NOV 40 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
743 
do not the grain should be ground and the 
hulls sifted out, the latter being good for cattla 
or colts. Corn is not such unevenly balanced 
food for pigs or any young animals as barley 
and oats. The latter have a larger proportion 
of nitrogenous substance which makes muscle^ 
tissue and bone, whereas corn contains an 
undue proportion of carbonaceous matter 
which makes more fat than otherwise. Corn 
may be fed whole, but if the grinding does 
not cause too much trouble or expense it 
should be fed in the form of meal, as there is 
a saving in mastication and digestion. 
EXCESSIVE PURGING OP A flOKSE. 
W. L.D. Clyde , N, Y .—In this neighborhood 
many horses have been purged severely, some 
cases ending fatally. The ailment is attributed 
to their eating clover blossoms containing 
clover seed maggots. What is likely to be the 
real cause of the purging l 
Ans. —We do not chink this supposition to 
have any probable foundation. It is impossible 
to disprove such a thiug, however, until the 
actual cause can be found. There is no reason 
why the maggots should have this effect, un¬ 
less they were eaten in quantities large enough 
to irritate the intestines, and were found plen¬ 
tifully in the dung. It is more probable that the 
clover itself, or some plants which are fre¬ 
quently found in second-growth clover, as St. 
John’s-Wort, lobelia and ragweed, would 
cause the trouble, which they frequently do, 
as well as irritate the mouth aud cause slob¬ 
bering. Whatever would produce this would 
be sufficient to produce diarrhoea. The remedy 
would be to refrain from pasturing the horses 
on the clover, or to use it only partially, and 
give dry feed with corn meal and middlings, 
also dry, in moderate quantities. A reasonable 
allowance of salt would also be of use. 
FACIAL PARALYSIS IN A COLT. 
J. W. G., Horace , Tenn .—The upper lip of 
my colt is drawn considerably to one side, and 
on the same side the lower lip is swollen, so 
that the food drops out. He has been in this 
condition for four or five months; otherwise 
he is in good health aud spirits. What ails 
him, aud what should be the treatment ? 
Ans, —This is a case of facial paralysis, due to 
a disturbance of the nervous system. There are 
several causes which produce this disorder, 
but you give no clue to indicate which is 
active in this case. Perhaps the following 
general explanation may help to ascertain the 
cause and remove it, when the trouble will 
probably cease. Cold, or a bruise, or pressure 
ou the nock by a badly fitting collar, or on 
parts of the face by an ill-fitting bridle; or 
disease of the brain or of the local nerves; or 
disordered digestion or urinary disorder may 
produce this effect. If any of these causes 
are suspected it must be removed. Ten-grain 
doses of mix vomica may be given for two 
days; then 20 grains for two days more. Local 
applications of camphorated spirits may be 
useful. 
APPLE-TREE BLIGHT. 
G. A., Woodman, Wis. —What ails my 
crab apple trees? First one branch on a tree 
withers aud dies, aud soon the rest follow. 
The bark peels off and the wood turns brown. 
No insects are visible. 
Ans. —The injury to the crab apple trees 
probably occurred during the warm days of 
Summer. If so, the cause is doubtless the 
same that occasions the blight of the pear 
and quince, as well as of the apple, of which 
little is known with certaioty. Although 
oftentimes fatal to the pear, it seldom ex¬ 
tends below the current season's growth of 
the quince and apple, and the process of 
growth usually soon replaces the loss. All 
that can be done, with our present, knowl¬ 
edge, is to remove the cause as fur as possi¬ 
ble, by promptly cutting away the affected 
shoot, quite below all discoloration of the 
wood, and bunting it. This is done under the 
conviction that the disease is contagious, and 
that the germs arc thus destroyed. We kuow 
nothing of the firm you inquire about. 
CAUSES OF BITTER CREAM. 
L. M. T., Miles, la .—My cows are in good 
health, aud in a good pasture, yet their cream 
is bitter. Why? 
Ans, —Bitter cream may be caused by the 
cows’eat ing bitter plants, as rag-weed, tone- 
set, willow leaves and twigs, etc. Or it may 
be caused by the cow’s being injuriously 
affected by hot weather or impure water. 
