OCT (3 
632 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
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YOUTHS’ HORTICULTURAL CLUB 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
ties; coming a little later in the season the 
Ashmore, Rhode Island Greening, and 
Smith’s Cider are good for medium, but the 
trees are not so hardy or sure-bearing as many 
others that lack in size and taste of fruit, such 
as Newtown Pippin, Pennock. and Grindstone. 
For want of time and 6pace I have not men¬ 
tioned very many varieties, but have taken 
the best tested, most reliable and best adapted 
to a greater variety of soil. 
Soil that will raise a good crop of corn or 
wheat will generally raise npples. Land slo¬ 
ping to the south, sheltered from the noi-th 
and west is better than level or flat land. The 
trees are usually planted 30 feet apart, as that 
distance allows a good length of limb without 
making it impossible to pass through with a 
team in gathering and hauling from the 
orchard, to storehouse or cellar. I speak of 
our own neighborhood (Washington Co., Pad, 
and the general opinion of this section of the 1 
country. No doubt, opinions will be given 
nearly directly opposite to mine, but so will the 
soil or climate in such cases be different from 
this here. 
A good orchard is what most farmers neglect 
to a great extent, saying that it takes too long 
to wait for trees to amount to anything be¬ 
fore one can exyioct to eat the fruit, and there 
is no use setting out trees for some one else to 
reap the benefit. When a farm is offered 
for sale, how often the remark is heard, 
“I’d like to have that place, but there is no 
fruit on it.” A thrifty orchard of several 
trees of each of the best tested varieties of ap¬ 
ples and such other fruit as one may fancy, 
will help the sale of a farm several times over 
the actual cost of trees and time spent on 
them. A farm with poor buildings and a 
large, goed bearing orchard will sell more 
readily than with good buildings and no orch¬ 
ard, or at least, in most cases this holds good. 
Helen Leiken:— Our orchard is a type of 
many others. There are 75 or 100 trees and 
ea h year many of them are infested by the 
apple worms. As for a cure or preventive I 
can say nothing. We have an abundance of 
apples (such as they are.) the year around, 
but there is scarcely a salable apple among 
TENTH REGULAR DISCUSSION, 
Topic: — Apples—Where to Grow lhein — 
How to Care for Them—Their Value 
Upon the Farm—The Insect Pests Troub¬ 
ling Them—A Remedy for Them—The 
Most Profitable Varieties—The Best Va¬ 
riety. 
Rosebud Thorne:— Uncle Mark has select¬ 
ed a very interesting subject for discussion. 
There are few prettier trees than an apple 
tree when laden with its fragrant, pink aud 
white blossoms, or when bending with its bur¬ 
den of rosy-cheeked or golden apples. 
In starting an orchard it is quite important, 
to commence as near right as possible. First, 
I think the ground should be made rich, if it 
is not already so; if wet or spouty it should 
be tile drained, because, although apple trees 
like a moist, mellow soil, they do not like 
water standing near the surface of the ground. 
If possible I would have the holes for the trees 
dug in the Fall, piling the dirt up as much as 
possible to give the frost a chance to mellow 
it. 1 would also set out a belt of evergreens 
around the orchard for protection. 
Every locality has its own list of trees, but 
in selecting from any variety, I would choose 
rather low, bushy or stocky trees. Some 
varieties bear much better fruit while young 
thau when old; the Red Juue for instance. I 
would set only a part of the intended orchard 
the first year, for two reasons; First, if a few 
trees are set every year, they will be coming 
into bearing year after year, aud among them 
will be some which may possibly endure a hard 
Winter better than if all were of the same age; 
and second, it gives one a chance to learn 
about the trees we have set, and those we 
would like to have. 
While the trees are small, any low growing 
plants may be grown with them but when 
thev commence to bear, the orchard should 
be cleared of every tiling but trees, and either 
cultivated cleun or seeded to clover. Late 
lambs or young pigs can be turned in to cat 
the grass down. If pigs, they should have 
jewelry iu their noses aud be watched that 
they will not make wallowing places under 
the trees; if sheep are turned in, the trees 
should be washed with a greasy mixture so 
that they will not gnaw the bark; they maj' be 
left in until good apples commence to fall, as 
it is an advantage to have the imperfect, 
wormy ones that fall first, eaten up. After 
the Winter applies are gathered the soil should 
either be top dressed with manure, or mulched 
about the trees with straw or old bay. I 
would, after allowiug for the uatural habit of 
each tree, like my trees to have low heads as 
more convenient to trim and gather fruit 
from, and as shading the trunk better while 
young. By pinching off half or more of the 
fruit buds the tearing year, the trees will tear 
a good crop the next year, whereas if they 
are allowed to bear an extra largo crop one 
year, they will not bear any or only a few 
the next. 
