Yol XLII. No 1743. 
NEW YORK, JUNE 23, 1883. 
PRICE FIVE CENTS 
*2.00 PER YEAR. 
Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 1888, by (he Rural New-Yorker, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at IV ashlngton.] 
Have the cuttings buried or ‘‘heeled-in” as 
convenient or after being cut. Many vines 
are spoiled by exposure before heeling-in. Un¬ 
less it is damp weather, all the cuttings made 
in the forenoon should be heeled-in before 
dinner; and all made in the afternoon should 
be heeled-in before supper: for frost may do 
mischief even to a cutting. For heeling-in, dig 
a trench about four feet wide and one foot deep, 
of convenient length to contain the cuttings to 
be used. Begin setting the cuttings at one end 
of the trench, at an angle of 20 degrees from 
the perpendicular, on the butt ends as close 
together as convenient, and fill in between 
them with fine earth so as to entirely cover 
them. When the trench is full of cuttings 
well covered with moist earth, cover it with 
wet straw one foot in depth, and see that it is 
kept moist until planting-time, which will be 
from tbe 20th of March till the last of April. 
The ground for planting a vineyard should 
be well irrigated before planting, and so 
arranged that it, may be easily irrigated either 
in furrows or in cheeks. The topography of 
the vineyard will indicate which is the better 
way. After the ground is well prepared by 
leveling and 
_ plowing, the next 
......,u~ ! rt- a s S s ?. thing is to “mark 
out” with a plow 
__ for planting the 
- .. “' cuttings. Com¬ 
mence making 
_ sp*’;, the furrows north 
l and south about 
v J tour inches deep 
feet apart; then 
cattle was agreed upon in the Fall of 1873, and 
is as follows:— 
ESSENTIALS. 
Color. —Red. The tip of the tail and the 
udder may be white. The extension of the 
white of the udder a few inches along the in¬ 
side of the fiank, or a small white spot or mark 
on the under part of the belly by the milk 
veins, shall not be held to disqualify an ani¬ 
mal whose sire and dam form part of an es¬ 
tablished herd of the breed, or auswer all other 
essentials of this “standard description.” 
Form.—T here should be no horns, slugs or 
abortive bonis. 
POINTS OF A SUPERIOR ANIMAL. 
Color. —A deep red, with udder of the same 
color, but the tip of the tail may be white, 
Nose, uot dark or cloudy. 
Form. —A ueat head and throat. A full 
eye. A tuft or crest of hair should hang over 
the forehead. The froutal bones should begin 
to contract a little above the eye, and should 
terminate in a comparatively narrow promi¬ 
nence at the summit of the head. 
In all other particulars the commonly ae- 
RAISIN MAKING IN CALIFORNIA, 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS, 
During my 13 years of experience in raisin 
making in California what I have learned may 
seem too little to mention; but when I look 
back to my commencement in vine-planting I 
can see that I might have been saved an ex¬ 
pense of thousands of dollars could I have 
known then what 1 know now about raisin 
making. Accordingly, what I now write may 
benefit the inexperienced in vine-planting for 
making raisins. As Fresno County, Cali" 
foruia, is to be the best and most extensive 
grape-growing and raisin-making county in 
the world, and as the manner of planting 
here is somewhat different from that practiced 
north of San Francisco, here is how it should 
be done in Fresno County, where irrigation 
is required: 
1. Make the cuttings about 15 to 18 inches 
long, of the current year’s growth, in Decem- 
ip NLIKE the black Galloway 
and the Aberdeen-Angus 
Scotch Polls, which ha ve for 
&</the last few years been 
.u'- Ari rt I “booming” here—especially 
[mV the Angus—the red English 
Norfolk and Suffolk Polls 
— are advancing only slowly 
•-g® in popularity in this coun- 
■T try, but though their pro¬ 
gress Is slow, it is sure. Stimulated doubtless 
by the high prices paid for their Scotch con¬ 
geners, the English breeders of the Red Polls 
have lately been exerting themselves to bring 
the merits of their favorites more prominently 
before the public. 
