23 
IMIllill 
Horse 
Stable, 
Plan of frame, 
through center, 
H 4X/2. 
which made 3 % pounds. Economy in feeding 
is to fee l liberally. He regarded wheat-bran 
and middlings as the best food*, next to this 
come oats and cotton-seed meal. Ho is no 
friend to corn-meal as cow feed, preferring 
oats and bran, half and half, to oats and corn 
meal. He likes, as a feeding ration, four 
pounds of bran, three pounds of oats and one 
pound of cotton-seed meal. 
Dr. Sturteva&t, of the New York Experi¬ 
ment Station, said chemistry told us wbat 
was in a feeding stuff, providing we get it all 
out; but did not tell which was the most 
profitable to feed. Feeding is not so much a 
chemical as a practical problem. The cow is 
a machine converting food into heat, motion 
flesh and dairy products. The products are 
the only available results of the food consum¬ 
ed, the others are the wasted parts, or, dead 
weight: therefore it is essential that the ani¬ 
mals be kept warm and quiet. 
T. D. Curtis, Syracuse, in discussing dairy¬ 
ing in the West, said that while the East had 
the advantage of purer and more accessible 
water, the West bad richer and cheaper lands. 
The only cheek on a tendency to overdo dairy¬ 
ing in the West is the slowness with which 
good dairy cows can be increased. He thinks 
the East is ahead in the quality of butter 
made. 
Hon. H. R. Low said that corn at 25 to 30 
cents per bushel, is equivalent to bay at $7 to 
$8 per ton; while freight charges on Western 
dairy products are high. The competition 
from bogus products is much more damag¬ 
ing tbau all others. He was glad to see the 
law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of 
these, and was glad it had been sustained by 
the court. 
B. D. Gilbert, of Utica, in considering the 
prospects of the dairy, said the skimmer has 
done great injury to the cheese interests. It 
has cast suspicion on our products, and sent 
purchasers of good stock to Canada. He 
thinks skimming a losing business. Our best 
butter market is the home market. 
Mr. F. Blanchard, Jamestown, in talking 
of Farmers’ Mistakes, says it is a great mis¬ 
take to follow the advice of those writers who 
have no practical knowledge of the farm. 
Plowing in clover be thinks a cheaper way of 
fertilizing the soil then buying commercial 
manures or even drawing out barn-yard ma¬ 
nure. He thinks any land that will grow 
clover can be enriched without any other 
manure. 
Prof. Roberts, of Cornell University, said 
there was a great loss in keeping a poor cow, 
also in feeding poor feed. The difference in 
absolute value of manure was more than the 
difference in cost of food. He thought that 
cotton seed meal,which costs £2? per ton, was 
worth $34 as manure to apply to the soil. 
The manure made by 1(1 horses in a covered 
barnyard in six months, by careful estimate 
and analysis, was worth $1,000. He therefore 
thinks it much better to make this rich ma¬ 
nure on the farm than to purchase commercial 
fertilisers; but it must be carefully looked af¬ 
ter that nothing be lost. He bad made an 
experiment in cutting clover and in digging 
the roots apd carefully analyzing both, by 
which be bad ascertained the manurial value 
of clover to be $84 per acre. On the College 
farm they feed all the hay and straw and 
coarse grain produced, and in addition, bought 
about 10 car-loads of grain, cotton seed meal, 
oilcake meal, bran, etc., and they made the 
farm pay. 
After the passage of resolutions highly com¬ 
plimentary to Prof. Arnold, the convention 
adjourned. T. d. c. 
-*-♦-*- 
MEETING OF THE CONN. BOARD OF 
AGRICULTURE. 
The farmers’ meeting of the Connecti¬ 
cut Board of Agriculture at Meriden, Conn., 
commencing Dec. 16, was well attended and 
many good things were said. Prof. W. O. At¬ 
water, in an essay on the Chemistry of Food, 
said, we select much of our foods more in accord¬ 
ance with their ttgreeableuess to our palates 
than with their value for uourlshiug our bod¬ 
ies; at the same time it is interesting to note 
that the prices of the articles that constitute 
the bulk of our fowls, seem to run more or 
less parallel with their actual uutriont value. 
The general experience of mankind has led 
meu slowly and blindly to the same conclu¬ 
sions to which accurate research more under- 
staudingly and quickly guide us. 
Analyses show a quart of milk, a quart of 
oysters, and a pound of beef to be of equal 
nutritive value, but the beef is the most avail¬ 
able, and in actual practice worth the most 
money. Oatmeal is the cheapest food, be¬ 
cause it furnishes more pounds of nutrients for 
the same money. Indian corn is also a cheap, 
wholesome food; so are beans. Potatoes at 
50 cents or less per bushel ore a cheap aud 
wholesome food. 
