ST. JOSEPH, MICH. ,|| 
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MAR 21 
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YOUTHS’ HORTICULTURAL CLUB 
OF THE 
RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
TWELFTH REG ULAR DISCUSSION. 
( Continued. \ 
Topic: Beans, and Bean Culture . 
Glennie: Beansare very interestingplants; 
it is so carious to watch them when they first 
cime up, bringing the bean out of the ground 
to form the first leaves. Then they look so 
nice in the garden, in trim and bright looking 
rows. We do not often have Boston baked 
beans. We usually boil them till they are 
tender, then put in a chunk of pork (sliced 
part way down across the top) and bake them 
two hours. Another way which I like is to 
put them in a bag after they are boiled ten¬ 
der, and put the bag into the big dinner pot 
to boil with a piece of pork or beef two houre. 
Then turn out into a dish put in pepper, salt 
if necessary, butter and cream. I like the 
brown bush beans, and the flat pole beans, 
Case Knife I think they are called. We had 
some very large beans last year, but they did 
not ripen as early as the other kinds, as 
the frost killed them before we had a 
chance to see bow we liked them. I never 
shall forget the fun we had one day, when my 
brother and I picked over some beans to sell, 
and made up some rhymes to read at a literary 
society to pass away the time while at work. 
Rustycoat: Beans are among our best 
known and most common vegetables. We 
find in our section of New Jersey that for 
market, early beans pay the best. Later in 
the season they get very cheap, we have sold 
them as low as ‘20 cents a bushel. The wax 
beans are generally higher priced than the 
green ones and sell better. I see some people 
think that beans do better on poor or light 
soil I think it is the same with them as 
with many other things, viz., the better the 
soil, the larger the crop. They are very sen¬ 
sitive to frost, as we were reminded only last 
Spring, by our first planting turning yellow 
oue cold night. They survived it, but l do not 
think they did so well as they otherwise 
would. Like most other vegetables, they re¬ 
quire thorough cultivation. We like the old 
red Valentine yet. as well as any, for green 
bush beans. We like the Golden Wax very 
well. They are early and productive. Toe 
Challenger Limas which were sent out by the 
Rural a few years ago, are productive and 
good, but a little too late to sell profitably. 
Maybelle Park: We raised Lima Beans 
for market a great many years, but have now 
given them up; they should be planted the 
middle of May, in Waukesha Co., Wis, we 
plant them in hills, having each bill three 
feet apart, putting from three to five beans in 
a bill with the eye of the bean down. When 
the vine is about three feet higb, there should 
be a pole six feet in length put to each hill 
and the vine tied to the pole with stout twiue. 
Of course the weeds must be kept out of Lima 
Beans as well as from anything else. The 
beaus will be large enougu for the table or 
market the Ust of July. The beau pod 
varies in length from two to four iueues and 
each pod has from oue to five beans in it. 
Now comes the hardest part of lima bean 
raising, the shelling; the picking hi not very 
hard, but the shelling is, as one bushel of 
beaus in the pod makes only four quarts of 
shelled beans, and the sheller must be very 
careful not to open the pod with the thumb 
nail, as he is apt to do, for the next day the 
end of his thumb will be very sore; but he 
should just bend over the end of the pod and 
open it m that way. If the beaus are not to 
be used immediately after shelling, they must 
be put in a cool place aud spread thin, to 
keep them from turning black or sprouting. 
We now raise Golden Wax, string beaus. 
We have tried many other Kinds, but like 
this kind the best. They should be plauted 
about two feet apart, and are very uice used 
as string beans; that is, to cook the pod be¬ 
fore the beans are large. They can be used 
as shell beans about the first of July. 
We have raised the field beau, the Tree 
Navy, which is very nice; they are planted 
the same time as etring beaus, and when the 
leaves turn yellow they are ready to pull, and 
we turn them with the roots up so the suti can 
shine on the beaus aud dry them, they are 
then taken to the barn and thrashed; it is not 
very pleasant work to pick over a pan of 
beaus every evening, fur we have bad a lot of 
beaus that were partly mildewed, and had to 
be hand picked. 
AlkxandkrG. Young: Most of the Cousins 
know how to raise garden beans; I will tell 
you how to raise the White Navy, We plow 
the ground in the Fall or early in the Spring. 
Then we plow or cultivate the ground when 
we plant the beans; we plant them between 
the 15th and 35th of June here in Otoe Co., 
Neb., they come up in two or three days. The 
beans ripen all at once. Then we pull them 
and pile them in small piles and let them dry. 