The history of the Red Polls goes back well 
into the last een- 
t u i \. ^ From time 
land.* and to 1794 
ArthnrYoung da* 
fined the area of - . 
the “Suffolk dair 
ies” as “a tm.-tof 
country 30 miles 
by 12,” which he - 
said was peculiar- • •t' '{- IvlV- 
15 considered the 
head-quarters "i 
the dk polled 
had met. w it h the _ . , 
running 
north and south, 
is to facilitate the 
drying process in 
making the 
raisins —to pre¬ 
vent the row 
from shading the 
grapes. It would 
be well to run the 
deep furrows 
only as needed 
for planting; for 
{f too many are 
made at once they 
will become dry 
and be injurious 
to the cut¬ 
tings. Plant the cuttings at the center of 
the crossing of the furrows. They should 
be planted deep enough to have the upper bud 
about even with the surface of the ground. 
The removal of one shovelful from the bottom 
of the furrow will be enough to rnuke the hole 
deep enough for the cutting. Press the earth 
around the cutting with the foot until it is 
half covered; then make a little mound around 
it until it is covered to the upper bud. The 
cuttings should stand perpendicularly when 
set out, aud should be heeled-in uear the 
ground to lie planted; and they should be 
carried in a bucket of water from the trench 
to the place of planting, so that they may 
uot get the least dry before planting. It is 
According to 
Marshall the pre¬ 
dominant, breed 
in Norfolk about 
1780 was “u llere- 
fordshirebrood in 
miniature,” and 
“the favorite col¬ 
or, a blood red 
with a white or 
mottled face/' He 
says there were 
several instances 
of Norfolk cows 
being crossed 
w i t h Suffolk 
bulls uud the 
result was an “increase of size aud an im¬ 
provement of form.” It whs, doubtless- 
in this way the present breed of Norfolk and, 
Suffolk Red Polls was formed. A deep, rich 
blood-red, is now recognized as a mark of ex¬ 
cellence, and the predomineuce of this color 
shows the degree m which the old Norfolk 
race diminutive Hereford*—has affected the 
breed; while the absence of horns and of white 
on the face is evidence of the persistence of the 
old Suffolk polled character. The combina¬ 
tion of the two varieties in one breed can be 
certainly traced to the year 1846; for since 
then both counties have competed with stock 
of the same sui t in the show-yards. 
The standard description of the Red Pollod 
ZiZrUr- 
Davyson 3rd, 48. Silent Lady (O 9), Reg. No. 1,855. Dolly (N 2), Reg. No. 1,463. 
A GROUP OF RED POLLED CATTLE. Reproduced from the London Live Stock Journal.—Fig. 336. 
cepted jKiiuts of a superior animal are taken 
as applying to Red Polled cattle. 
In the accompanying engraving, Fig. 336, 
re-engraved from the London Live Stock 
Journal, the bull is Davyson 3rd, the property 
of \V. A. Tyssen Amherst, M. 1\, who paid 205 
guineas—about # 1,0f7—for him. He was calved 
in 1873, and since 1875 has never been beaten 
at a Royal or agricultural show, having won 
sixteen prizes and six cups. Facing him is 
Dolly, calved in November, 1879, winner of 
the cup for the best Red Polled cow or heifer 
at the last three Norfolk shows. Iu the back- 
grouud is Silent Lady, calved in December, 
1880, oue of a prize-winning herd at the great 
thow of last year. 
bcr. Cut the butt end of the cutting, just 
below a bud, with a pair of hand pruning- 
shears. Cut the top end three or four inches 
above a bud. Be careful to use only well- 
ripened wood, and lie sura that the wood is 
not injured by frost; also that the buds are 
not injured; for sometimes the wood w ill be 
fresh when the buds are dead. Cuttings never 
grow after the buds are dead, even if the wood 
is fully alive. Sometimes it. is cold enough 
hero in California to kill all the buds ou au 
old vine when it is kept growiug too late by 
irrigation, aud the wood remains fresh; then 
the following season the vines will suffer with 
“black knot,” aud produce very few, if any, 
grapes; maybe they will die. 