Again, it may to due to a fungus growth in 
the cream when kept in a cellar that is not 
well ventilated, or in which there is anything 
moldy. Or, again, the cream may be kept 
too long, or the churning may be too long 
continued. If the bitterness is supposed to 
be due to any cause outside the cow, a goto 
pinch of saltpeter in each pan of milk may 
prevent or change it. If the cause is believed 
to be within the cow, give her half an ounce 
of saltpeter once u day for t wo or three days. 
This will help to carry off the impurities 
through the kidueys. The other causes enu¬ 
merated may bo removed or prevented from 
doing harm. 
DEPRAVED APPETITE IN A COW. 
B. M., St. Josephs, Mo.— One of my cows 
vomits at night most of what she has eaten 
by day. Stones of considerable size are often 
found in what she throws up. She has plenty 
of clean water, aud doesn’t seem to be losing 
flesh, though she has been troubled in this 
way for over a month. How should she be 
treated? 
Ans.—T his is a rare condition and is due to 
a depraved appetite, probably caused by in¬ 
digestion. Confine the animal in a stall so 
that she can eat only what is given her. Feed 
light but nutritious masbes, not cooked, with 
a small quantity of Timothy or other good 
hay. Give a mild purgative—from half a 
pound to a pound of Epsom salts—after wluch 
give with her food daily for a mouth, sulphate 
of iron, one drachm, nux vomica half a 
drachm, and ground anise-seed, two ounces. 
HOW MANY CROSSES MAKE A PURE BLOOD ? 
H. M ., Liberty Centre. —How many 
crosses of a thoroughbred bull on a native cow 
will be required to produce a full-blooded 
auirnal ! 
Ans.—F ull-blood and thoroughbred mean 
the same thing, or should mean it. •* Full 
blood” is an indefinite term that means one 
thiug or another, if it is not the same as thor¬ 
oughbred. The English Short-horn Herd Book 
admits animals that have bad six crosses of 
pure bulls; but they are kept separate from 
the thoroughbreds. Nu Americau herd-book, 
we believe, admits any grade animal. and an 
animal is a grade however highly it may be 
crossed. Of course there must be a beginning; 
but iu all the pure breeds now existing, the 
beginning is so far back, and was made at the 
outeet with purely bred animals, so that the 
exclusion of grades is well justified. 
REMEDY FOR HOLES U? A COW’S TEAT. 
IF. D. C., Punjcsutaicney, Pa. —My Jersey 
heifer has two holes in one of her teats through 
which the milk flows at milking time. How 
cau the holes to closed without injuring the 
teats ? 
Ans.—G et your doctor to cut away the skin 
with a small dissecting knife and put in a 
stitch. But this can only be done well when the 
cow is dry; perhaps he can use some strong 
rubber plaster used for operations to sustain 
the teat while the wound is healing, even 
while the cow is milking. A milking tube too 
might to used. These can be procured of 
Ryuders & Co., surgical instrument makers, 
39J Fourth Avenue, N. Y., for $1.10 each. 
Kolto & Co., Chestnut Street, Phila , has a 
good one for 50 cents. 
WEIGHT OF A QUART OF MILK. 
B. S., Newark, Ohio .—What is the weight 
of a standard quart of milk ? 
Ans.—A quart is one-fourth of a gallon; but 
the iv are three different gallons iu use:—the 
old standard wine gallon of 281 cubic inches, 
the imperial gallon of 2T7& cubic inches, and 
the ale or beer gallon of 282 cubic inches. The 
first is that by which milk aud other liquids 
are sold. A gallon of pure water at a tem¬ 
perature of 60 degs. weighs 8 388 pounds. 
Milk has a specific gravity of 1.084, or 84 
pounds to the 1000 more thau water. This 
gives pure rnilk the weight of 8.675 pounds 
per gallon, or 2.16 pouuds per quart. In gen¬ 
eral, a quart of milk is thought to weigh 2.21 
or 2 1-5 pouuds. 
Miscellaneous. 
