DEC 4 
THE RURAL fSEW-YORKER. 
794 
digested that counts, and not that which is 
eaten. When food is not wholly digested a 
proportionately larger quantity is consumed 
for the same useful effect. 
“wOUf teeth” in horses. 
R. L. H. Minerva, N. Y. —Is it a fact that 
wolf teeth cause blinduess in horses, and that 
their removal affords relief? 
Ans. —“Wolf teeth” are two small super- 
nuinary teeth which appear on each side im¬ 
mediately in front of the first molar or double 
teeth on the upper jaw. The germs of these 
can be found in the jaw of the developed 
foal, and in the yearling they are fully 
formed, ready to work their way through the 
gums, after which, as a general rule, they 
soon fall out. Sometimes, however, they re¬ 
main for years, during which their form 
changes and they become more like the in¬ 
cisor teeth in man. Among horsemen gener¬ 
ally, and especially among farmers, there is 
a very strong, impressiou that these teeth are 
injurious to the eyes, frequently causing 
bliudness unless they are removed in time. 
This appears contrary to the experience of 
veterinarians, however, who say that if the 
belief were correct all horses would go blind, 
as all horses have these supernumary teeth at 
some period of their lives, generally between 
the first and the fifth year. In spite of this 
opinion, however, so stroug and widespread 
is the belief in the blinding effect of these 
teeth, that wheaever a horse is attacked by 
specific opthahnia the owner is pretty sure to 
look for these teeth, and if they are found 
they are supposed to be the cause of the dis¬ 
ease and are knocked out by means of a puuch 
and hammer or in some other way equally 
painful. This process bruises the gums, caus¬ 
ing considerable local inflammation, which, 
acting as a Counter-irritant, attracts the in¬ 
flammation from the eye, just as a blister 
might have done if applied at some other 
place, and straightway the belief becomes 
iixed that the •'wolf teeth” were the cause of 
the trouble. If these teeth must be removed, 
why not pull them out with a common pair of 
dentist’s forceps,'? 
SCOURS IN CALVES, ETC. 
S. B. G., Gilmanton, N. H .— 1. How much 
ground oats and shorts should be given per 
day to a heifer nine months old? 2. How can 
Poison Ivy bo destroyed i 8. What is a remedy 
for “scours” in a calf f 
Ans— 1. Begin with two ounces, and gradual¬ 
ly increase the quantity, so that in a month a 
pint is fed morning and night, mixed with 
some out hay or corn fodder. It will be better 
digested when thus fed. 2. Poison Ivy (Rhus 
toxicodendron), the three-leaved vine which 
adheres to trees and fences, should be dug out 
by the roots. No other means less thorough 
than this will eradicate it. 8. A calf that has 
scours is suffering from indigestion, from 
over-feeding, probably. Yon should have 
mentioned the age, as the treatment depends 
much upon that. If the calf is fed on milk, 
give only a quart of sweet, new milk for a feed 
twicen day, and the scours will soon stop. If 
it is older and weaned, give a toaspoonful of 
castor oil night and morning for a few days, 
and feed some boiled oats and nice sweet 
hay. If the spasms are severe, give a tea¬ 
spoonful of the following in a cup of milk 
every hour, until relieved: ouo drachm of 
laudanum, one drachm of camphorated spirit, 
and one ounce of sweet spirits of niter. Over¬ 
feeding and consequent indigestion are the 
prevailing CAiises of scours in calves. 
BLOODY MILK. 
M. R., Northeast , Fa. —What is the cause 
of bloody milk from a cow and a remedy 
therefor? 
Ans. —Bloody milk is caused by congestion 
or inflammation of the udder, and this may bo 
produced by a number of causes: by blows, 
eating irritating plants, rheumatism, heat or 
rut, or by a suddeu increase of the rations 
with rich food, or a considerable increase of 
the flow of blood to the part, as happens in 
calving. Clive a purgative consisting of one 
pound of Glauber or Epeom salts, to be fol¬ 
lowed, after the effect has passed off, by one 
ounce of saltpeter and 20 drops of tincture of 
aconite twice a day for four or five days. If 
hard lumps are felt in the udder, the part 
should lie bathed with tincture of camphor or 
with a mixture made by adding one part of 
compound tincture of iodine to four or live 
parts of water. 
ORIGIN OF THE IRISH POTATO. 
A. G. 3/., Clyde, Kansas .—From what did 
the Irish potato originate ? 
