a serous 
fluid which is commonly considered contagious. 
They generally come and go without apparent 
cause, and sometimes go on increasing iu spite 
of all treatment, especially in the young, so 
that there is really no “infallible” meunsof re¬ 
moving them. The most approved methods of 
treatment are by caustics, excision and liga¬ 
ture, the lust being used especially on the pe- 
diculated sorts which are most common on the 
neck, chest and back. A common way is to 
pare the wart, without bringing blood, and 
touch it with nitrate of silver. A quicker 
way is to use nitric or sulphuric acid, but these 
penetrate more deeply, sometimes injuring 
joints or leaving indelible scars. Other meth¬ 
ods ai’o to touch the pared surface with a mix¬ 
ture of one part of muriatic acid and three 
parts of muriated tincture of iron; with a solu¬ 
tion of diaeetate of lead; with corrosive subli¬ 
mate, muriate of ammonia aud alum solution; 
with muriate of soda aud vinegar; with chlo¬ 
ride of ammonia; with lime-water or vegeta¬ 
ble juices, as those of garlic, onion, lemon and 
sumach, Poultices of scraped carrots and the 
application of quicklime will sometimes cause 
their fall, aud rubbing with chalk or a fine 
file is a favorite mode ol' removal. 
aldkwoSyS and jerseys. 
E. II. S., Petralia, Pa.— What is the differ¬ 
ence between Alderney aud Jersey cattle? 
Ans. —There is no difference: both terms 
are now applied to cattle from the island of 
Jersey or their descendants. Alderney is the 
largest of the northern group of Channel Isl¬ 
ands, the two others being Burhou and Cas- 
quets. Its population iu 1871 was 2,738, a large 
part of whom wore employed in erecting forts 
and other public works, which have since been 
completed, so that the population has probably 
diminished. The length of the island from N. 
E. to S. W. is31* miles; its width about one 
mile, its area about four square miles, some of 
which is too rough for grazing purposes. The 
number of cattle exported from it, therefore, 
has never been considerable, especially as early 
potatoes are the chief export, aud w heat is 
largely grown. The harbor of Alderney is 20 
miles northeast from St. Peter Port, Guernsey, 
and 45 miles due north from St. Helen’s Jersey. 
The area of Cuernseyis 25 square miles and in 
1871 its population was 80,508. Jersey is the 
largest and most important of the Channel 
Mauds, being about 12 miles long from E. to 
W., seven miles wide, and containing an area 
of 45 square miles and a population of 56,027 
in 1871. More cattle are exported from Jer¬ 
sey than from Guernsey and Alderney com¬ 
bined, the number now brought here from 
the latter being exceedingly small. It is 
probable, however, the first importations were 
made from that place, and the name lias ever 
since been wrongly bestowed by many on the 
cattle of the larger island, which arc of the 
same type, while those from Guernsey are larg¬ 
er and coarser. 
INDIGESTION IN l’IGS. 
A, S. Cl., LhdterJhj, N. U—My ten-weeks-old 
itter of seven pigs, weaned six weeks ago, have 
been fed a mixture of 200 pounds of shipstuff 
and 100 pounds of midtilings. Of this mixture 
10 quarts made into a thin slop with dish 
water and about three quarts of fresh cow’s 
milk were fed per day to the seven. A few 
days ago on cowing to the trough, three of 
them, on eating a mouthful, fell back, laid 
dow n and kicked, squealed, trembled, got up 
and whirled around, staggered and acted so 
that 1 expected them to die at once, but, in¬ 
stead, they went to the trough heartily and 
appeared all right. Four acted in the same 
way next day. They arc all well and cleanly 
bedded, what ails them? 
A N'h. —These pigs are const ipated and troub¬ 
led with indigestion. They are too young to 
eat such food raw. Cook or scald the middlings 
in hot water and let it stand over one day with 
the milk mixed in it to sour a little, as it 
will then digest better. Give them char¬ 
coal every day and mix powdered sulphur 
in the feed for three days— equal to a tea- 
spoonful for each pig. Put a lot of salt in 
the? corner of the pen where the pigs can help 
themselves, find let them run out on the 
ground. Young pigs will digest grain food 
much better when allowed to run out on the 
ground where they can get plenty of exercise. 
When the pigs get older and recover they will 
do well on the middlings without cooking, if it 
is allowed to ferment slightly. 
LICE ON CALVES. 
G. E. T., Lafarge, Win .—What is a good 
remedy for lice on calves ? 
