JUNE 2 
348 
0am) Ijtishan'iJni. 
DISTILLERY RESIDUES FOR MILCH 
COWS. 
DR. G. C. CALDWELL. 
Quite a breeze has been recently raised in 
France by the assertion of the Director of the 
Municipal Laboratory of the city of Paris, 
Ch. Girard, that the use of distillers 1 mash or 
slumps, for cows, combined as it is with close 
confinement of the animals, brings on lung 
diseases to which the animals succumb in seven 
or eight months, and that the milk, though 
abundantly ptoduced, is thin, innutritions, dif¬ 
ficult of digestion and most unwholesome, es¬ 
pecially for children; and the demand is made 
that the Board of Health shall prohibit the use 
of such fodder for cows whose milk is brought 
to the city. 
Barral, Editor of the Journal d’Agriculture, 
replying iu his journal to this sweeping state¬ 
ment, says that in his stud}' of agricultural 
questions for <10 years, he has found the opin¬ 
ion everywhere prevailing among farmers that 
the feeding and nourishment of cows on brew¬ 
ers 1 grains, and mashes from the brewers and 
distillers, always produces excellent results. 
The milk dealers of the city protest agaftist 
such wholesale condemnation of those fodder¬ 
ing materials, and call for a searching inves¬ 
tigation of the matter. Ladureau, Director 
of the Experiment Station of the North, shows 
that pulmonary consumption has nothmg 
whatever to do with the fodder of the animal, 
and avers that if Girard had only taken the 
trouble to visit the stu les where these mashes 
are used, he would have found that in all 
cases solid food is given with them, and that 
the cattle are as properly cared for as iu oth¬ 
er- stables. In behalf of such fodder he refers 
to the results of a practice so old that its be¬ 
ginning can hardly be traced out, to the fond¬ 
ness of the animals themselves for it, to the 
high value set upon it by all dairymen of ex¬ 
perience, even the most honest, and to all the 
published analyses of it, made during the past 
50 years by Boussiugault and other’s. In con¬ 
clusion, he gives an analysis of Iris own of a 
distillers' mash, sold at the rate of about- 30 cents 
per hundred pounds, showing that ulthough it 
contains nearly 83 per cent, of water, it has 
4.75 per cent, of albuminoids, and 0.3 per cent, 
of carbohydrates. 
The Milch Zeitung, an able and honest Ger¬ 
man dairy paper, noticing that Girard is 
quoted in Berlin arrd other cities against the 
rrse of these materials for fwider, comes out in 
reply in an article headed “The Worst of 
the Matter of the Adulteration of Milk by 
Feeding Mashes." Its sutnmury of the analyses 
of distillers 1 residues shows that Ladureau had 
an unusually good sample, since even Indian 
coni slump, which is the best of all. has ordin¬ 
arily 01 per cent of water, only 1,6 to 2 per 
cent of crude albuminoids, and 5 to 5.5 |>er 
cent of carbohydrates; next t-othis in value, so 
far as indicated by chemical analysis, comes 
rye slump, and last of all potato slump. As 
to the quantity of slump fed, 100 imarts a day 
are often given in Germany, but for milch 
cmvs 40 to 50 quarts are an average and safe 
allowance. On a large estate in Finland 
where cheese is a specialty of the dairy, and 
8,000 bushels of rye are annually worked into 
brandy, a herd of 139 head is fed largely for 
six months on the slumps, of which 80 quarts 
are given to each animal daily, together with 
eight pounds of hay and 2.5 pounds of straw- 
The follow! ng precautions are observed in the 
management of the feeding; the slump is giveu 
ouly in the fresh condition, at the most not 
over 24 hours old, and the cribs are thoroughly 
swept out after each meal; its temperature is 
always between 88 and 100 degrees Kahr, when 
fed, for. if colder, the yield of milk will fall 
off, and if warmer the cattle will bloat; the 
cattle are never allowed to drink before eat. 
ing, and are fed from three to five times a day. 
Under such treatment the cows are perfectly 
healthy, give an average of 2,400 quarts of 
milk per annum, and produce large and 
healthy calves. 
If rightly handled, therefore, it appeal’s 
that the slump is unquestionably a valuable 
fodder; and so valuable, when It. is considered 
w hat a large quantity is produced, that it is a 
great and unpardonable waste to throw it 
away, if it can be honestly and profitably 
used w ithout harm to anyone. It is estimated 
that, the total value for fodder of the refuse 
of the distilleries of the German Empire is 
not less than 20,000,000 marks ($6,000,000); the 
quantity produced iu this country is certainly 
not less. But, while granting the usefulness 
and entire wholcsomeuess of three materials 
for fodder, when applied as they should be, 
it must not be overlooked that there is danger 
in them to the health of Die cattle foil, us well 
as of those who consume the animal products 
of the fodder. Every community using the 
milk of cows that may possibly be [fed _ou 
slumps must for self-protection keep careful 
watch of the manner in which they are fed, 
and make assurance sure that precautions 
similar to those described above are observed. 
