STOVES x RANGES 
cider!” But why raise apples of such inferior 
quality ? Why uot plant trees of good 
varieties for cider/ The apples make better 
cider, are less apt to be wormy, are easier to 
pick, and if you have more than you wish for 
cider, they will do to use in the house. 
Among the many insect pests infesting apple 
trees, are bark lice, the apple aphis, borers, 
tent caterpillars, etc. There are many rem¬ 
edies recommended for their destruction, but 
never having had a chance to try many my¬ 
self, I null only give a few that are generally 
recommended as beiug the most effectual To 
kill bark lice as soon as they hatch which I 
think is about the first of June, wash the tree 
with very strong soapsuds or soft soap, I be¬ 
lieve this to be a good remedy. 
To kill the apple aphis, some recommend 
spraying the trees with tobacco water, or a 
mixture composed of two parts of kerosene 
oil and one part of sour milk. The sub¬ 
stances should be violently churned together, 
and they will soon form a compound of 
about the consistency of lard if the w r eather 
is warm; this should be mixed with from 12 
to 16 times its own bulk of water. 
Watch carefully for the borers, and when¬ 
ever found in the trees, punch them to death. 
A good plan is to make a small mound around 
each tree, just before the warm weather comes 
ou in May, aud when the parent insect of the 
borer deposits her eggs in the tree, they will 
be within easy reach. Borne recommend wrap¬ 
ping the foot of the tree with tarred paper to 
keep the borers out. 
Early in Spring the nests of caterpillar eggs 
should be carefully searched for, and all that 
are found should be destroyed; for very often 
each nest contains from one to three hundred 
or more young caterpillars. Nests that are 
on limbs too large to be cut off without detri¬ 
ment to the tree, can be buruod with a torch. 
If all the wormy apples that fall in the 
orchard w ere fed to the hogs, it would soon 
rid the apple orchard of worms. The wormy 
apples can be picked up and fed to the hogs, 
but it is better to turn the hogs into the orchard 
for u while, and let them pick the apples up. 
To prevent rabbits from gnawing the bark 
in Winter, wash the trunks of the trees with 
a mixture of soft soap slightly diluted with 
water having sulphur mixed with it; one 
pound of sulphur to a gallon of soap; apply 
with u brush. Some persons trim their trees 
and leave the branches lying about for the 
rabbits to gnaw. Others feed the rabbits a 
little hay each evening. 
A small mound around each tree, will keep 
the mice from injuring the trees in Winter, 
and is useful also to keep the borers out. 
There are many kinds of birds said to be 
destructive to the tree, but boys, don’t kill 
them unless you are perfectly sure that they 
are of injury to them; because there are many 
kinds of great benefit aud service in an or¬ 
chard, that do a great deal of good in eating 
the many kinds of insects infesting the trees. 
There is generally not as much care taken 
in picking aud packing Winter apples, as 
there should be. They should be handled 
very carefully, never poured or jostled about 
ac all if it cau be avoided, for if any are 
bruised they soon rot, and communicate it to 
the others. The apples should also Ire very 
carefully assorted; all imperfect ones cast 
aside, and only the soundest packed for Win¬ 
ter use. They should be sorted into two 
classes—No. 1 and No. 2; all the perfect ones 
in No. 1 for Winter, and those in No 2 not 
so perfect, to be used first. A person will 
get more for apples if they have been thor¬ 
oughly sorted, than if rotten or imperfect 
onesare mixed with the good, Of course none 
of the Cousins would be so dishonest, as to put 
the best on top aud the poor below, as some 
dishonest persons do. 
It would be impossible to give a list of tho 
best or most profitable varieties of apples 
that would apply to all localities, for some 
varieties do better and are more successful in 
certain soils and climates than in others. But 
I will name a few varieties generally consid¬ 
ered the most profitable aud successful for the 
Northern States: viz, Baldwin, R. L Greening, 
Northern Spy, Russet, Ramljo, Ben Davis, 
Pippin, Winesap, etc. For early apples, 
about the best are Red Astra chan, Early 
Htirvest and Sweet Bough. The early apples 
do not have the rich, tine flavor of the later 
ones, but they taste good to us after lieing 
without them for a long time. Those liv¬ 
ing near a market cau nearly always dis¬ 
pose of them quite profitably. 