Ans. —Rub earth on them—sand is t he best 
—and strew it along their backs, and if one 
application isn’t, enough try n second and even 
a third. Plaster, ground very fine, nibbed 
on the backs of the animals has been reported 
as a very efficacious remedy. Dry thoroughly 
on the stove before applying it. Washing the 
infested parts of the auimul with strong suds 
of carbolic soap is found to be certain death 
to the poets. To make the suds, buy carbolic 
crystals at any drug store for eight to ton 
cents per pound. To a pound of common bar 
soap, placed in a pan with some water and 
melted down, add an ounce of the crystals, 
stirring well and from the mixture make suds, 
which will be cheaper tliuu that made from 
prepared carbolic soap aud at least ns effica¬ 
cious. Nearly a dozen different remedies have 
appeared in the Rural during the last few 
years, all of which can oo readily found by 
reference to the indexes we send out every 
December. A washing with carbolic suds, 
however, is as good as any. Of course, with 
all remedies two or throe applications at inter¬ 
vals of, say, a week, will he needed, as the nits 
keep hatching. The stable surroundings of 
the infested animals should also be washed, as 
the vermin often harbor there and thence find 
their way to clean animals, 
“pink-eye,” 
T. M., Johnston, 11 'is .—What is the nature 
of “pink-eye” iu horses and what is the cus¬ 
tomary treatment? 
Ans. —Pink-eye; the epizootic disease among 
horses, consists of catarrh of the membranes 
of the head ami gteueral fever. It is in reality 
a species of influenza in which all the symp¬ 
toms characterizing this disease in the him ir u 
subject., are present—languor, disinclination 
for exertion, headache, running from the 
eyes, puffy eyelids, discharge from the nostrils, 
swelling of the legs, etc. The tr eatment should 
be as follows: Give 12 ounces of Epsom salts, 
and, after this has operated, give an ounce of 
saltpeter daily for three days Give very little 
food, a moderate quantity of grass aud a little 
bran mash in the evening, with good nur sing 
and thorough ventilation and cleanliness iu 
the stable. A few days 1 rest would be beno- 
ficiaL With the above treatment the disease 
will disappear in fr om three to ten days with¬ 
out any secondary complications. 
nKN MANURE AND PERUVIAN GUANO. 
G. F.. West Alc candria, 0 .—What are the 
ingredients of lieu manure aud Peruvian 
guano, their relative value and the cause of 
the lower value of one? 
Ans. —The two substances are very different: 
the following figures give the constituents of 
each: 
In 100 pounds. 
Hen Manure. 
Guano. 
Water. 
660 
160 
Nitrogen. 
16.3 
1D0 
Potash. 
8.5 | 
20 
Sodn.. . 
1.0 
12 
Lime. 
21.0 
95 
M agnesln. 
7.4 
10 
Phosphoric acid. 
15.4 
105 
Sulphuric acid. 
4.5 
150 
Silica.... 
35.2 
15 
Relative mono}’ value 
$12 per ton. 
$9:1 per ton. 
The greater value of the guano arises from 
the fact that it is the dung of fish-eating birds 
which swallow bones and flesh together. 
SAWDUST, 
Subscriber, Old Chatham, N. Y .—Is Fine 
and oak sawdust, at 25 cents a double load, of 
any value on a farm ? Is it w< n th the trouble 
and expense of hauling two miles. 
Ans. —Oak sawdust contains so much potash 
and lime, besides a little phosphoric acid, that 
it has some value as a manure: but Pine has 
very little manurial value. A little coating or 
mulch of sawdust will protect Winter wheat 
or other Winter grain from heaving out with 
frost. It is an excellent absorbent, and Is thus 
valuable for bedding stock and absorbing the 
liquids, and therefore it may be profitably 
composted with stable manure. It will assist 
in preserving the valuable constituents of 
the manure. This is the best general use 
that, can be made of sawdust. If you have 
much stock, we should say it would pay to 
draw it for stable use. 
WIND-MILLS. 
J. P., PnrtcrscUlc, Pa .—What is the Rural’s 
opinion of wind-mills for pumping purposes? 
If erected by the roadside will they scare pass¬ 
ing teams? 
Ans. —Wind-mills are very useful machines 
on a farm where pumping, churuiug and other 
light work have to he done. We cannot, sa v 
which is the best, as there are several good 
ones, each of which is thought the best by its 
maker aud owner. A hoi's© that will score ut 
a wind-mill has a bad driver, or has been 
badly trained, and would scare at an um¬ 
brella or a poke bonnet. It is no objection to 
a wind-mill that such a horse might scare at 
it. The objection is not worth considering, 
for there are thousands of wind-mills in use, 
aud a horse that is not used to one would got 
used to it in 15 minutes, if rightly handled. 
PUMPKINS. 
T. G., Medina, N. Y .—What is the best 
soil for pumpkins? What sort is the best? 
How should the plants be treated? 
Ans. —The largest pumpkins we have ever 
raised grew in a sandy loam manured with 
farm manure. The field was well drained and 
yet moist from its proximity to the sea. You 
should aim to get your vinos vigorously 
started and then pinch off a ll hut one pumpkin 
to a single stem. Dilute manure water will 
help greatly. They will grow largest in the 
sun or cultivated alone. Wood ashes or fine 
plaster will serve to rid them of the striped 
beetle as with melons and cucumbers. The 
squash bug IA nasa tristis-Degeer) must lx* killed 
by hand-picking. Look out for the eggs aud 
crush them. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
A, J. P., Johnstown, X. Y. —1. What is the 
remedy for the small white lly found on Rose 