The villainous practices of some of the distil¬ 
leries in close proximity to New York City, 
that were brought to light and broken up a 
few years ago, clearly illustrate the necessity 
of such watchfulness. The observance of 
these precautions costs some trouble, and the 
temptation is great to neglect them here and 
there a little, so long as the flow of milk is 
maintained and the cows appear to enjoy 
their rations. The refuse will be used for 
fodder, whatever may be said against it, 
wherever its value is known, or it has once 
been tried. If we should suppress the distil¬ 
lers, and not only rid the community of the 
intoxicating liquors that they manufacture, 
but have all the original potatoes and grain to 
feed to our stock, these dangers might be 
avoided; but there is no hope of suppression. 
Indeed, it is not desirable that it should be 
wholly brought about, for alchohol is of great 
importance in many useful arts. It is there¬ 
fore the wisest policy to make the best of the 
matter, and not to urge or even to permit 
that millions of dollars’ worth of foddering 
material bo thrown into the gutters because it 
is dangerous if not rightly used. 
VERNON COUNTY MISSOURI. 
Its People, Politics, Products, and Improve¬ 
ments During the Last Decatle. 
Nevada—Schell City—and 
Other Towns 
MESSRS. HOLMES AND SWEETLAND. 
When we first visited Southwest Missouri, 
it was with many of the prejudices and skep¬ 
ticisms with which some Eastern people are 
wont to look upon all portions of this State. 
We were skeptical regarding the value of 
agricultural lands and their quality. We 
knew little about the mining interests; were, 
in some resjiects, prejudiced against the peo¬ 
ple; aud hail but little faith in their building 
improvements, or educational advantages. 
We were but a short time in Nevada, how ¬ 
ever, before w e learned how erroneous our 
ideas had been in almost every respect. W e 
found live, energetic, active and industrious 
people who were doing everything possible 
for the welfare of their city aud county; 
people ever ready to extend a helping and a 
welcoming hand to Eastern immigrants or 
capital, entirely irrespective of political bias. 
We found no outlawry, but perfect unity; 
none of the common drawbacks of advance¬ 
ment; but multitudes of progressive ideas, 
while the educatioual and social privileges 
were unusually excellent. Vernon Couuty is 
2Sx30 miles; contains 540,000 acres; is in the 
Southwestern portion of Missouri w ith Kan¬ 
sas for its western boundary. The south line 
of the county is the dividing point, or the 
erowu of the Ozark Ridge—the waters run¬ 
ning north into the Missouri River, and south 
to the Arkansas. The surface is generally 
rolling, with a number of mounds, carrying 
deposits of stone and coal, nearly all with 
rich, fertile surface. The soil varies in dif¬ 
ferent portions; there are some traces of sili- 
cloiis marl, the table-lands are strong lime¬ 
stone, while the lower surfaces indicate allu¬ 
vial deposits. Seven streams course through 
the county, with numerous tributaries, aud 
there are many springs in the vicinity of the 
mounds. The water is good everywhere, in 
some portions being hal’d, and in some soft; 
wells are from 20 to 25 feet in depth. 
Nearly one-third of the area is timber, which 
^s found principally iu the valleys fringing 
the streams, and consists of Walnut, the Oaks, 
Hickory, Pecan, Ash, Soft. Maple and other 
species and genera. The principal products 
are corn, 40, wheat, 18, oats, 40, flax, 12, cas¬ 
tor beans, 15, some tobacco (which is usually 
reliable), sorghum, broom-corn aud all the 
vegetables, especially sweet potatoes. The 
figures above indicate the average yield in 
bushels per acre. The natural grasses have 
prolific growth; Timothy and clover thrive 
on the table and lower Lands, and Blue-G rass, 
os in its native soil. Vernon County boasts 
the second best herds of thoroughbred Short¬ 
horns, Hereford* and Polled Angus iu the 
State; and the tendency among the farmers 
is to build up he ills of good grades. More 
attention is being giveu to Normun-Pen heron 
and Clydesdale horses; while iu sheep the 
principal interest is in Cotswolds aud South 
Downs, though there are one or two flocks of 
Merinos. Hog-raising is a feature, Berk- 
shires and Pohunl-Chinas being the favorites. 