C. N. G., Waverly, Neb .—1, Many warts 
ha ve appeared on my cattle, and one cow has 
refused to eat, and froths at the mouth. How 
should they be treated ? 2, Is a heifer that 
lost her calf last Spring likely to do so again? 
Ans.— 1. The refusal to eat and the warts 
have no connection with each other. Apply 
glacial acetic acid to the warts with a small 
swab tied to a stick: give the one which re¬ 
fuses to eat a dose of one quart of linseed oil 
and do not. force feed upon >t. The loss of 
appetite is due probably to indigestion, which 
is very common at this season of the year. 2, 
Heifer* which have lost their calves will be 
apt to do it again, unless very carefully at¬ 
tended to. It would to well to give each of 
them a pint of iufusiou of borkuf Black flaw, 
or Viburnum prunifolium, which you can get 
at the drug store, or an equivalent dose of the 
extract. This has been found very effective 
as a preventive of abortion. This mav to 
given once a week for three weeks, about the 
time when the heifers lost their calves pre¬ 
viously. Close watch should to kept upon 
them, aud the medicine repeated if any se¬ 
rious apprehensions should occur. 
B. K. H., Carsvill *, Oh io. —Would seed corn 
grown iu this locality grow as well in Central 
Kansas as corn grown there? 
Ans. —It probably would, but an experi¬ 
ment alone eon Id decide the question. In the 
Rural for September 22d we gave a full but 
pithy account of the effect of the September 
cold w avc ou the corn crop all over the north 
eru section of the country, the information 
having been condensed from several hundred 
report* from all parts of the Northern States. 
From these it appeared that locally raised 
corn in all cases was least Injured, and that 
corn from seed from points further South than 
the places where it was planted, was always 
late, and was either entirely ruined or greatly 
damaged. Corn from Nebraska and Mis¬ 
souri seed planted as far north in Illinois aud 
Indiana, was also partially or wholly ruined. 
Kansas corn, however, escaped the frost this 
year; but it may not do so another season. It 
is likely, however, that goto seed corn planted 
somewhat south from the place where it was 
raised would do well. From all parts of the 
country the reports from the Shoe-peg Corn 
vary so greatly that no certain lesson on this 
point can be learned from these. 
F A. D., Mill Spring. Mo .—What ailed my 
cow, and what might have cured her? She 
first showed signs of distress in the morning 
by jerking her head every few minutes as 
though she had St. Vitus’s dance. There was 
considerable swelling under the jaw. She 
dried up in 24 hours. By spells she would rub 
her under jaw and the side of her head vio¬ 
lently. On post-mortem examination I found 
the glands of her throat as well as her lungs 
badly affected; but the neighbors said she 
had the “mad. itch.” 
Ans. —This was not “mad itch,” described 
last week in this Department, but probably 
the effect of tuberculous disease of the lungs 
aud the glands. Of course, as you do not say 
what medicine you gave, nothing can be said 
about that, although in giving medicine care¬ 
lessly, it may find its way into the lungs and 
cause death. The case is by no means clear 
with the very meager information given. In 
all these cases full particulars of what was 
given to the animal, aud how the organs ap¬ 
peared, and all other symptoms should be 
given, or nothing certain can be said. 
Fanner, Glanville, Out. —1. Where caul 
get Blush Potatoes? 2, How much Spring 
wheat should be sowed to the acre? 3. Will 
the Shoe-peg Cora ripen in this vicinity'? 
Where can the seed to obtained? 4. What 
kind of onion seed had I better sow? When 
would be the best time to sow—in the Fall or 
Spring? How should the land to prepared? 
Ans.—1. It will to advertised in the Rural 
New-Yorker aud in other farm journals. 2. 
Say two bushels: less will answer on fertilesoils. 
3. We fear not. 4. Any of the red, white or 
yellow varieties that are cultivated iu the 
States will gro «v in your locality. The large 
Yellow Globe. Red Wethersfield and Yellow 
Danvers are standard varieties. You had 
better sow m the Spring; as soou as the 
ground can be worked in rich, sandy soil, iu 
drills one foot apart: thin to three or four 
inches, and be sure aud keep down the weeds. 