We then bring them in, pile them on the barn 
floor and beat them out with a flail, or if we 
have no barn floor we thrash them out iu a 
wagon box, or a large drygoods box. Then 
we clean them out in the fanning mill. They 
yield about 14 to 16 bushels per acre. We get 
from $3 to $3 per bushel. 
Hester Young: To cook the white dried 
beans; we wash them aud put them to cook iu 
cold water with a teaspoonful of soda; let 
them boil from three quarters to one hour; 
then change the water, and put in meat, aud 
use cold water. When the beaus are thor¬ 
oughly cooked, but not to pieces, we put them 
in a deep basin, lay the meat iu the center, 
and bake them to a nice brown. Grandmother 
baked beans another way; she would wash her 
beaus at night, put them in a crock, and cover 
them with water, with a little soda stirred 
through them; in this water they soaked all 
night.; in the morning she would drain off the 
water, put the beans iu a deep basin, and put 
a piece of meat iu the center; if the meat was 
fresh, seasoning with pepper and salt; covered 
with cold water, and set in the stove oven to 
bake; if care is taken to keep them cookiug all 
the forenoon, they will be a fine brown, ten¬ 
der to the center and tne bottom of the pan. 
This is the way to cook Boston Biked Beans. 
Graudmother was from Boston, 
David Young: As both brother and sister 
have written to you, l will tell you wbat kind 
of beans mother raises for Summer; they are 
the Black Wax. We plautt.bem one foot apart 
in rows, aod three iuebes m the row. We 
think them the best kind for Summer use. We 
had some cooked to day that she put down last 
Fall in salt and they were real good. 
Alfred B. Bird: Beans have been used by 
man ever since the early days of Egypt, and 
possibly’ before. From there they have been 
introduced into most civilized countries. They 
are also divided into many varieties, differing 
in color, size, productiveness, and time of ri¬ 
pening. The white field beans are the popu¬ 
lar market sort. Snap, or string beans, are 
larger than the white ones, and of many col 
ors They are used mostly in the green state, 
being snapped up, pods aud all, and boiled. 
The Lima is a still larger kind; it is flat aud 
white, and requires a long season to ripen in. 
Beans should not be planted until the frosts 
are over, the first of June being early enough 
in Washtenaw Co., Mich. They will yield a 
paying crop on soils so poor that many crops 
would be a failure. The best crops are raised 
on good soils, however. Most people plant and 
cultivate beaus the same as they do corn. 
Others use a drill to plant them with, and 
then boe them once or twice if the ground is 
very weedy. Do not cultivate them when the 
leaves are wet, as it will make them rust, 
which is an injury to them. When most of 
the beans are ripe—but before they begin to 
shell out—is the time to gather them. They 
are pulled by hand aud thrown in convenient 
piles, and turned occasionally until dry; or 
the dry ones may be taken to the barn at 
once, and the green ones left on the grouud to 
dry before being taken in. In preparing for 
market, they are flailed, or tramped out, on a 
large floor, aud then run through the fanning 
mill. A threshing machine is also sometimes 
used to shell them. Some people hand pick 
them after this. Haud-picked beans will 
bring a better price in the market than the 
others. It' the vines are clean and bright, 
cows will eat them nearly all up. I will let 
some of the girl Cousins tell how to cook 
beans, us they know more about such things 
than boys. 
Orris French : We raise the common 
white bean. We Fall plow; manure well with 
rotted barn yard manure; mark with a two- 
horse cultivator; drop iu the outside furrows 
about 18 inches apart, about six kernels, the 
rows are about 3}^ feet apart. Cover with 
the cultivator and harrow smooth. We plant 
the latter part of May in Humboldt Co., Iowa. 
Cultivate with a two-horse cultivator after 
they are up, and hoe often enough to keep 
ahead of the weeds. When ripe we pull, dry 
aud thrash them, as quickly as we can,or if like¬ 
ly to ruin, get them into the barn. We plant 
3>a inches deep, and get five to seven bushels 
from one-eight of an acre. 
H R. Miller: My brother plants the large 
white, Royal Dwarf Marrow bean, in double 
rows leaviug nine inches between rows and 
two feet three iuebes between double rows. 
By planting three beans in a hill evey 13 in¬ 
ches, the bills on one row come half way be¬ 
tween those of the next double, row giviug the 
advantage of hills 18 inches each vruy, while 
they can be cultivated by a horse. We like 
them boiled, iu water until many of them are 
boiled to pieces, then seasoned, making a thick 
soup. One year I bad such a good yield of 
yellow pod Black Wax beans, we could not 
use them all aud not knowing what else to do 
we pickled some before they got too old for 
string beans. 
