428 
JULY 7 
THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
Conducted by 
ELBERT B. CARMAN. 
Address 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
No. $4 Park Row. New York. 
SATURDAY, JUNE SO, 18S3. 
A NOTE. 
The Editor will leave the Rural Grounds 
with his family, several of whom are in 
delicate health, July 7. for Lake View 
House, Lake llopatcong, Morris Co., New 
Jersey, to remain a month or more, as the 
change is found beneficial or otherwise. 
Many of our friends had intended visiting 
the Rural Grounds during August and we 
regretfully write this note that they may 
defer doing so until September. We shall 
be at the New York office Thursdays and 
Saturdays as heretofore, spending the in¬ 
tervening day at the Rural Grounds, which 
will be necessary in order to observe the 
progress of the experiments which we are 
now carrying on. 
Rural Ex. Grounds, June 24. First 
ripe raspberry for the Hansel! The plant 
was set March 30. 
On Monday the 26tli w r e received from 
A. J. Cay wood & Son, ripe specimens of 
the Marlboro Raspberry. 
Mr. Lovett writes us that on June 24 
Hansell berries were “dead ripe on young 
plants planted in the past Spring.” * 
New canes of the Ohio Black-cap are 
seven-and-a-half feet high June 26. Is it 
so vigorous with any of our subscribers? 
Our two specimens grow on the north 
side of two young apple trees within 10 
feet of either. 
■-- 
Mr. E. W illiams, whose horticultural 
opinions are always given for the benefit 
of the public and*not for the benefit of the 
originator or introducer, on another page 
presents his views of a new strawberry, the 
Atlantic, Pig. 306, about which con¬ 
siderable fuss is likely to be made. Mr. 
Williams escaped the ordeal of the grand 
“ pow-wow” of horticulturists, short¬ 
hand writers, artists, etc., and was so en¬ 
abled to form his views from an extended, 
quiet observation, unbiased by the in- 
ilucnce which usually controls a crowd of 
professionals. In a private note he re¬ 
marks: “1 did not find it the {treated 
hern/ on earth , but one of considerable 
merit—large enough and good enough to 
meet the demands of sense and reason if 
it should behave as well or better away 
from home. J think Rural readers will 
be interested to learn of its merits from an 
unbiased stand-point. 
NATIONAL CONVENTION OF NURSERY¬ 
MEN, ETC. 
The eighth annual convention of the 
nurserymen, florists and seedsmen of the 
country was held at St. Louis, Mo., on 
June 20, 21 and 22. Over 100 delegates 
were present, and the utmost cordiality 
prevailed. Essays on various subjects 
were read by representative men from 
various sections; but as these will doubt¬ 
less appear in book form further reference 
to them is omitted here. A number of sen¬ 
sible resolutions were passed, special em¬ 
phasis having been given to one calling 
the attention of railroad officials to the 
traasportation of live trees and plants, and 
asking that men should be placed in 
charge of cars containing nursery stock as 
is now done in case of live stock. 
On the afternoon of the second day va¬ 
rious points of interest in the city were 
visited, including Shaw’s Garden where 
marble busts of Liumeus, Dr. Asa Gray 
and Thomas Nuttall were unveiled by Mr. 
Shaw. On the last day the following 
officials for the ensuing year were elected 
to the positions named: President, M, A. 
Hunt, Chicago, HI.; first Vice-President, 
Franklin Davis, Baltimore, Md.; Secre¬ 
tary, D. W. Scott, Gallena, Hi.; Treas- 
erer, R. R. Whitney, Franklin Grove, Ill.; 
Executive Committee, C. L. Watrous of 
Dcs Moines, Iowa, Geo. B. Thomas of 
Westchester, Pa. and W. C. Barry, of 
Rochester, N. Y T . The Vice-Presidents 
for their respective States are: Alabama, 
W. F. Kicks, Huntsville; Arkansas, J. 
W. Vestal, Little Rock; California, Jonu 
Rock, San Jos6; Colorado, D. S. Griues, 
Denver; Connecticut, J. Hale, South 
Glastonbury; Dakota, E. M. Fuller, Dela¬ 
ware, D. S. Myer, Bridgeville; District of 
Columbia, John Saul, Washington; Flor¬ 
ida, A. I. Bidwell, Jacksonville; Geor¬ 
gia, P. J. Bercknians, Augusta; Illinois, 
H. A. Anatine, Normal; Indiana, E. Y. 
Teas, Dunreath; Iowa, Silas Wilson, At¬ 
lantic; Kansas, A. B. Pearsall, Fori Scott; 
Kentucky, Robert Downey, Fairview; 
Louisiana, A. K. Clingham, Homer; 
Maine, O. K. Gerrish, Portland; Mary¬ 
land, Robert .1. Holiday, Baltimore; Mas¬ 
sachusetts, J. W. Manning, Reading; 
Michigan, L. G. Bragg, Kalamazoo; Min¬ 
nesota, J. M. Underwood, Lake City: 
Mississippi, W. H. Cassell, Canton; Mis¬ 
souri, J. A. Boyle’s, Lee’s Summit; Ne¬ 
braska, R. W. Furnas. Brownsville; New 
Jersey, B. B. Ilance, Red Bank; New 
York, T. 8. Hubbard, Fredouia; North 
Carolina, G. L. Anthony, Greensboro; 
Ohio, S. D. Bear. Dayton; Ontario, D. W. 