Have the land well pulverized and manured. 
C. W. IF., Orleans, Mich. —About a year 
a g° a young mare of mine received a braise 
on the inside of the leg above the gambrel 
joint. The place was lanced, discharged 
freely, and healed over; but there are still 
several hard lumps, like callous spots, where 
the wound was, and the swelling has never 
disappeared entirely, though the mare does 
not fliuch when the place is pressed. What 
should to the treatment t 
Ans.— If these hard spots are ou the skin 
they may possibly be removed by poulticing 
or by blistering. If they are under the skin, 
it is probably an increase of cartilaginous or 
tony matter thrown out by the joint in con¬ 
sequence of the inflammation of the bone, aud 
will to permanent. If there is no lameness or 
tenderness, it might perhaps to well to put up 
with the blemish, lest what is bad now might 
to made very much worse. 
IF. E. H., Medina. Mich. —1. Our sorghum 
sirup when first made was apparently all 
right, except perhaps it was a little thin. 
After standing six or eight months, a part of it 
slowly turned to asemi-solid, amoi-phousmass. 
What is the reason? 2. If it is possible to 
adulterate sorghum sirup with glucose, by 
what test, simple or otherwise, could it* pi es- 
enee to detected ? 
Ans. -1 . The substance that set tled to the bot¬ 
tom was sugar, which had gradually erystal- 
ized. All sirups will deposit sugar if allowed 
to stand, there being too great an amount of 
it to be held in suspension iu the liquid form. 
2. We cannot give you a test, as we kuow of 
none that you could employ Chemists detect 
such adulterations by means of a polariscope. 
IF. 8’. C., Arguscille, N. Y. — 1. What is the 
address of the Newark Machine Company ' 
2. What is the address of parties in New York 
who sell !S. C. rock phosphate ? 3. Can beaus 
be thrashed iu a common thrashing machine ? 
4 How can lumps of dirt be separated from 
toms except by hand picking ' 
Ans. —t. Newark Machine Company, New¬ 
ark, Ohio. 2. John B. Sardv, 141 Water 
Street. New V ork, is a wholesale dealer in S. C. 
roek phosphate. 8. It is sometimes done by 
taking out every other tooth iu the machine. 
4. By means of a fanning mill. 
G, J., Stevensville, Pa .—In the morning one 
of my cows gave a good mess of milk, and only 
two quarts at night, and in a few days she 
dried up entirely. She breathes hard, doesn’t 
chew the cud, and eats very little. What ails 
her ? 
Ans.—T he trouble is doubtless iu the lungs. 
Bv this time a cough will proably have ap¬ 
peared. If so, it is pretty certain that the cow 
has pneumonia, or pleurisy, or plenro-pneu- 
monia, but it is not possible to say which from 
the information given. The sudden loss of 
milk indicates pleuro-pneumonia, which is 
prevalent just now in parts of Pennsylvania. 
It is a case in which a good veterinarian should 
be consulted at once. 
E. McC., Sing Sing, N. Y. —1, Will different 
varieties of wheat mix? 2, Will potatoes 
“ mix” if planted near each other ? 3, Has 
bran been ever tried as a potato fertilizer at 
the Rural Grounds? 4, How should Orchard 
Grass be sown? 
Ans. —1, No, wheat will not mix. 2, No, 
potatoes (that is the tubers) cannot mix in 
the hill any more than the stems of two trees 
which interlace cau mix. Potatoes can 
“mix’’only through the flowers. 3, No, we 
have never tried bran. 4, Orchard Grass 
may to treated in every way the same as 
Timothy, except as to bulk of seed sown. 
IF. H. V'., Clarion, Neb .—What plum would 
bo best to grow for market in this neighbor¬ 
hood? My land is high table-land, consisting 
of clay-loam, with a porous subsoil, and stands 
drought remarkably' well. The coldest weath¬ 
er we had last Winter was 27 degs. below 
zero. Will the Lombard do well here i 
Axs.—Jefferson and Kirke’s are given two 
stare for Nebraska by the Amer. Pom. So¬ 
ciety. while the Lombard is given one. Wash¬ 
ington will do well. The Lombard is hardy 
and very productive and would probably do 
well with you. Jefferson is large and of fine 
flavor, and of tost quality, and is a most 
desirable variety'. Kirke’s is very good. 