Abbik Ward: We prepare baked beans by 
soaking them over night; we scald them in 
the morning, then wash them in cold water, 
cook them about an hour, we add one quarter 
of a teaspoonful of saleratus; aud when the 
skins are tender, the wafer is poured off again, 
and the beans are put in the oven with a bit 
of freshened perk, a teaspooDful of molasses 
or sugar, and water enough to cover them. 
The rind of the pork should be checked with a 
sharp knife. T will warrant beans so cooked 
to be good, for ours are always very nice. 
Minnie Aiken: To grow Lima Beans, the 
soil should be dry and rather light. I plant 
them from two-aud-a-half to three feet apart 
in the row, and three inches deep, with the 
eye of tha bean downward, and the bills little 
elevated. A stout, pole live feet high is very 
good for the vines to run on, WheD the}- reach 
the top of the pole, 1 think it best to pin?h off 
the ends of the vines, as it causes greater pro¬ 
ductiveness below. 
Annis Horton: And so you want to find 
out if us youugsters know Beans! If you 
could see us when our mother brings in a dish, 
smoking hot, of baked beans, you would think 
we knew what they were good for; as for 
growiug them, that is not so nice as eating 
them. We grow all kinds of white beans; we 
do not like “darkle” beans on the table. I 
want my food to look uice as well as taste nice, 
so discard all colored beaus, except the Black 
Wax; the pods of those are white, and there¬ 
fore look well on the table. To cook shell 
beans, put them inlo a kettle of water aud boil 
three hours; put- a piece of butter in another 
kettle; put the beans in aud fry them 30 
minutes, or until tender; then add one cup of 
cream and cook a few- minutes longer, and see 
if they are not delicious. I plant Marrowfat 
for early shelled; Kidneys and Limas for later. 
I tried the tree bean, but do not like it very 
well; I tried the Lemon Wax, but unless used 
when very young, they are tough with us, in 
Michigan. 1 think rich soil the best for beans. 
Last Summer I tried some on manured 
ground, aud some on ground that was not ma¬ 
nured, and the beans that were on the richer 
grouud did the best; for when dry weather 
came, those were green and blossoming, while 
the others were withered up. 
M. P. Adams: In our garden, in Maine, we 
plant Early China and Early Valentine bush 
beans for early Snap; for pole beans, Horticul¬ 
tural, Red Cranberry, aud Yellow Cranberry ; 
occasionally a bill of Scarlet Runuer.and White 
Dutch Runner, mixed iu, for ornament only. 
Cedar poles, with the bark on, are the best. 
For field beans we plant the Improved Yellow 
Eye. and the White Pea Bean. The Yellow 
Eyes we plant about one-and one-half inches 
apart, in the rows, and the rows about two- 
and-oue-half feet apart, so as to go lietween 
them with the cultivator. The Pea Bean we 
plant about one foot apart, one in a place, in 
the rows, the rows being two and-one half feet 
apart; then they cover the ground—one beau 
yielding eight hundred, sometimes. Some 
people call them the thousand to one bean. 
When the leaves are yellow, we pull and stack 
the vines. To stack them, we nail two slats 
opposite each other on a pole about two feet 
from the pointed end, and drive it into the 
ground; then laying the roots in. we build up 
the stack until the stake is full. After stand¬ 
ing until quite dry, we haul them into the 
barn, and mow them away, and on cold, 
windy days thresh them out. 
Allen Martin: The little field bean does 
best on a hill-side, and a gravelly soil is con¬ 
sidered best for them. If on a wet soil, they 
are apt to go too much to vine, and not ripen. 
They should be gathered iu dry weather. 
Lima Beaus should be planted in the latter 
part of May in Kuox Co.. Ohio, but they do 
not ripen except in favorable seasons. A 
white willow hedge back of oui orchard sup¬ 
plies plenty of poles. Wax Beans are uice, 
but grow so near the ground that they some¬ 
times rot. I think a farm would be incom¬ 
plete without a few beans on it, though I never 
raised them for sale. 
Lowry G. Kelly: The White Cranberry 
is a good beau here in Virginia. The old 
Speckled Valentine is the earliest bunch bean 
we have, but it gets tough so quick. We like 
the White Valentine better. I do not know 
how much beans yield to the acre, for I do not 
know any person who grows them by the 
acre. We never fed our cattle beans, but they 
are very fond of the pods. We don’t like the 
Bluck Wax Bean. The Golden Wax is a good 
beau until it spots. The locust poles are the 
best for running beaus. We like the Scarlet 
Runner for snap and dried beaus. The October 
Beau is a good corn bean; it is red-speckled, 
but not very prolific. The bean weevil has 
been so bad, that for a year or so we could not 
use the beans, until this year. The weevils 
were dead in the beaus last Spring; we thought 
the extreme cold killed them. 
(To be continued.) 
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