1 cannot say which is my favorite variety, 
there are so many splendid kinds from which 
to choose. 1 have always liked the flavor of 
Raiubo very much, but will not say 1 prefer 
it. Kiug of Tompkins Co., is my favorite in 
size, form, aud color and it bus a good flavor 
also; it is said to be a very uncertain bearer. 
It is almost unnecessary for me to speak of 
the value of apnles upon the farm, for nearly 
every one, especially farmers, knows how val¬ 
uable they are. They increase the value of a 
farm very much if it is to be sold, and more 
can al ways be realized for it, if it has a good 
orchard, than for one of equally good soil, but 
having uo orchard. Almost the first ques¬ 
tion ask-id when one is trying to purchase a 
farm is, “Is there an orchard on it?” 
The apples cau all be used to good advan¬ 
tage iu some way; if plenty, aud the price 
correspondingly low, too low- to pay for tho 
trouble of picking and carrying to market, 
good use can be made of an evaporator, or 
they can be fed to the stock iu Winter. How 
nice it is to have plenty of good apples for 
l\ inter use in the family; how- delightful 
they taste, when you have no other green 
fruit. The hoys aud girls know how- nice 
it is to take apples to school to eat at noon 
and during recess. 
The apple is the most universally popular 
fmit in the world aud in my estimation, the 
most useful. 
Alfred B. Bird: —Apples are a fruit that 
all farmers aud a great many people that are 
not farmers, raise. 1 have never seen any¬ 
body that did uot like them. They are good 
boiled, baked, stewed, made into pies or eaten 
uncooked. 
Apples are a national fruit, and are raised 
all over the Union. It is easy to grow them. 
The ground should be well prepared by 
plowing and harrowiug. and the trees care¬ 
fully set about 30 feet or more each way. They 
should be well cultivated till they begin to 
bear, at which time u good many people sow- 
grass seed ard turn their hogs iuto the orchard 
so that they will eat up the wormy apples and 
thus destroy the worms. In very young or¬ 
chards hogs or any other animals are apt to 
injure the trees. 
Apples are divided iuto two great classes, 
viz.—sw-eet and sour, and ripen till the wav 
from the middle of July till along in October. 
The Bummer and Fall apples decay soon after 
getting ripe, if left in a natural state. Winter 
apples ripen later than Autumn apples, so if 
placed in a cool, dry place a few degrees 
above freezing, they may keep until May. 
The principal Bummer apples are the Early 
Harvest, Red Astraehan and Sweet Bough; 
the last named is very nice baked aud eaten 
with cream. Among the varieties of Autumn 
apples are the Golden, Swaar, Pound Pippin, 
Winesap and Tulman’s Sw-eet. A few of the 
best Winter apples are Baldwin, Northern 
Spy, Golden and Roxburv Russets, Ben Davis, 
Wagener, Newtown Pippin, Lad}', Belle- 
Fleur, Steele’s Red, Seek-no-Further. 
There are two kinds of crab apples I am ac¬ 
quainted with, the yellow aud red; they are 
good for making pickles. 
Grower? of apples have to contend with nu¬ 
merous insect enemies. The Codling Moth is 
a kind of butterfly that lays its eggs in the 
blossom end of the fruit. Those apples stung 
by the insect, soon fall, and if not destroyed, 
the eggs will hatch and the worms go into tho 
ground, go through some changes aud appear 
in the form of the pareut. The borer is a 
small white grub that bores into the trees, 
which causes them to die. Probably ashes are 
a good preventive; they also fertilize the tree. 
