327 
MAY 28 
longer term, being in the alternate rows, will 
have the wider space of five feet to expand 
their growth: this may be looked upon as a 
fanciful and unnecessary provision, by the old 
nurserymen, however, but certain Oaks and 
Hickories are foitud hi be very slow in acquir¬ 
ing sufficient size for planting, while many 
other kinds,especially the Wild Cherry, Poplars 
and some others need a much shorter term. 
The plants should not be set too thickly in 
the rows so as to crowd one another, aud this 
should be particularly observed ami practiced 
with the long-termed aud the coniferous ever¬ 
greens, as already set forth; deciduous species 
may be from six to tcu inches apart, according 
to their probable term, and the evergreens from 
twelve to twenty-four inches according to their 
habit and the length of time they are to re¬ 
main in the nursery rows. In planting the 
different species in alternate rows it may 
be best to avoid mingling the broad-leafed with 
the needle-leafed kind, though it is possible the 
latter might be benefited rather than injured 
by the shude thus furnished during the first 
Summer: our best nurserymen do not pursue 
the practice. 
Cultivation should at all times be con¬ 
tinued among the young trees to keep them in 
healthy growth aud free from weeds, but it is 
sometimes well to discontinue this toward the 
end of Summer, so as to discourage a late 
growth: some even advise ft little wholesome 
neglect at this period, in order to encourage 
the Summer grasses and late weeds to take 
possession of the ground for the sake of the 
Winter protection they afford to young ever¬ 
greens, especially those which have not yet 
become well rooted, and which may not be well 
covered with suOw. For most of the trees 
which must remain in the rows during the 
Winter, a better treatment will be found in 
plowing a light furrow toward the rows at the 
end of the season; this is called layiug them 
bye, or putting them to bed; it protects the 
plants from heaving, aud provides for the 
outflow of surface water. 
HOG CHOLERA. 
In a late Rckal a correspondent wishes the 
readers of the paper would tell more about 
what they know, or think they know, concern¬ 
ing hog cholera. For several years I have 
been investigating the subject and am positive 
that it would bo uo more silly to call all dis¬ 
eases of horses by the general name of “ colic." 
all diseases of cattle ‘ 4 murrain,” all diseases 
of poultry ‘‘roup,' or all diseases of human 
beiugs “ small pox,” than to call all the ills 
that swine flesh is heir to by the generic term 
of cholera, ll' wo would but stop to reflect, 
we would at once perceive how absurd it is to 
. do so. llogs have different organs; the affec¬ 
tion of different organs must produce differ¬ 
ent diseases, llogs are exposed to heat aud 
cold, dust and mud, und the thousand vary¬ 
ing conditions of their lives; these must affect 
them differently, for the causes differ, and 
thus different diseases are produced. Hogs 
are not all alike; they are not till treated 
alike; the eireumstauees surrounding all are 
not alike; how then can all those different 
causes aether upon differeut subjects produce 
one and the same disease ( 
Here is the trouble in treating diseases of 
swine: A man cures his sick hog. Eureka! he 
has found it ! Cholera is cholera, so his 
remedy is a panacea for all swine diseases, for 
has it not cured cholera ? And if it cures 
cholera once, why not again. Some other 
man has sick hogs; they are suffering from a 
totally different disease; but they have the 
"cholera”; the sovereign remedy for cholera 
is tided—result, tin- hogs depart this life; ver¬ 
dict, the remedy was a fraud in particular 
and cholera is incurable in general. 
Suppose a man found a cure for colie in 
horses, and then gave it for glanders, dis¬ 
temper, pink eye, heaves, bote, aud so on to 
the end of the chapter. People would want 
to introduce him to the inside of a lunatic 
asylum. Is he auv bigger fool than the phil >so 
pher who tries to cure cholera ? 
When the different diseases of swine are 
recognized, then, and not till then, can they 
be successfully treated. The different causes 
of the diseases must Ik' discovered; this dis¬ 
covery will give a clue to the nature of the 
disease, rendered stronger by symptoms aud 
verified and made sure by post-mortem ex¬ 
aminations. The parts affected and the na¬ 
ture of the affection, the disease itself lieiug 
known, remedies can be intelligently assigned; 
and, last, the symptoms of t he different dis¬ 
eases must be so accurately aud plainly 
described that the- farmer can determine the 
disease from the symptoms, and with that 
knowledge know what remedies to administer. 
It would make this article too long to 
minutely describe all the diseases of swine. 
Diseases of the lungs are the most prevalent. 
These generally prevail in the Fall or early 
Spring. Next come' diseases of the digestive 
organs; also fevers, colds, bronchial catarrh, 
catairhal pneumonia, intestinal worms, etc. 