The prices of lands are from $10 to $15; 
forms, $20 to $30. The altitude is over 800 
feet, ami the climate is one of the best fea. 
tures of this locality aud entirely unexcep 
tiouable. 
A good indication of the growth and ad¬ 
vancement of Vernon County is the fact of 
its increase during the last three years from 
19,730 population to fully 80,000; while there 
are 116 school-houses, all supplied with teach¬ 
ers. The bonded indebtedness is $130,000 at 
six per cent; general taxes only eight mills, 
increased by special and local taxes to about 
13 mills. There are coa l deposits developed 
throughout nearly the whole county, which 
is underlaid by the bituminous variety in veins 
of from two to ten feet in thickness; much of 
it nea r enough to the surface to make it valu¬ 
able for mining by simply stripping, and at 
least five points are already furnishing a large 
and constant yield of excellent quality for 
market. Marble, limestone and sandstone are 
quarried. The marble is black, variegated 
and susceptible of fine polish. A fine quality 
of brick and potter's clay is also abundant. 
The fencing is hedge, rail, board and wire; 
the latter rapidly taking the lead. There are 
signs of petroleum in several localities and 
considerable attention is given to prospecting 
for it in paying quantities. 
Nevada is one of the most beautiful cities in 
Missouri. It has a delightful site, higher than 
the surroundirg country, and so situated that 
drainage is good. The streets are wide and well 
laid out; the sidew r alks good: the architectural 
appearance of the dwellings neat and tasty; 
the business houses substantial, and as well 
built up as those of any city of its size 
we ever visited, many of them being new and 
quite handsome; and when increased attention 
is given to the lawns and parks, Nevada will 
become a city of surpassing beauty. It is 
rapidly improving, both in business and popu¬ 
lation, the latter having increased from 1,980 
at the Census to about 4,000 now. The city 
I limits have been extended since the Census, 
taking in several hundreds who at that time 
dwelt outside the corporate limits. The people 
are thoroughly eosmopolitan. and possess the 
go-ahead spirit of most W esteru business men, 
and there is a graded school of ten depart¬ 
ments, with over 1.200 pupils under enroll¬ 
ment, and also several private schools, the 
value of school property being $30,000. There 
are eight houses of worship, with regular pas- 
tore; three excellent newspapers ; six hotels; 
two banks, the average daily deposits of the 
larger being $28,942. The total receipts of the 
Nevada Post-office for 1882 were $6,811.92, a 
net profit of $4,246.92 to the Department, the 
increase over last year being $923.26. There 
are prosperous societies of A. F. & A. M.— 
Bine Lodge, Chapter, and Commaudery; I. O. 
O. F.—Lodge and Eneampmeut; K. of P.— 
Lodge and Uniform Rank; A. O. U. W.; and 
G. A. R. The handsome Opera Honse. which 
was burned the week of its opening, has been 
rebuilt at much greater expense, with finer 
improvements. It has a seating capacity of 
over 1.000, with good stage scenery and ac¬ 
cessories. The city is lighted by gas. and the 
contract has been let for the introduction of 
the Holly system of water-works of ample 
capacity. Upon its completion an efficient 
tire department will be organized and equip¬ 
ped. In looking over the business interests of 
Nevada, a prominent feature is the large and 
excellent, as well as finelv-assoi’ted stocks, the 
magnitude of which is shown by the fact that 
the commercial business of the city for 1882 
was over $1,500,000. The permanent improve¬ 
ments for the same time exceeded $850,000. 
There are two flouring-uiills, one woolen- 
mill, one carriage manufactory, and a planing- 
mill in operation, while the presence of an 
abundance of cheap fuel and the necessity for 
them indicate that a flax fiber manufactory, 
creamery and foundry would be successful. 
There is no municipal debt. There are two 
grain elevators, and the exports in stock, 
grain and all other products will approximate 
$2,000,000 annually. The principal markets are 
Kansas City, 90 miles; Chicago, 561 miles, 
and St. Louis. 278 miles; and these markets 
are readily reached by the perfect system of 
the Missouri Pacific Railway and its connec¬ 
tions, the M. K. and T. Division, and the Lex¬ 
ington and Southern Division traverse the 
county and intersect at Nevada. 
Schell City is the second town in import¬ 
ance in the county. It is located on the M. 