Fannie May: —Apples are of three main 
classes, the wild crab of sour fruit, the sweet 
scented flowering, and Paradise Apples. A 
very large number of varieties have been pro¬ 
duced by cultivating aud crossing different 
varieties. It is a historical fruit, as we often 
hear persons speak of Eve eating the Pippin 
Apples are a favorite because they are whole¬ 
some either cooked or uncooked Each variety 
of apple is easily distinguished from others by 
its own peculiar shape, color or taste. It is our 
most common fruit; there are many different 
varieties that require a soil and climate pecu¬ 
liar to themselves. Some kinds are hardy and 
will stand severe cold where other kinds fail; 
our best apples are grown in a temperate cli¬ 
mate. 
Apples will bear neglect as well as most 
fruit, but attention to keeping the soil well 
stirred and clear of weeds or grass is well re¬ 
warded. An apple tree is generally as long- 
lived and assure a bearer as almost any kind of 
fruit tree. Apples are of two varieties, sweet, 
and not just sour but sometimes quite tart, 
and juicy. They can be kept in their natural 
^OSPHATfc 
Made from Professor Horsfora i Aao 
Phosphate. 
Recommended by leading . nTBiclans. 
Makes lighter biscuit, cakes, etc., and 
la healthier than ordinary Raking Pow¬ 
der. 
la Rmties, Sold at a reasonable price. 
The Hors ford (Almanac aud Cook Book 
sent tree. 
Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. 
H. M. A NTH ON Y, Ag't 100 and 102 Reade St. N. T , 
sects of various kinds. An annual top-dress¬ 
ing of rotted chips or decayed leaves from the 
forest is the best and most natural manure for 
fruit trees, with a literal dressing occasionally 
of wood ashes spread outside a radius of two 
feet from the trunk of the tree. Sheep, 
horses, cattle, hogs and poultry, will all eat 
apples. 
Apples are the best of all our fruits and the 
most profitable for the labor bestowed. Want 
of success iu the culture of this beautiful, 
God-given luxury, is attributable to in¬ 
judicious selections, improper cultivation, and 
the ravages of the caterpillar and the borer. 
I have seen in different orchards, in some 
seasons, an insect called by entomologists Try- 
peta pomonelia or Apple Maggot fly, a very 
small insect having but two wings, which 
develops from the worms found in apples that 
have teen perforated by the Codling or Apple 
Moth. The injury consists in boring into the 
heart of the apple and devouring the pulpy 
substance of the fruit. 
Another injurious caterpillar, is found in¬ 
cased in a little horn-like tube, which feeds 
upon the foliage of the apple, crab, and also 
the plum tree; generally upon the terminal 
limb is a web which binds the leaves together. 
The moth produced from the worm is called 
Phycita nebulo. If an orchard has teen neg¬ 
lected until a thorough invasion has been 
made by these tree posts, the only remedy left 
is, to kill them by thoroughly washing the 
trees with soap suds mixed with a little car¬ 
bolic acid or kerosene; picking off the egg 
eases in the Fall, or destroying their webs in 
early Spring. 
But the terer whose concealment often pre¬ 
cludes the possibility of reaching him with 
remedies, is the most destructive of all 
the pests of the orchard. With diminutive 
chisel and saw. he has excavated a spiral, di¬ 
agonal, or horizontal labyrinth the whole 
length of the trunk of the tree, and decay and 
death must inevitably follow his track. 
Sometimes his presence can he detected iu 
the early stuges of his work, and then a sharp 
small blade Inserted in his retreat will 
end his career. The Oyster-shell Bark Louse or 
scale insect, (Aspldiotus concluformis) is easily 
destroyed by a mixture of soap and water with 
a little lime; a wash of this used in June, by 
rubbing t he trunk of the tree with a coarse 
cloth, will destroy it. 
The lava- of the Apple Twig Borer called by 
entomologists Arnphicerus bicaudatus per¬ 
forates the terminal buds of the twigs, causing 
the young shoots to wither and die. Cut off 
the Wig above the withered part aud you wiil 
find the heart of the limb cuten out. Their 
unsightly work spoils the looks of a young 
orchard, and also the symmetry of a well 
f m pi emcuts' & gttarMttfnj 
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