They are produced by exposure to malaria, 
cold, heat, dampness; breathing foul air of 
sleeping places, dust, pollen: impure water ( 
insufficient food, insufficient variety, bad 
quality of food; by getting over-heated when 
sleeping, then cooling suddenly: by lying in 
damp straw. The first produce general lassi¬ 
tude and lower the vital force to withstand 
disease. The second are more local in their 
effects, producing diseased conditions of the 
respiratory apparatus; the third produce dis¬ 
eases of the digestive apparatus and bad blood 
resulting in many diseases, principally of a 
febrile character; the fourth produce colds 
and pneumonia. 
The greatest cause of “ cholera ” is breeding 
immature animals. Animals less than 1(5 
months old should never be used. It is bad 
policy to breed six-months-old sows to six- 
months-old boars. It is a general law running 
all through the animal creation that the pro¬ 
geny of immature animals are weak and im¬ 
potent. Theycannotwithstanddisea.se. When 
other causes operate, this in hogs is the great 
producer of cholera. John M. Stahl. 
REMEDY FOR HOG CHOLERA, ETC. ; 
What I am writing about cholera 1 know 
from sad experience. Last Fall I bought a 
lot of hogs, one of which was sick with cholera ' 
when I got them. I had never before seen a 
hog suffering from this disease, but one of 
my neighbors told me what the matter was. I 
had 2X7 hogs then; but soon they l>egan to die. 
I tried different remedies; but they were 
of no account. A neighbor who had also lost 
many hogs several years ago, told me he had 
tried many remedies and among them carbolic 
acid, which had proved effective. So I began 
to feed it aud my hogs stopped dying, but T 
had lost 70 head before I discovered this rem¬ 
edy. My neighbor told me to feed it two or 
three times a day: but I fed it only once a 
day aud ray hogs commenced to improve at 
ouee. The loss is hard for me to bear, for I 
bought a farm on time just one year ago, and 
depend on hogs to pay for it, but I have some 
4U good brood sows left and the experience I 
have had may prove to be the means of my 
success. When feetling hogs for market I feed 
them the acid every secoud day. and I think I 
can see them growing: it gives them a good 
appetite and that is the main thing in feeding. 
Teu years ago I was in business East aud failed 
—lost all 1 had. so that l did not have money 
enough to bring me to Nebraska. My family 
and myself have worked hard here at fann¬ 
ing, aud my own experienco together with 
what I have seen others doing, as well as their 
manner of doing it. convinces me that the 
man who succeeds here in farming must do it 
by raising stock, and I find all the well-to-do 
farmers have hogs, and each man's success de- 
pew Is on the range and care he gives his hogs. 
Where the hog is in his glory you see the man 
and his family with their surroundings in a 
thriving condition. Wo like this country. 
The soil awl climate cannot be beat, but this 
is no wheat country: corn and hogs are kings. 
Lancaster Co., Neb. d. b. m. 
l)0i1iculinraL. 
THE ROTTING OF THE ACME TOMATO. 
With reference to the rot in the Acme to¬ 
mato 1 think it must be worse in some sections 
than in others, and that the fruit upon some 
soils is more subject to the disease than ou 
othei*s. 1 raise for market a good many to¬ 
matoes yearly, and And the Acme the best 
selling and most profitable variety. Last sea¬ 
son. which was a very wet one in this section, 
1 did not have a single rotten tomato in my 
patch; my soil is a clayey loam. I allow the 
vines to grow just as they may, never pruning 
or cutting them back from the time they are 
set out. From what I have seen L expect 
that Acmes on a light samly soil are most sub 
ject to rot, and have seen them attacked in 
the worst way when the vines had been 
pruned hard buck. The Acme is not such a 
strong grower as most of the other kinds 1 
raise, and it requires all the foliage it can 
produce to carry off the over-abundant mois¬ 
ture absorbed bv the roots. M. sulton. 
[Upou the sandy soil of the Rural Farm 
upon Long Island, bordering on the Atlantic 
coast, we have raised the Acme almost every 
soasou without rot, except iu those tomatoes 
which were lirst injured bv the tomato worm. 
This at first induced our belief that the rot 
generally was caused by this worm. In the 
clayey soil of the Rural Grounds (Bergen 
Co. , N. J.,) the Acme rots badly.— Eds.] 
M -- 
A Couple ok Hakdy Raspberries.— The 
Gregg Raspberry has come through the Win¬ 
ter in good shnpe.lt has frozen hack less than 
auv other Black-cap 1 grew except Davidson 
Thornless. This is a veritable ” iron-clad.” 
Onondaga Co., N. Y. NkUSON Ritter. 
