342 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
MAY 43 
Core small, closed. December to April. The 
Winesap is medium in size of a deep red color. 
The flesh is yellowish and firm with a rich acid 
flavor. It keeps well through Winter, and Mr. 
Thomas deems it one of the best for baking. 
It succeeds well in the following States: Ore¬ 
gon, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, In¬ 
diana, Kentucky, Teuuessee, Illinois, Iowa 
Missouri, Nebraska and Kansas. 
duced within two or three inches and so di¬ 
rected that its point shall nearly meet the 
bottom of the cutting or seedling placed in 
the hole first made; the dibble is then pressed 
firmly toward the plant, closing the hole com¬ 
pletely; as it is withdrawn a blow with its 
point sufficiently closes the hole last made. 
Planting with the spade is preferred by 
some as it can be done standing up to the work 
instead of kneeling, as with the other imple¬ 
ments. The planter stands on one side of the 
line, inserts his spade vertically and with the 
hollow or face of the tool toward his person, 
the handle is drawn to him, which opens a 
cleft into which the planter or an assistant in- 
pages, is a very successful cultivator who has 
devoted much attention to the growing of 
young forest trees and shrubs of various gen¬ 
era. As a natural result he has gathered 
a fund of information, some of which he 
has published in a pamphlet entitled ‘‘The 
Art of Propagation,” which is recommended 
to the attention of nurserymen. Mr. J. 
has also invented some devices and appara¬ 
tus that have merit: one of these is called 
the callusing process. This device he sells for 
a moderate price. The process is philosophical 
and consists in causing a deposit of cell growth 
at the poiut where the section of wood is to be 
made, but before the cutting is separated, and 
^rborint limed 
FORESTRY No. 39. 
Forest Nursery. Part XII 
DR. JOHN A. WARDER. 
A Selection of Apples for Eastern Wis. 
The Wealthy Apple fruited with us last 
season. It is a large, hardsome red apple of 
good quality, keeping until about Christmas. 
The tree is healthy and n free grower. Among 
older varieties which thrive and do compara¬ 
tively well with us, arc the Willow Twig, the 
best keeping apple we have, and of good qual¬ 
ity in its season—April to July. I have seen 
specimens of two seasons’ growth on the same 
plate at our fair held in September. Grimes’s 
Golden Pippin, Utter’s Red and Jonathan 
thrive and bear fine fruit in some localities. 
Another very choice Winter apple which does 
well is the Perry llusset, a larger and much 
better apple than the Golden Russet. The best 
early Fall apples we have for eating are the 
St. Lawrence and the Benoni, both of which 
grow and bear well here. John Rusticus. 
Outagamie Co., Wis. 
tion — By Divisions ; Cuttings — Making; 
Preserving — Callus — Jenkins's “Art of 
Propagat ion ” —Puddling ; Plan ting — Dib¬ 
ble, 1 rowel or Spade; Sticking them in. 
In this section it is proposed to tr eat of sev¬ 
eral subjects connected with the manage¬ 
ment of the nursery. 
The tilth of the nursery ground should be 
preserved in the highest condition. After re¬ 
moving a crop of trees it may need an appli¬ 
cation of fertilising material to compensate 
for the heavy drafts that have been made 
upon the land, which will sometimes also need 
a thorough plowing with a Winter fallow to 
meliorate the soil that has often been severely 
packed by the men and teams engaged in re¬ 
moving the previous crops, frequently done 
when the ground was soft and wet. 
There are other means of multiplying plants 
besides the production of seedlings, which lat- 
will always be the favorite and 
have been 
ter, however, 
general method. These other means 
already casually referred to in previous pages. 
Multiplying by division is prominent 
among these, when the original individual 
plant is divided and the several sections are 
made to grow into separate trees. 
Cuttings. —This method is applicable to a 
great many deciduous species, and, as has 
already been stated, many of the conifers may 
also be grown in this way, with the applica¬ 
tion of proper appliances, Trees vary in the 
facility with which they can be made to 
strike, for some are vfery slow at rooting, and 
can only be grown under peculiarly favor¬ 
able circumstances. Cuttings can be made 
from the new* or soft wood of some species, 
while othere grow more readily when made 
from the ripened wood of the previous or 
current year, and in some species still older 
wood will grow freely. They are usually cut 
in the Autumn, from well-ripened wood, and 
taken from the parent tree before or soon 
after the fall of the leaf, preferably Itefore 
they have been frozen. The shoots may be 
kept in cellars until a leisure time for dividing 
and storing them; but they should not be 
allowed to lrecome dry. For nursery planting 
they should be cut. about eight or ten inches 
long. Many prefer to use the base of a shoot 
taken off with a shaving of the older wood; 
when so cut they are called heel-cuttings, and 
are thought better because of the great num¬ 
ber of dormant buds clustered at that point. 