Paris green is said to be a good remedy for 
the moth. It is sprayed on the trees after the 
apples have set. W hen this remedy is used no 
animals should be kept in the orchard, as it is 
very poisonous. Some people capture the 
moths by putting strips of cloth or paper 
around the trees; they should be removed 
every morning, when t he moths will be found 
under them and can lie destroyed. There are 
also several lands of caterpillars that make 
their nests in tho trees and eat the leaves. The 
nests and worms should be pulled off aud de¬ 
stroyed. Mice and rabbits also injure the 
trees in Winter time. Probably there would 
uot l>e so many mice and moles if the fence 
row-s were kept clear of rubbish so that they 
w'ould have no breeding place. Rabbits may 
be trapped or poisoned. 
Katie Mobley:— Apples do best in a cold 
climate and require dry, rich soil. The trees 
should be set 80x30 feet apart. The best Win¬ 
ter and Fall varieties are, Raw-le’s Janet, 
Winesap, Ben Davis, Romnnite, Beauty aud 
Fall Queen. 
Apples keep very well in barrels, if kept in 
a dark place and not allow-ed to freeze. 1'hey 
are of great value on the farm, as they can be 
used in a number of ways, being canned, made 
into cider, etc. 
fmplnnrnts' & SH uhiucvy 
Sawing Made Easy 
Monarch Lightning Sawing Machine! 
>2 Sentonaoitey. • A Oivat Savins- of 
r-vA .Teat X rial, Alb Moiipv. 
YOUTHS’ HORTICULTURAL CLUB 
OF THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER , 
TENTH REGULAR DISCUSSION. 
Topic: — Apples—Where to Grow Them — 
How to Care for Them—Their Valve 
Upon the Farm—The Insect Pests Troub¬ 
ling Them—A Remedy for Them—The 
Must Profitable Varieties—The Best Va¬ 
riety, 
Walter Franks. —Our national fruit, the 
apple, is almost as indispensable to the Ameri¬ 
can people, as our other very useful product, 
the potato. When w-e view the many magnifi¬ 
cent orchards scattered so plentifully over the 
United States, we are most forcibly impressed 
with the thought, of what great improvements 
have been aud are still being made by man, 
not only in manufactures, mining, commerce, 
etc., but al o in fruits and vegetables. What 
a contrast between the great, juicy, rosy- 
cheeked apples of tho present day, and their 
ancestors, the little hard, sour, crab-apples! 
All this great change was produced by careful 
and intelligent study and propagation 
in planting an orchard, it is always better 
a nd cheaper to plant only the best trees of the 
est. varieties; do not plant trees of any vari¬ 
ety not up to the standard, because you can 
get them cheaper, but always plant only the 
best varieties. 
Got your trees of some reliable nurseryman; 
do not waste money on tbe traveling fruit 
tree agent, unless you know the Him he repre¬ 
sents to be perfectly reliable. The majority 
of these agents are humbugs. One year we 
ordered a few different varieties of fruit, aud 
among others sent for, were Upland Cran¬ 
berries and a choice variety of w hite grape. 
In two or three seasons the cranberries bore a 
crop of rod currants, and the white grape vine 
bore a crop of Concord. 
In selecting trees to plant, be sure and get 
only healthy, perfect trees, and those hav¬ 
ing an almudauee of fibrous roots. Do not 
plant any diseased or misshapen trees, for they 
will be apt to remain so all through life, “ As 
tbe twig is bent, so is the tree inclined,'' 
Spring is generally considered the best time 
for setting out fruit trees, though they may al¬ 
so be set out in the Fall. Before planting, the 
ground should be thoroughly prepared as if 
for a crop. After setting the tree, a crop of 
potatoes, cabbage, or some other like vege¬ 
tables should be planted between the rows; 
besides the value, af the crop, the cultivation 
bestowed upon it would be of immense value 
to tbe young trees. Cultivation will keep 
down the w eeds, keep the soil loose, and give 
the young roots a chance to grow and take a 
firm hold in the soil. Follow- this plan of cul¬ 
tivation for several years, until the trees have 
attained a considerable size. I think it is ben¬ 
eficial to tbe trees to cultivate the soil once in 
a w-hile after they have attained their full 
size. 