H. S., Pole, III .—Under what conditions are 
new plants and seeds tested at the Rural 
Grounds? 
Ans.—W e test all new small fruits, includ¬ 
ing grapes, hardy ornamental plants, farm 
and garden seeds, that seem worthy of being 
tested. We keep a record of all. and report 
the results in these columns. Persons sending 
new plants or seeds should send also a full 
description of their origin, etc. 
G. W. P. Bosdle, N. J .—What do “stars” 
given to certain grapes signify ? 
Ans.— In the catalogue of the American 
Pomological Society, the State or District in 
which a fruit is recommended for cultivation 
is designated by a star (*), and if a variety is 
of great superiority' and value, by two stars 
*); if new or recently introduced and prom¬ 
ising, by a dagger (+). 
C. P. B., Edirardsrille, III .—Five years ago 
I planted half-a-dozen filbert trees on a mod¬ 
erately' rich clay soil. They grew finely, and 
every season they bloom early in Spring aud 
buds develop, but no fruit forms. Why ? 
Ans. —We have observed that on rich soil 
they do not bear so soon as in poor soils. W e 
would advise you to cultivate about the roots 
rather freely and wait another year. 
C. B. B., Bridgeton, Pa .—Can I buy suffi¬ 
cient Niagara Grape-vines to set an acre or 
two, and if so. ou what terms ? 
Ans. —No, we believe not. except upon spe¬ 
cial terms, which the Niagara Grape Company, 
Loekport, N.Y., will supply upon application. 
F. S. W. No Address .—Is Gaskill’s Com¬ 
pendium of value in aiding a person in acquir¬ 
ing good peuiuauskip, or is it a fraud ! 
Ans.—I t is an excellent guide by which to 
become a good peuuian, and is very exten¬ 
sively' used, with marked beneficial results. 
S K. C., Green Briar, Tenn .— Where can l 
find a market for Angora wool and hides ? 
Ans.— Philadelphia is the only market in the 
United States. Send to any commission agen t 
in that city. 
T. H. VF., Upper Falls, Md .—Where can I 
get a set of knives for the Cummiug's bay 
cutter ? The patterns were burned when the 
car shops at Harrisburg, Pa., were destroyed, 
butsome Rural reader may still have repairs 
in stock. 
- 
Communications Received for the week Ending 
Satcrday, Nov. S. 
B. D. H.—T. El B.—S. P.G., your letters are welcome. 
—J. H., thanks lor all short notes of experience.—W. 
MeD.-A. D. It.— L. H. D.-J. A. J. M. R—-A. M. \Y - 
J. S. D.-N. R.—C. U. B.-A. I-- H. S.-R. N. C.-J. 
M. S.—’W. S.—G- W. O. OH.-A. Met.'.-1 S —L. P. W. 
E. C. S.-M. W.-J. M. S.-S. H. C.-H. A. T.-C. A. -J. 
A., yes.-4. M. W, -W. O. H.-F. 0.—S.8. R.T.-M J. 
G. B.. thaulcs.—K C. N.-W. B. -H. G, S.-H. A. McC. 
G. W. A.-F K. M —T. H. H.—Z, H.-CJ. A.-H. O. W:- 
J. H. N. B. R. V. Mrs. B. li. Colby, many thanks. F. 
W. S.—L. S. E., thanks tor suggestion.—T. D. C.—J. L. 
A. B. A.—O. C - A. J. e.-K. A. 1... thanks.—P. B. 
l.ymau Catnlee. The tiuestlou asked must have been 
mislaid. -P. M. I..-H. H -A. \V.—J. W. K.. thanks - 
G. W.C.-J.M.-H S.-J.M. S.-0. 51. H.—J. H. S.-D. 
W. 8.-W. P. H.-G. E. M.-A. L.—A. L. H.—P. J. M.- 
A. J A —8. H. R.—.—\V. S.-J. H.—T. H. H.—W.F.—J 
M. S. 