Ans.— The native home of the potato is in 
South America in Peru aud Chili, on the 
island of Chiloe, aud elsewhere. There are 
probably four or five species iu the wild state. 
It has also been discovered in the mountains 
of Arizona and New Mexico. The potato was 
carried to England in Sir Walter Raleigh’s 
vessels from Virginia in 158(5, but there is 
good reason to suppose that it lmd been intro 
duced into Spain much earlier from Quito. 
In 1588 it was sent to Flanders from Italy, 
where it had been received from Spain, and 
was at that time a common article of food. 
It was supposed to have been introduced into 
Virginia by the Spaniards. The potato of to¬ 
day is the potato of 300 years ago, after hav¬ 
ing gone through the stages of propagation, 
crossing and high-culture. 
“FOUL IN THE FOOT” IN CATTLE. 
G. R. S., Erwin Center , N. Y. —What is the 
best treatment for “foul” in cattle? 
Ans.—I f foul in the foot is meant, this is 
produced by a disordered condition of the 
blood, aud should be treated as follows: Give 
a pound of Epsom salts, and two days after¬ 
wards hegin to give half an ounce of chlorate 
of potash powdered and dissolved in a bran 
mash. Wash the sore parts with warm water 
and soap and apply a solution of one ounce 
of chlorate of zinc in a quart of water; steep 
rags in it and bind them around the foot. If 
foul sheath is meant, follow the same direc¬ 
tions but inject the zinc solution witha syringe. 
Miscellaneous. 
E. H. C., Mattsville, bid. —1. How can I 
keep potatoes unil next June or July, so as to 
sell them then at a good price? 2. Why did 
my ice melt this Summer, when packed in 
sawdust two feet thick? The sawdust heated; 
why? 3. Why doesn’t my Jersey cow get with 
calf after I have taken her several times to 
the bull? 
Ans.— 1. It will hardly pay to take all this 
trouble with the potatoes. If they were sold 
now at the market price they would probably 
bring more money, as 25 or 30 per cent, will 
be lost in the shrinkage by keeping them un¬ 
til the Spring. 2. There might be several 
reasons why the ice melted. If air penetrated 
at the bottom, or if the top was not properly 
ventilated, this result would happen: but, not 
knowing the facts, it is impossible to explain 
the matter satisfactorily. Sawdust will only 
heat when closely confined. 3. Next time 
you take the cow give her 24 ounces of Epsom 
salts 12 hoiu*s previously aud walk her three or 
four miles quite briskly. 
S. C., West Northfield, Mass .—Will muriate 
of potash mixed with bone meal make a good 
fertilizer? 
Ans. —Bone meal is good everywhere aud 
at any time. If it is raw bone meal aud is 
mixed with unleached wood ashes the mix¬ 
ture will be a very good fertilizer, and equal 
to common manure. Instead of wood ashes, 
about one-fourth as much muriate of potash 
might be used with espial results. But with 
this, some plaster, about twice as much as of 
the potash, should be used. In regard to fer¬ 
tilizers, it is best to try 100 pounds or so as an 
experiment before buying a large quantity, as 
they do not all act in the same way upon all 
soils. 
C. C. W., Stratford, Conn. —My horse is 
lame in what appeal's to be the coffin-bone; 
he shows it more iu goiug down hill than else¬ 
where. What should be the treatment? 
Ans. —The disease is probably inflamma¬ 
tion of the navicular or coffin-bone. The diffi¬ 
culty in going down hill indicates this: another 
symptom is putting the foot forward aud 
resting it on the toe when at rest. The treat¬ 
ment usually lieueflcial is to give a cooling 
laxative, as a pound of Epsom salts; to apply 
a poultice to the sole and heel of the foot, and 
to let the horse rest awhile. After a few days’ 
poulticing, some strong liniment may be ap¬ 
plied to the foot at the heel. 
IV, IV, T., Gil City, Ca, —1. Will cuttiug the 
tops off my Soft Maples stop their upward 
growth ? They are now between 25 aud 30 
feet high. 2. I have about 40 Niagara Grape 
seedlings cut back to two buds and packed 
close together in a cold-frame under glass in 
four-inch pots; will they live through the 
Winter ? 
Ans. —1. Trees of such an age and bight, 
if their tops were cut off, would grow later¬ 
ally more than before, but they would still 
increase in hight. They must not lie cut back 
too severely. 2. The pots should be sunk well 
in the soil, aud the soil should not be permit¬ 
ted to dry out, 
E. G. B. Dover, Del. —What are the three 
best varieties of grapes from which to make 
money in this latitude? I intend to plant 
3,000 vines the coming Spring. How should 
the fruit be packed? 