K. and T. Division of the Missouri Pacific 
Railway, 200 miles from St. Louis, and has a 
population of over 1,500. There is a graded 
school of four departments, with a $1,500 
brick school-house—quite a handsome build¬ 
ing. There are three church edifices and six 
organizations. The shipments from this point 
are principally grain, stock and produce; and 
the unusually excellent character of the coun¬ 
try surrounding, and the capabilities of the 
soil for wheat and corn culture—wheat being 
the principal crop—unite to make this a good 
market. A great many Northern men are 
buying in, and around Schell City, un¬ 
doubtedly attracted by these facts. The 
country is remarkably w ell watered, aud all 
the streams are bordered by timber. Wild 
land ranges from $7.50 to $15 per acre; farms, 
from $15 to $30. Coal mines are worked,Jive 
miles south and one mile west, to good ad¬ 
vantage. The stock interest is rapidly de¬ 
veloping in this region: cattle, horses aud 
and sheep are being extensively raised for 
market and breeding purposes; and a con¬ 
siderable movement is in progress to raise 
the grades by the introduction of thorough¬ 
breds of different varieties, principally Polled 
Angus to cross with Short-horns One gentle¬ 
man has a herd of 360, and informs us that 
there is a great demand both for bulls 
and heifers. 
The fruit from the surrounding country has 
taken a number of State and county premi¬ 
ums; and we may as well state here that the 
fruit prospects of Vernon County, at the pres¬ 
ent season, are very good. Schell City is only 
10 1 7 miles from Carbon Center, the present 
terminus of the Kansas City, Fort Scott and 
Gulf Railroad, and there is a probability of its 
being- extended before very long. The pecu¬ 
liar situation of this thrifty little city, being 
in the northeast corner of the county, enables 
it to draw- considerable trade from St. Claire 
and Cedar Counties, which it is enabled to re¬ 
tain by its exceptional market privileges. 
Cileram. 
THE CHANGE. 
Oct of the tong white dresses. 
And into the dainty frocks, 
Ltttte blue shoes with buttons 
In the place of the worsted socks: 
No longer a helpless baby, 
Carried In arms all day. 
But a restless, mischievous fellow, 
Brimming with frolic and play. 
Getting himself Into troubles. 
That seemingly have no end. 
Tearing "big holes" In his dresses 
For patient mamma to mend! 
Bumping his curly round noddle 
Which mamma’s soft kisses must cure 
And meeting a hundred misfortunes 
Which babies must learn to endure. 
Too soon shall I lose my baby. 
And do the best I can 
To welcome the magical power 
Which changes the boy to man! 
Oh! that the years were slower 
In rolling the months away. 
And would rhat for many a season 
My baby a child might stay 
I wonder how he is dearer 
As only a babe on my breast ? 
Or changed to this roguish fellow 
Whose feet are never at rest.! 
Is a rosebud any the sweeter 
Before ’tls a full-grown rose ? 
Ah! the love that is born with the baby 
Must grow as the baby grows! 
-» ♦ »- 
HOW TWO GIRLS TRIED FARMING. 
(Continued.) 
"One hundred and twenty-live dollars and 
sixty-five cents. Counted it this morning." 
“That will carry you through vacation. 
With strict economy and mended gloves." 
“Well. I have about as much as you have. 
We can afford to spend what is necessary 
in exploring, can’t wef 
“I confess.” said Alice, “tiiat I do not 
think we could do 1 letter, aud besides, it suits 
my native nomadic tendencies after these 
years of comparatively flat bay country. 
And if we fail to find our schools just deserted 
by the about-to-be-married country teachers f 
“We shall probably return penniless to the 
bosom of our families and try something else. 
Perhaps go South." 
“ I think something must happen, we mean 
so well ! Dot, you write to-night to the Ben¬ 
tons, in Yuba, and I will write to my cousin- 
in-law, Richard Kent, and we can get ready 
to start in a week." 
* * Very well, your obedient servant, Dorothea 
Carew. Suppose. Allie," speculated Dot. “ we 
could get $80 a month (no pay in vacations), 
how long would it take us to save enough to 
start on f 
They figured awhile over it and then Alice 
announced that if they could each live on $50 
a year for clothes, in a year they together 
could save $800, and that $1,600 would make 
a sufficient capital to start on. 
Two weeks later found Alice and Dot 
scrambling about the Plumas County moun¬ 
tains, the heart of the Sierras, and making all 
sorts of ethnological and geographical dis¬ 
coveries. The natives were queer, it is true, 
but perhaps not so very different from the 
majority of “agricultural intellects," which 
is the accomplished way of speaking of coun¬ 
try people. Their ideas were as narrow as 
their mountain gorges; they kept their eves 
on the ground instead of looking up between 
those grand walls into the free, blue heaven. 
They raised Timothy grass and oats, dug in 
the mines aud horded cattle; aud many of the 
poor creatines had the souls of cattle. Such 
a God-forsaken population ! Such a grand 
country t And such rafts of half-savage 
children ! 