Beadle, St. Catharines; Oregon, O, D 
Dickenson, Salem; Pennsylvania, Thomas. 
Meehan, Germantown; Rhode Island, W. 
H. Dyer, Providence; Tennessee, O. W. 
Webber, Nashville; Texas, T. V. Munson, 
Denison; Utah, John Reading, Salt Lake 
City; Vermont, Dr. T. 11. Hoskins, New¬ 
port; Virginia. Edward H. Bisscll, Rich¬ 
mond; West Virginia, John II. Shepard, 
Young's Mills; Wisconsin, O. K. Jewett. 
Sparta. Chicago was fixed upon as the 
place for the next convention, in June, 
1884. Mr. Ragan, of Indiana,addressed the 
meeting in behalf of the Mississippi Hor¬ 
ticultural Society, On motion of Dr. 
York, of Denton, Texas, the chair ap¬ 
pointed Dr. York, Messrs. Attwood and 
Hoover a committe to receive reports in 
writing to be laid before the next conven¬ 
tion. Resolutions of respect in memory 
of II. E, Hooker, of Rochester, N. Y., 
George Peters of Troy, N. Y., and Saul 
Kinzy, of Dayton, O., deceased members, 
were adopted. 
ANOTHER OUTBREAK OF PLEURO¬ 
PNEUMONIA. 
Staten Island, near New York City, 
has of late years been plagued with con¬ 
tagious pi euro-pneumonia among cattle, 
and several weeks ago there occurred an¬ 
other outbreak of the disease which is 
spreading rapidly to the alarm of the cat¬ 
tle owners on the island. One farmer has 
already lost nine head of stock, another 
five, another three, while two others have 
each lost a valuable pure-bred Jersey, 
Efforts are being made to combat the 
disease, but little can be done in view 
of the fact that the last State Legis¬ 
lature sapiently repealed the law relat¬ 
ing to the isolation of infected cattle 
and the suppression of the plague. 
I lie State Board of Health having been 
appealed to, says that as bovine pleuro¬ 
pneumonia is not. known to endanger 
human lile, it is powerless to restrict the 
movement of infected cattle or take any 
steps to stamp out the malady. Applica- 
tion lias also been made to A. M. 
Farrington. Superintendent of the United 
States Cattle Quarantine Grounds at Gar¬ 
field, Bergen County, N. J., but he re¬ 
plies that he knows of no United States 
law authorizing interference in the matter. 
What can the Treasury Cattle Commission 
do or advise in this connection? It is 
very evident that the repeal of the State 
law hearing on the subject was premature 
and ill-advised. The helpless condi¬ 
tion of those likely to suffer from 
the diseases shows strongly the neces¬ 
sity of appropriate repressive legisla¬ 
tion at the earliest. opportunity. 
EAST INDIAN WHEAT. 
Great efforts are being made to devel¬ 
op the cultivation of wheat in the north¬ 
ern parts of British India with a view to 
bringing the product into advantageous 
competition with wheat from this country. 
According to the report of United States 
Consul-General Mattson, of Calcutta, to 
our State Department, wheat produc¬ 
tion of British India the last year was 
240.000,000 bushels, of which 37*, 185,481 
bushels were exported to England and 
France. Assuming 28,000,000 bushels to 
be used for seed, there would be left a 
home supply of 178,000,000 bushels, and 
of this sufficient is always hold in re¬ 
serve for one year’s consumption. The 
total area devoted to wheat is now a little 
over 20,000,000 acres, of which 7,000,000 
acres arc in the province of Punjaub, 6,- 
500,000 in the Northwestern Provinces 
and Oudh, 8,000,000 in the Central, 1,- 
500,000 in Bombay, 1,000,000 in Ben¬ 
gal and the remainder is divided between 
Berar, Sindh, Madras, Ajmere, Mysore 
and British Burrnah in this order. 