Ans. —We do uot dare to advise iu a matter 
of such importance without that information 
which is derived only from actual tests in the 
desired locality. As a matter of mere guess¬ 
work we would suggest a trial (merely a 
trial) of the following: Moore’s Early, for 
earliest black; Victoria, Vergeunes and Jef- 
forson. As to shipping, there is no better pack¬ 
age than the ordinary grape-box holding from 
three pounds upwards. 
B. D. N., Sherburne, N. V.—1. Who keeps 
Bronze turkeys to sell ? Will the eggs hatch 
if carried any distance on the cars ? 2. Is 
vR I^Jr ^ all kmvlsofniatmtc bioav? 
t cast or in drill, in one-tenth 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue and fullI particulars to 
fcur M BlUFEK WQ CO.» QaenUfe U., N. V 
gifltifulturid fmptemetttiS!. 
-reliable ? 3. Where and by whom 
are rubber curry-combs made ? 4, Are the 
knives of-what they are adver¬ 
tised to be ? 
Ans.— 1. Edward P. Cloud, Kennet Square, 
Chester County, Pa. Yes, if sent by express, 
and packed carefully. 2. We know nothing 
to the contrary. 3. Without doubt, of the 
Goodyear Rubber Co., New York City. 4. 
They are first-class in every respects. 
R. F„ Keene. Valley, N. F—1. What is the 
best breed of fowls to cross upon co mm on 
hens to produce the quickest-growing broilers ? 
2. Can the laying capacity of common hens 
be improved by crossing them with cocks of 
some prolific laying breed ? 
Ans.— 1. We should use Plymouth Rock cocks 
unless a non-sitting breed is desired. If so, 
Black Hamburghs. 2. Not that we are aware 
of, but their progeny would probably be more 
liberal layers. 
S. E. T., Beatrice, Neb. —1. Does the fact 
that a sow is with pig injure her meat? 2. A 
mare of mine lies been lame in the coffin joint 
forfive months. How should she be treated? 
Ans. —1. The condition of the sow has no 
injurious effect upon the pork unless it is far 
advanced, when the meat will be thin, but in¬ 
jured iu no other way. 2. See advice given 
to C. C. W. upon the same subject on this 
page. 
J. F. R., Mill Bridge, N. C.—l. Which is 
the better time to plant onion sets—in the Fall 
or Spring ? How should the ground be pre¬ 
pared, and how should the sets be protected 
through the Winter.* 2. Are the publishers of 
the Kansas City Times a reliable firm J 
Ans.— 1. In your climate, plant in the Fall. 
The gi'ound should be prepared as for early 
cabbage, using plenty of manure, which should 
be turned under, and the surface soil then 
made level. Put on a light covering of salt 
hay, straw, etc. 2. We do not know. 
L. R. S., Belfort, N. V.—What will remove 
a blood wart from my horse’s neck ? 
Ans.—A blood wart may be a dangerous 
thing to meddle with. If it is an aneurism, or 
dilation of an artery- nothing but compres¬ 
sion should be employed, unless astringent 
washes, such as infusion of oak bark or galls, 
or solution of sugar of lead, to be used to aid 
the effect of the compress. 
Subscriber, Bennington County. Vt .— 
Which is the best grist mill for grinding from 
1,000 to 1,200 bushels of grain a year on the 
farm? 
Ans—T here are a good many good grist 
mills advertised in the Rural by trustworthy 
and reliable manufacturers. We have uot 
tried them all, hence cannot tell which is the 
best. Write to our advertisers for circulars, 
and from them you can judge for yourself. 
J. E. B,. Middlebury, Conn.—What is the 
best fertilizer for an apple orchard, where 
barnyard manure cannot be obtained ? 
Ans.—N ot knowing the needs of your soil, 
we should apply bone meal at the rate of at 
least 5500 pounds to the acre, and unleached 
ashes or potash iu some form. 
A. G. T., Bratton, Neb.— 1. Where can I get 
graduated cream gauges, and what is the 
price ? 
Ans. —From Schreiber, Conchard & Co., 
Dubuque, la., and Sinclair & Co., Fairmont, 
Minn. The prices run from four to five cents 
each, according to the quantity taken. 