Samuel Stone said the horse’s feet iu a state 
of nature need no shoes. They are only to be 
tolerated iu Winter to prevent slipping, and 
should theu be very light. The compelling of 
a horse to wear a heavy set of shoes and then 
to go a long time without having them re-set, 
was simply barbarous. The numerous inven¬ 
tions and devices for improvement, for the 
past century, prove the need of some better 
system of horse shoeing, The best method of 
promoting the growth of a horse’s hoofs is to 
keep them frequently wet. The simple appli¬ 
cation of water is all that is necessary. 
Mr. Ellsworth, of Windorn, after growing 
tobacco for years, became disgusted, gave it 
up and devotes the land to sorghum growing. 
He manufactures sirup from the cane, and 
made 100 gallons per acre last year, which 
sold readily at 05 cents—cost of manufacture 25 
cents—the bagasse makes excellent bedding. 
He got 25 bushels of seed per acre, which 
makes capital (buckwheat) cakes, better than 
the genuine. He is well pleased with this 
new crop—raises the Amber Cane. 
Mr. Whitelaw, of New Jersey, contended 
that it was possible for farmers to mind their 
own business on business principles, and make 
a good profit in so doing. He believed the 
fanners owed much to tbe Patrons of Hus¬ 
bandry, and pleaded for the extension of the 
order. He thought it bad done, and would 
do, much to prevent imposition and frauds, so 
often practiced upon the farming class, and 
would do much to elevate and fit the farmers 
to enjoy the rights which they could secure by 
cooperation. 
Mr. J. B. Olcott said nothing so affects 
man’s welfare aud happiness as health. It 
is the foundation of all that makes life desir 
able. The sanitary condition of farmers’ 
premises is, as a rule, simply vile; the subject 
should be constantly agitated till a reforma¬ 
tion shall be accomplished. 
their room, on Tuesday, Jan. 13th, at 1:30 p. 
m. Gen. Marcy will address them on Farm¬ 
ing in California. We had a fine report of 
the last meeting, including Mr. Williams’s 
article on vine-pruning, but it is crowded 
out. _ 
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY’S CONVENTION. 
We wish once more to call attention to the 
sixth annual meeting of the Mississippi Val¬ 
ley Horticultural Society, which will be held at 
New Orleans from January 14 to 17 inclusive. 
The programme is large and varied and con¬ 
tains as speakers and essayists many of the 
most promiuent and best posted men of the 
United States, among whom we notice quite 
a number of our correspondents. We have 
no doubt but this will prove a very interest¬ 
ing meeting, and profitable and pleasant to all 
who attend. W. H. Ragan is the Secretary, 
Green Castle, Ind. 
The Western New York Horticul¬ 
tural Society. — The Thirtieth Annual 
Meeting of this wide-awake society will be 
held at Rochester, N. Y., commencing Wed¬ 
nesday, January 28th, at 11 o’clock a m. A 
varied aud interesting program has been 
prepared, and we promise all who attend a 
live meeting, Full particulars can be obtain¬ 
ed of tbe Sec'y , P.C. Reynold,Rochester,N.Y. 
The Next Annual Meeting of the Amer¬ 
ican Poultry Association will be held at 
rooms of tbe New Yoik Fanciers’ Club, Mad¬ 
ison Square Garden, N. Y., commencing on 
the evening of February 9th, 1885, at 7:30 p. 
M. Geo. S. Josselyn, Sec’y., Fredouia, N. Y. 
The Fourth Ensilage Congress will be 
End 
Frame. 
T 
rz 
B A 
12X30 12X3 0 
f >2- 2- p 4 
PLAN OF 
BARN FLOOR. G 
3X11 
Small Barn with Plans. Fig. 15. 
It was conceded by all that the best cover¬ 
ing for strawberries, where attainably is salt- 
grass bay; where this is not to be had, a slight 
covering of earth was recommended; it has 
no bad qualities, aud is always at band. To 
tbequestion, which are the best red raspberries, 
tbe answer was made, Cuthbert, Reliance, 
Early Prolific, and Montclair. 
Mr. T. B. Wakeman, in considering the 
question, “Will Farming Pay?” said that mil¬ 
lions of dollars made out of farming in New 
England had been put into investments at three 
to five per cent, .though the money would draw 
twice that interest, if invested in improving 
the farms. Farms of from 30 to 200 acres 
could be bad for less than the cost of the im¬ 
provements. The average yield of corn in 
Connecticut is 33 bushels per acre, and only 
two States have so high au average. Wheat 
averages equally high, aud all crops brlug 
one-third more here fchau at the West. It was 
formerly thought the dullest boy would do for 
the fanner, now farming wants the bright¬ 
est. The most intelligent fanners are the 
most successful. A liberal application of va¬ 
rious manures, thorough cultivation aud 
plenty of thought, in the owner, seldom fail of 
securing good crops and a fair profit. Of a 
given number of young men, one half making 
farmiug a study and business, the other half 
engaging iu mercantile pursuits, the former 
half would average much the more successful, 
aud live the longest aud enjoy life the best. 