Pto'cctliincousi sVtU'ertx.stnfl 
THE NEW PATENT 
DUST-PROOF 
Stem Winding Open Face Case, 
MANUFACTURED BY THE 
American Watch Co., 
WALTHAM, MASS. 
This case is formed in one solid piece with¬ 
out joint or seam, opening in front only , thus 
avoiding the usual Cop, and securing greater 
strength and durability. 
These Watches are all open fare. The bezel, 
into which an extra strong crystal is fitted 
with an especially prepared water-proof ce¬ 
ment, is attached to the ease by screwing it 
thereon, and thus forms an air-tight junction 
with the body of the case, which is proof 
against dust and moisture. 
To railroad men. travelers, miners, lumber¬ 
men and others who are almost constantly ex¬ 
posed and who have to make frequent reference 
to the watch, these qualities are of the utmost 
importance. 
The following letters tell tltelr own 
story: 
“ Valdosta, G-a., July 20,1882. 
“ I sold one of your Patent Dust-Proof Cases 
about ten months ago, and the other day it came 
back to me with the request to make it wind 
easier. Ou examination I found that the stem 
was rusty, and I inquired into the cause of it. 
The gentleman stated to me that he was start¬ 
ing some saw-logs that had lodged in the bend 
of the river, when his chain caught in .a bush 
aud threw his watch into about twelve feet of 
water, and he was about two hours finding it. 
When he got it out it was running and he 
thought all right. In about three months he 
found that the stem was hard to turn and sent 
it to me. 
“ I can say that the watch is all that the 
company claims for it, and recommend it to all 
railroad and mill meu. B. W. Bently.' 
“ Clinton, Iowa. April *2P, 1881. 
“ I wish you would send me a spring for the 
Wm. Ellery Watch * * * By the way this 
Ellery is a watch I sold in your Screw Bezel 
Case to a farmer last Fall. The first of Janu¬ 
ary he lost the watch iu the woods, and found 
it this week iu about one foot of water. It had 
lain three months aud over iu snow and water, 
with but slight injury to the watch—only a 
hair-spring. G S. Raymond. 
The above were very severe tests, and dem¬ 
onstrate beyond a doubt that for any reasona¬ 
ble length of time during which a wat h might 
be under water it would receive no injury 
whatever. 
We make these cases iu both gold and silver, 
nn(I us a Perfectly Busi-Proof (Stem Winding 
Watch Case, Challenge the World to Produce 
its K<imi 1. 
FOR SALE BY ALL FIRST-CLASS JEWELERS. 
THE RUSSELL 
INDEPENDENT 
Lateral Moving Stacker, 
Complete. Convenient. Durable. 
It saves from two to four men on the stack. Saves 
the dial! by depositing it in the centre of the stack. 
PRICE, COMPLETE, $125.00. 
Furnished in Four Sites. Can be adapted to 
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RUSSELL & CO., Massillon, Ohio. 
PAYNE S FARM ENGINES 
Our lQ-lloree Spark Arret inn Threshing 
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B. W. PAYNE & SONS, 
Pox 841, Corning, NT, Y 
BUCKEYE 
JUNIOR and SENIOR 
Lawn 
Mower. 
Easy to Work. 
Strong and Durable. 
Host Reliable Mower iu Use. 
THY ONE and YOU WILL BUY IT. 
Send for Illustrated Circulars to 
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SPRINGFIELD, Oltlo. 
XCELSIORA! 
CLIPPER 
LAWN MOWER y , 
GUARANTEED // MOWERS 
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URGE REDUCTION/' HORSE 
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Send for MANUF’G CO. 
lar & FnceXist. NEWBURGH, N. Y. 
AHEAD OF ALL COMPETITION 
OVER 100,000 SOLD. 
FOURTEEN SIZES FOR HAND USE 
Weighing from 21 to 51 lbs. 
THREE SIZES for HORSE-POWER. 
GRAHAM, EMLEH k PASSMORE, 
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031 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA. 
We are General Agents, and sell the above at 
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IIIRAM SIBLEY A: CO.. 
Chicago, ill. Rochester, S. Y, 
Shir-Sling 1! Carrier 
fni .mloariing, nas no equal In capa¬ 
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<;. VAX SICKLE, 
Shortsville. N. Y. 
NOYES’ HAYING TOOLS 
frill io+ 
II" y 
Gin ier. 
'.'''I. ; !•' 
tort. 
FOR STACKING OUT IX 
FIELDS Oft MOWING 
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Thousands now 'in uie. 
, Wood Pulley*. 
\\ Floor Hooka, etc. 
11 Stud for circular 
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TENTS TO RENT for Fair purposes, by On as 
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