Keep the trees iu good shape, with round, 
open heads, so that the sunlight can reach the 
fruit, and so that there will not be too many 
branches to waste the vitality of the tree and 
tbe richness of the soil. Give careful atten¬ 
tion to this w-hile the trees are small, and 
w-beu they cwne into bearing they will need 
no cutting away of large limb In a great 
many orchards the trees are set too close 
together; this should not lie done. Plant 
them far enough apart so that they cau de¬ 
velop iuto large, perfectly formed trees, with 
plenty of open space for the sunshine to get 
iu, for apples love sunlight as well as do 
most, growing things; thus favored they 
are much nicer and better than those ripened 
in an orchard into w hich the sun rarely 
penetrates. 
The orchard should be in as sheltered a posi¬ 
tion as possible, especially in a country sub¬ 
ject to violent storms; it is a good plan to 
plant a hedge of some dense growing trees 
around it as as a wind break. 1 think ever¬ 
greens make a very desirable hedge. 
Keep tbe trees carefully pruned, as they do 
better, look better, aud the apples are easier 
to reach in picking. It is a good plan to paint 
over the wounds caused by cutting off large 
limbs; the paint excludes the air and pre¬ 
vents rot. 
If you have any sickly, feeble tree in the 
orchard, do not waste time nursing and doc¬ 
toring, but dig it up and replace it with a 
good healthy one. Also, if there are any 
trees of inferior varieties, don’t waste land 
by letting them remain on it, but cut them 
down and replace with trees of some good 
varieties. Farmers used to often plant several 
apple trees of some miserable kind, unfit either 
for market or borne use, for their cider apples, 
with the explanation, “Oh well, they’ll do for 
A boy 16 yen rs old can sntv logs FA RT nnd EASY Mixes 
M taut AY. Portage. Mic h, w rite* ••Am murlipleased with 
the monarch lightning sawing machine. 
Inawed oft a ftJ-inchlogln Siulnuu-,. ” For an wine loos 
Into suitable lengths for family stove-wood, ami all sorts 
ol' log-enttlng, it la peer less and n nr'v aW Illustrated 
Catalogue, Free. AGENTS WANTED. Mention tliia 
paper. Address MON ARCH MANUFACTURING 
CO. v 163 E. Randolph St,, Chicago, 111. 
Our Latent Invention, the 
St. Louis, »Io 
Mention this paper 
PORTABLE 
FEfD MILLS. 
Pat entee aud Manufacturer o: 
Single and Double Mills 
Capacity. 5 to 3i> bushels per 
hour. Adapted to any suit¬ 
able power. Send for Circular 
and Testimonials. 
LEWIS hTKAYER, 
\ ork, l’a. 
ALLEN’S POTATO DIGGING PLOW 
The best In the market. Price $1‘J. Send for clreu 
irs. R. H. ALLEN & CO., 
Ilox 376. 189 and 191 Water St , NewYork 
KSTAHUSHKIt ISlil. NO t'AI KNT ! Ml PAY i 
■ hh 11 h a ohiAiiiutl for Moclomlcsl Dvvicea, Com- 
I II I I• pound*, DoMlttia nnd LnlHila. All prell- 
I pH I I rnlnnry examination! n» to patiMiUblllty 
Ifl I .1 n! Invention* fr«i. Our“ Guido lor ObUln- 
H 9 Hall - V Jmr potent*" la a«nt frtaararywhere. 
Addner — JITS ItAlHll.l! k CO., Solicitor! nr I'atcnli, 
Washington, d. c. 
THE AMERICAN FRUIT DRIER, 
rf. jS . Portable 
giving ni u eh 
vuluable Infor¬ 
mation free. 
AMERICAN DIFG.CO., 
Waynesboro, Pa. 
Address 
Drain Tile 
Ml MACHINES, 11= 
By Chandler & Taylor 
Indianapolis, Ind. 
EVERY STYLE AND PRICE 
GUARANTEED UNEQUALED 
FOR OPERATION, ECONOMY, DURA 
BILITY AND WORKMANSHIP 
POPULAR EVERYWHERE 
RATHBONE, SARD & CO. 
ALBANY. DETROIT. CHICAGO, 