Intelligence and thought are needed, and will 
pay on New England farms. E. w. 
The Next Meeting ok the American 
Institute Farmers’ Club will be held at 
ing a basement with walls eight feet high 
Fig. 1 gives a side view of the barn andjinto 
tbe basement. At Fig. 2 is shown the plan of 
the ground floor. A is a mow 16x30 feet; B 
F7g. 1, 
held at the office of the N. Y. Plow Co., 55 
Beekman Street, New York, commencing at 
noon of Wednesday, 21st iust, and continuing 
at the will of the meeting. A visit will be made 
to the stables and silos of Mr. Wtu. Simpson 
and Mr. Richard M. Hoe, in the 23d Ward of 
New York. J. B. brown, Sec’y. 
55 Beekmau Street, New York. 
Architectural. 
DESIGNS FOR TWO SMALL BARNS. 
There are many small farms successfully 
cultivated with but one or two teams, and on 
which but one or two cows are kept. For 
such the small barns shown at Figs. 15 and 16, 
will U found suitable. We are indebted to 
Martin F. Bragg for the plans from which 
our drawings are made. 
A born 80x40 feet with 16 feet posts and 
gambrel roof, is shown in Fig. 15. At Fig. 2 
Is given the ground floor plan. B is a mow 
12x30 feet; A is the barn floor, having the 
same dimensions; C C C are stalls, and d is 
the passage-way back of them \ e e e ore the 
feed racks, and / the passage way in frant of 
them; U is the granary, 4x12 feet; at I I are 
the double sliding doors; J J represent the 
stable doors. Fig 8 shows the plan of the 
frame through the center; aud at Fig. 4 is 
given the plan of the frame at each end. This 
barn bos no basement, but affords room 
euough for hay, grain, and horses for a small 
farm. 
The barn shown at Fig. 16 is more roomy, 
being 30x44 feet with 18-foot posts, and hav' 
Barn with Basement and Plans. Fig. 16. 
is the main floor, of the same size; C is the 
granary, and E E E E are grain bins; F is an 
opening into the basemeut, through which 
hay is thrown; G the stairway and H a pass¬ 
age-way to the stairs; I is a cupboard for 
bags, sieves, etc.; J is a small mow, and at 
K K are the sliding doors, 12x12 feet. Fig. 3 
gives the plan of the basement. A shows the 
horse stalls for five horses; B is a sheep pen, 
and it is provided with movable racks; C the 
cow stable for four cows; D is a movable calf 
pen; E a place to receive the hay from above, 
F is a room for storing feed, and H a smal 
harness room. A study of these plans will 
show the merits of each barn, and the farmer 
can judge which is best suited to his needs. 
Pontologicffl 
THE KIEFFER AND MIKADO PEARS; 
THE ULSTER CO. PROLIFIC AND 
POUGHKEEPSIE RED GRAPES AND 
MARLBORO RASPBERRY IN KANSAS. 
My Kieffer Pear, five years old, planted in 
the Autumn of ’79, from which I expected 
fruit in ’85, is blighted almost to the earth. 
It is a fine, large tree, I think a standard 
but only one limb is left on tbe north side 
about a foot from the earth. This is the only 
case of blight in a dozen varieties, except a 
few twigs on a Bartlett. 
The Mikado, planted in the Soring of ’88, 
made a fine growth the first year, and not a 
bud was injured by the extreme cold of last 
Winter—the most severe I have ever known. 
I should say it is hardy at 26° below zero. 
The Lent Lea (Chinese Sand Pear) was badly 
injured, and only grew from near the earth. 
The Ulster Prolific Grape (Cavwood’s) 
which I have on trial, did not lose a bud by 
the severe cold of last Winter, though it was 
without any protection whatever. 
Poughkeepsie Red (Caywood’s) which I 
also have on trial, was badly injured, and 
was cut off at the ground. B6th were planted 
in the Spriug of ’83. The latter made about 20 
feet of ripened wood the past Summer; the 
former, counting the branches, about 75 feet. 
I have also Mr. Caywood’s Marlboro Rasp¬ 
berry, but, alas’ I fear all the good canes are 
killed. About the latter part of Juue the 
leaves began to lose their healthy color, and 
grew worse. In August it occurred to me to 
use the microscope, when I found the leaves 
above and below, covered with what I called 
the red spiders, as they seemed to cover the 
surface with short webs. 1 tried to kill them 
by several applications of a stroug docoction 
of tobacco stems and, then with a strong solu¬ 
tion of whale-oil soap; but they lived through 
it all, and 1 pronounce most of the canes dead 
at this time. 
I planted a Downing’s Everbearing Mul¬ 
berry last Spriug. When received, it was 
about a foot long; now it is a branching tree 
seven feet high, with a trunk four inches in 