L. F. S., Chicago , III.— How can I best keep 
my Niagara seedlings through Winter ? 
Ans.—W e know of no better way than to 
sink the box iu the soil so that the top of the 
box will be level with the soil. Then cover 
loosely with five or six inches of straw. 
W, H. H. MeV,, Sedalia, Mo.—Ot whom 
cau I get Lady Elgin Crabs * 
Ans. —Ellwnuger & Barry, Rochester, N. 
Y. Nurserymen further west may have it, 
but we cannot recull any. 
D. B. \V.,N. Y. City .—What is a good work 
on making wine from native grapes ? 
Ans.— Send to Bush, Son& Meissner. Bush- 
berg, Jefferson Co., Missouri, and inclose 25 
cents. 
■ « «» 
Communications Reokived for the week Ending 
Saturday. Nov.21. 
W.P.-S. B. G.-G. R. S.-J. R. G. -M. D. C.-A. J. 
C.-S. R. P.-8. C.-T.H. W.-W. R.-E. P.-S. E. T. 
-S. R. P.-Rutll Llebenthnll. thanks. R. S. T.—E.C. 
R —W. D. B —L H.-Mrs. W. C. G., thanks. Thear 
tide will appear under l.Horary lu due time.—H. S. 
-J. B.-A. S.-L. F. 8.-H, S.-J. A. C.-A. J. C.-C.C. 
W —D. K.—VV. W. 11. MoV.-J. G. W.-F. E. A.-C. U. 
—H. U'.-Q. S. P., Jr.—T. H. 11.—R. 11.—J. C. B.-R. 
F.-I. P.S.—T. T. 1.. J. H. N.-O .S. B.-Mrs. E. D. 
B., we hope you may.—L. R. C., the Rubai aheoj/s 
wants short, pithy articles of experience. We do not 
eare Tor Ions articles —C. Q. A., we shall have It 
drawn.—V Subscriber. Vermont.—W. T.—F., G. B.— 
W. J. F.—W. W. T.—J. B. Garter, thanks tor seed.— 
Mrs.C. A. Bramhall,many thanks.-J . M D .thanks. 
Let us hear from you attala—U. H.— G, A. F.—L. B. 
M.—L. R., do not know.—L. V. B —A. F, W,—A C. B. 
—O. B. ^>1 loh.), thunks.—T. Winder, thanks. Your 
notes are welcome.—F. E. B.—C. V. R.—D. H. B.—T. 
T. L.-J. B. R.— V. A. L.—D. B. W. -E. H. C.-J. K, 
P.-D. F. D. P.-B. F. E.-K. C.-C. D.-R. T. McN. 
^ MAST, F00S & |C0„ 
.—SPKINGFJEIiD, O., 
tubers 
^WmH TURBINE 
tlT AND BUCKEYE 
15 li r WIND P 
r g| IjNGINEi 
Strong and Durable, will not Shrink, Swell. 
Warp, or Rattle in the Wind. 
Also BUCKEYE IRON FENCING. 
The BUCKEYE FORCE-PUMP never freezes In winter 
Send for our CIRCULARS and PRICES. 
THE OLD RELIABLE HAlLADaY 
STANDARD 
27 
MILL, 
WOOD, TABER & MORSE, 
Eaton, Madison Co., X.^Y. 
manufacturers of 
PORTABLE AND AGRICULTURAL 
Steam Engines 
Of the HIGHEST STANDARD, in every respect, of 
materials and workmanship. Were pioneers 
In the manufacture of 
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And with determined policy to build onlv the best 
machinery front ihe best material,, and in the best 
manner of o\ jnstrl- CTION, and with continued im¬ 
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excellence of workmanship, simplicity of deaign.and 
capacity of power. Fora quarter of a century have 
maintained their manufacture, t he 
Standard Portable and Agricultural Engines 
of the world. Descriptive Circulars sent on applica¬ 
tion. Mention this paper. 
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_ PULVERIZER 
t THE PERKINS 
gfflwiND MILL 
Is the Strongest and Best 
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made. Full instructions for erecting 
sent with the first milL All Wind 
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Agents wanted. Mishawaka, Ind. 
milENGEMP KILL 
Victorious at all Dm-. Over SV'UI in 
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Catalogues free. CHALLENGE WIND MILL & FEED 
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vepntation and Sales, world wide. Every? till 
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ADAMS WIND MILLS 
forPumpingr or tor Power \ 
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Marseilles. LaSaiak C. Ilk 