At present the best averse yield is ob¬ 
tained in the Pnnjaub where it is estima¬ 
ted at 13>£ bushels per acre, the North¬ 
western Provinces average 11% bushels, 
while the general average is 12 bushels, 
though by high cultivation and the use of 
manures and irrigation a yield of 25 to 30 
bushels is not uncommon. By the intro¬ 
duction of the best machinery, the educa¬ 
tion of the ryots, or native agriculturists, 
in better modes of cultivation aud hand¬ 
ling and by liberal governmental encour¬ 
agement, it is expected that the area and 
yield will soon he greatly increased. If 
the laborer now gets a clear profit of 10 
cents a day, that will suffice to supply the 
pressing wants of his household, and so 
long as he can make that sum he will eat 
or store the wheat from his little patch of 
five to fifteen acres rather than sell it be¬ 
low a certain price, 
A cablegram yesterday announces that 
the East Indian Railway Company has 
lowered the rate for the carriage of grain 
to about $7 per ton over the five hundred 
odd miles of road to Bombay from 
Delhi, the capital of the Pnnjaub, and 
the very center of the wheat-producing 
country. From reports on a series of 
experiments with Indian wheat, made the 
other day to the Secretary of State for 
India by an English milling firm, it ap¬ 
pears that Indian wheats are exceedingly 
dry, hard and thin-skinned, yielding from 
77.46 to 80.52 per cent, of flour against, 
65.2 from English and 72.2 from Ameri¬ 
can Spring wheats. The flour ranges 
from white to dull brown, with a beany, 
almost aromatic flavor. The texture of 
the bread from it is close, and the crust is 
hard and brittle. The wheat is not likely 
to come into demand, for the manu¬ 
facture of flour for European markets 
without a liberal admixture of other wheats. 
From 25 to 50 per cent, of it can he used 
with English or American wheats posses- 
ing a sweet, milky or nutty flavor. 
PAUPER IMMIGRATION. 
TnE question of pauper immigration is 
once more beginning to agitate the minds 
of the people. About two months ago 
several ocean steamers landed at various 
ports upon the eastern seaboard, what were 
claimed to be inmates of Irish almshouses 
sent over to America by the British Govern - 
ment. But upon investigating the mutter, 
the immigrants were found abundantly 
able to take care of themselves, and as 
there could l>c- no reasonable objection to 
the landing of persons who could care 
for themselves, the whole subject was fin¬ 
ally dropped. 
But again the subject is brought to our 
attention. On Sunday June 17th, the 
steamer Furnessia of the Anchor line 
landed at Castle Garden 570 passengers of 
whom more than one-half had been 
shipped to these shores by the British 
Government. On the next day the An- 
choria of the same line landed another lot, 
so" that finally the Emigration Commis¬ 
sioners hud detained at Castle Garden over 
400 immigrants, whom they claimed were 
paupers taken directly from Irish poor- 
houses and shipped to the United States. 
That this was the case the immigrants 
themselves admitted. Many of them were 
old, decrepit men and women and young 
children unable to work. Many of these 
people swore upon oath that they had 
passed a term of years in the county work- 
houses, and had only come to this country 
upon being urged to do so by the Poor 
Law Guardians, who gave them passage 
tickets and sums ranging all the way from 
$15 to $35. Further evidence is not want¬ 
ing from the fact that the money-orders 
were made out on printed blanks of the 
union or work-house at Tralee, County of 
Kerry, this being the county from which 
a good portion of the immigrants came. 
Upon ascertaining the condition of affairs 
the Commissioners put a stop to the land¬ 
ing of this class of passengers, but notun- 
til both cargoes had been discharged. 
It was right here that the great mistake 
was made in allowing the landing of the 
passengers. Had the Commissioners de¬ 
manded that they remain on hoard the 
vessel until satisfactory evidence was 
had that they were suitable persons to 
land, they could have been returned 
on the same vessels upon which they came, 
but having once landed, it becomes a 
moot question as to whether the steamship 
company will carry them back without re¬ 
ceiving remuneration or can be coerced 
into doing so. Having once landed, the 
legality of detaining them may l*e ques¬ 
tioned. It is very evident that the emi¬ 
gration Commissioners did not do their 
duty, as the act of Congress of 1882 makes 
it a duty of these officers to examine the 
aliens brought by emigrant steamers, and 
if they find “ any person unable to take 
care of himself or herself without becom¬ 
ing a public charge” they arc required to 
report the fact to the Collector of the 
Port,” “andsuch persons,” the act further 
declares “shall not be permitted to laud,” 
That some of these persons were in just 
such a condition one of the Commissioners 
knew, and yet. they were permitted to 
land. But the act lays down no law in 
regard to paupers landed, and imposes no 
penalty on the steamship line landing 
them. Therein the law is evidently weak. 
The action of the British Government 
in shipping to these shores n class of peo¬ 
ple who are unable to make a living for 
themselves; who either through laziness or 
forced by circumstances to depend for their 
subsistence upon the State, justly merits 
the condemnation of the American people. 