Some are made with a short section of the 
older wood left on the cutting; such are 
called hammer cuttings, and preferred for the 
reason just stated. Most freo-growing kinds 
are made from the whole shoot, except the 
slender portion of the switch end, but care is 
usually taken to make the section just below 
a bud, using a sharp knife and making an ol>- 
lique rather than a transverse cut. The upper 
part should not be made too near a bud, but if 
the interuodes be very long they may be 
shortened to about an inch. Willows, Pop¬ 
lars, Grape-vines and many others are so 
easily rooted that less care is needed, and the 
section may be made with common garden 
or pruning shears, and many are divided by 
passing them through a common straw-cuttei’, 
such as is used in the stable. 
The cuttings when made should be tied in 
bunches of convenient size, made even at their 
base, and then stored in cellars, on an earthen 
floor, where they can be covered with sand, 
earth or sawdust, moderately dampened and 
left to callus during the Winter. Sphagnum 
moss is sometimes used to cover the cuttings 
and to preserve a proper degree of moisture 
to favor their advancement in cell production 
of the callus. When the convenience of a cel¬ 
lar is not available, tbe cuttings may be placed 
in a trench out-of-doors, and covered with 
similar material, that should be banked over 
them, and may be advantageously protected 
from the frost by a shelter of litter or boards. 
In the Spring, when taken up for planting, 
many will have covered the cut surface with 
new cell-growth, constituting the callus, or 
Dam pier’s Glory Pea, botanically known as 
Clianthus Dampiori, is a native of the desert 
regions of Australia. It is a branching, 
woody' vine of moderate growth but robust 
appearance, and its stems and leaves are 
covered with a whitish down. It is not un¬ 
common in cultivation in our gardens where 
Wine Sap.—From Nature. 
it is then in a condition most favorable for the 
emission of roots. 
Planting : The ground for the cutting bed 
or nursery rows, having been previously well 
prepared, and preferably of an open, friable 
and rather sandy character, the garden line is 
stretched where the row is wanted and the 
planting may at once proceed, using the dilr 
ble, the trowel, or the spade to open the soil 
and then to compress it firmly to the base of 
the cutting. If the planting is done in beds a 
board may be used as a guide for the rows and 
a support to the workman, who will in this 
case plant across the bed, and may r set a row 
on either side of the board before moving it, 
if its width be suitable for the cutting, say 10 
or 12 inches, which will allow room for culti¬ 
vation by hand. Of these several implements 
we have the choice and can use either, accord¬ 
ing to the condition of the cuttings, for if cal- 
lused or rooted they will require more careful 
handling. Tbe trowel here comes into play: 
using the blade, a hole is opened to receive the 
cutting and to throw in fine earth upon its 
base; the handle is then used to ram this close¬ 
ly, after which the rest of the earth is thrown 
The position of the cutting is a 
WINE SAP AND MISSOURI PIPPIN 
APPLES. 
in loosely. 
matter of some importance, as only the top 
bud should project above the surfaces; if the 
hole is not deep enough the stick may be in¬ 
clined at an angle, but this should be in the di¬ 
rection of the line. The trowel or the dibble 
will be used when setting the cuttings beside a 
board in planting a bod. 
The dibble is a pointed stick of hard wood, 
We have here in Franklin County a very in¬ 
teresting and profitable horticultural society. 
At the regular meeting at my house yesterday 
there were about 50 present and we bad a fine 
show of apples. It was proposed that we send 
the Rural a few specimens, which I do, bope- 
ing they will reach the office in good condition. 
Ottawa, Kan. C. B. Olin. 
Glory Pea.—Fig. 201. 
it is invariably treated as an annual. Un¬ 
fortunately it is very difficult of cultivation, 
but when grown successfully, as it is occasion¬ 
ally, it becomes one of the most beautiful 
plants iu the garden. Its blossoms are large 
showy, scarlet, with a shining black blotch in 
the middle, and produced iu bunches of three 
to five at every joint along the branches of the 
plant. This Glory Pea belongs to the Pea 
Family of plants and would be readily recog¬ 
nized os such from its leaves, but to the casual 
observer its flowers are very unlike those of 
the Garden Pea or Locust. 
Where there is greenhouse accommodation 
seeds of this pea are sown in early Spring, and 
the seedlings transplanted outrof-doore about 
the end of May, as is the case with most green¬ 
house-nursed plants. But wheu the outdoor 
garden alone is available, the seeds are sown 
in May where the plants are intended to re¬ 
main, in a sunny, warm and sheltered place 
The great difficulty iu the cultivation of this 
plant is its sensitiveness to injury in trans¬ 
planting or repotting, and its liability to injury 
from indiscriminate watering. While in active 
growth it likes water, but it does dislike to 
have its collar wetted; hence growers usually 
plant it on a hillock and water around it, and 
so as not to wet the stem. Seeds of it are ad¬ 
vertised by our leading seedsmen at about 25 
cents per packet. 
Making Garden. 
As a little timely advice to fanners I would 
suggest that now is a good tune to attend to 
starting gardens. All the available force on 
the farm is usually applied to getting in farm 
crops. After all the crops are in farmers turn 
their attention to making a sort of a garden, 
but such garden is too late. Half the pleasure 