It is a movement having discourtesy 
stamped upon the face of it; it sets at de¬ 
fiance International courtesy and the com¬ 
mon laws of humanity. We have plenty 
of room here in this great land of ours for 
the down-trodden and oppressed; for all 
who seek the air of liberty; for all who 
come here to earn an honest living and 
defend the country that adopts them, but 
room for the cast-off pauper and criminal 
population of the European States we 
have not; such that are not fit to be citi¬ 
zens of Great Britain are equally unworthy 
a place here. That all of these immi¬ 
grants are paupers; that they are wholly 
incapable of supporting themselves it 
would he foolishness to believe, hut that 
there are a considerable number of such, 
remains equally certain. To those who 
are willing to work and find for them¬ 
selves a place in our midst we would 
heartily give the hand of welcome. 
Coming as they have from a land mis¬ 
governed and down -trod den; from one of 
the fairest isles of the sea, upon which 
nature seemed to have smiled but not 
blessed; from a land of starvation and 
famine, where able-bodied meu and 
women have at last had to hopelessly give 
up home and shelter, it seems that as 
Christians and fellow-men, the least that 
we can do is to offer them a home in our 
midst, in a land of peace aud plenty upon 
which the sun of prosperity seems to shine 
with resplendent glory. 
-- 
BREVITIES. 
Bag a single bunch of grapes—if no more. 
Seeds that may still be sown: squash 
pumpkin, spinach, lettuce, radish, onion, okra’ 
kale, cucumber, sweet corn, beans, cabbage, 
beets, carrot, cauliflower, parsley, peas 
millet. ’ 
Green peas, sweet com, asparagus, celery 
beets, grapes, stra wherries, raspberries, black¬ 
berries and currants—how can any farmer 
do without them in his garden and feel con¬ 
tented! 
There Is one evidence of approaching 
maturity in our crops that it is not reassuriug 
to look upon, viz., the tassel of sweet corn in 
plants scarcely a foot high. It tells of drought 
or an impoverished soil. 
A Correction From Prof. A. J. Cook.—I n 
my article on “ Alley’s Handy Bee Book,” Mr, 
House’s admirable article is Unjustly criticized 
as opposing cellar wintering and clipping 
queens’ wings. Mr. House said nothing of 
either - A. J. Cook. 
If not too late save the seeds of your liest. 
specimens of fruit from the best varieties of 
strawberries. Press the berries in gauze aud 
dry the seeds. Tf many different, kinds are 
desired it. is best to save the seeds of pistillate 
varieties Like Manchester, Hovey, Crescent 
Seedling, Jersey Queen, etc. 
Ordinarily any sharp, gritty substance, 
such as plaster or ashes, will keep melon bugs 
from harming the young plants The past, 
season, however, 1ms been on exception in 
many places, as at the Rural Grounds We 
tried not only plaster, sulphur and ashes, but 
Puns-green, hellebore and Peraian Insect 
Powder mixed with them, und vet the tender 
plants wilted aud withered. A farmer told ns 
that a little red pepper mixed with plaster or 
fine coal ashes would be found quite effectual. 
Millions of rose-bugs ! Never in uny sea¬ 
son have these impregnable insects boon so 
abundant, as during the present; never before 
have our grape-vine blossoms be«n attacked. 
We have hitherto attributed this to the fact 
thut there were so many other plant* in our 
grounds w hich they preferred,so that the grape¬ 
vines were left unmolested, It is u blessing 
that their season is short. Hand picking is 
the only remedy we know of, ana although 
this seems un endless an inefficient task, it is 
really less trouble and more effectual than it 
seems. Early in the morning and afternoon 
we examined our vines and caught and 
crushed every ro*e ling that was feeding upon 
the flower-clusters. A half hour sufficed to go 
through 50 vines and few clusters were 
injured. 
Sow com for fodder. Prepare for budding 
See Youth’s Dep’t. last month for instructions. 
Now attend to the straw berry patches. Cut 
off the runners, cultivate the soil and destroy 
weeds. Work in old uiunuiv adding a little fine 
bone flour if convenient. Confine new rasp¬ 
berries and blackberry canes to those needed 
for next season s fruiting Hoe up the suckers 
Sow rutabaga turnips. Mark those stalks of 
sweet com which bear the finest cars—which 
sucker least and which arc the shortest, and 
select seed ears from t he best of them. It is 
time for this climate to set out cclc-ry plants. 
Of all methods we prefer enriching the soil in 
the bottom of shallow trenches about four 
inches deep. Mellow the soil mid, thoroughly 
incorporate the manure. Set six inches apart 
in rows at least three feet apart. Pinch off 
the Limas when they reach the tops of the poles. 
