ADS 4 
516 
f HI RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
be placed around watering places, on the 
lower ground. This is sensible, as the greater 
need of the droppings is on the knolls, and in 
no case do the good effects ever go up hill.... 
We all know without having it retold, says 
Mr. Gbeever, that good butter calls for good 
cows, good food, pure water, kind treatment, 
a propei- temperature, and a suitable place 
for setting the milk, early skimming, skillful 
churning, working, salting, coloring, printing 
or packing, and the most scrupulous cleanli¬ 
ness everywhere aud at all times. Yes, we 
all know it, but few of us act as if we did. 
Worse than a Barbed wire Fence is 
the beading of a paragraph in the Norristown 
Herald, which tells us that 4,000 Russians 
came to this country last year. This is not a 
very large number, it thinks; but if their 
names were tied together the unpronounceable 
appellations would reach around the earth 
and he more dangerous to run against than a 
barbed-wire fence..... 
German carp do not suit the ideas of the 
Kentuckians as a food fish, and the Louisville 
Courier Journal mentions people there who 
would like to get rid of the fish with which 
they have stocked their ponds. 
Pock illustrates a New Jersey mosquito as 
in the act of carrying off a cat. 
A common password—“The butter, please,” 
saith tbe Boston Post... 
The Canadian Horticulturist proposes the 
appropriate name of “Snowflake” Tree for tbe 
White Fringe, Chionanthus Virginica. Those 
who have never seen this little tree growing 
away from other plants so as to have a chance 
to show itself, know nothing of its beauty 
either as to flower or form. It is no doubt 
hardy enough for a Canada climate.. 
According to the report of the Massachus¬ 
etts Horticultural Society, the “ Waverly 
Oaks” a group of 12 or 14 White Oaks near 
Waverly Station, Mass., are tbe only aborig¬ 
inal trees of this species now standing. The 
largest, at three feet from the ground, was 19 
feet in circumference, with a top spread of 
over 100 feet. It is hoped that these trees may 
be perpetually spared the woodman’s ax. 
We are told, says tbe American Cultivator, 
that the “rain falleth alike on the just and the 
unjust,” But it remaius none tbe less true 
that tbe good farmer gets greater benefit from 
all the operations of natural laws than does the 
poor one. If rain falls, his finely-tilled fields 
absorb it; while on bard, lumpy ground it 
barely moistens the clods. 
Mr. John J. Thomas gives the reminder in 
the Cultivator, that raspberries and blackber¬ 
ries are to be pinched back when two or three 
feet high; they grow very rapidly, and are 
often overlooked till too late. 
RURAL SPECIAL REPORTS. 
Canada. 
Royton Falls, Sbefford Co., P.Q., July 17. 
Spring wheat, peas, oats, barley look well. 
Corn below an average. Potatoes very good 
and potato bugs plentiful. Hay not so good 
as last year, but better than expected a month 
ago. A pples promise about an average crop. 
All in all, the crops will be fair if the weather 
turns out good. J. l. f. 
Thorold, Ont., July S.—Wheat in our Ni¬ 
agara township is little more than an average 
crop and doing well so far. Corn doing well, 
but not much in. Oats, not as much in as us¬ 
ual. Rye looking well, but Dot much raised 
in this township. Barley looks well. Pota¬ 
toes a good light crop. Grass good. We ex¬ 
pect one-tbird of a crop of peaches. Cherries 
are a failure. We expect the largest cropx>f 
grapes for years. w. m. h. 
Dakota 
Mitchell, Davison Co., July 11.—We had 
our first peas on June 9th. We had potatoes 
of good size (Early Ohio) on June 19. Mar¬ 
blehead Sweet Corn tasseled three weeks ago. 
I have flint field corn all tasseled a week or 
more and dent corn is close behind. Crops of 
all kind are looking very flue. Harvesting 
will begin next week. Wheat looks particu¬ 
larly well. We have had a most favorable 
season for crops, except a little dry weather 
early in Spring. Our raiusgenerally come at 
night. w. E. c. 
Michigan. 
Acme, Grand Traverse Co., July 11.—Area 
of winter wheat only about three-quarters of 
an average; condition good, except in exposed 
localities where it was slighty winter killed. 
Wheat area largely in exceed of former 
years; condition excellent. Oats, a large 
amount sown; condition, an average. Corn 
area a full average; condition very back¬ 
ward; considerable had to be replanted Very 
little barley raised ; in good condition. Pota¬ 
toes, a large amount planted. Grass light 
owing to dry weather. With the exception of 
peaches, fruit prospects are good. Apples, a 
good average, and small fruits in greatabuud- 
auce, especially strawberries. H. c. B. 
New Mexico. 
Cabra Springs, San Miguel Co., July 12.— 
This country, especially this part, is altogether 
devoted to stock raising, and even small 
gardens are scarce. Small grains—oats, rye, 
barley, wheat,etc.—can be successfully culti¬ 
vated, but require irrigation. The quality of 
grain is far ahead as a general thing, of any 
raised iu the States; but we have little of the 
machinery necessary for cleaning, etc. ’Tis 
not yet a farming country, T. a. f. 
North Carolina. 
Salisbury, Rowan Co., July 10.—Wheat 
has been very good, excepting this year, when 
it has been badly winter killtd. Corn has 
not been so good for several years, on account 
of droughts. Oats pretty good. Potatoes 
have been doing well; but this year they have 
not done so well. Roots were a failure last 
year; before that they were tolerably good. 
Grasses and clover generally good. A Bprig 
of Johnson Grass came up in tbe bottom on 
the river bank, in 1883, and now it has spread 
wonderfully. It is six feet high now; itcou'd 
be cut four times a year here iu a good season. 
Melons are largely raised on the river; they 
are of a fine quality. Onions aud cabbages 
are generally pretty good. Cotton tolerably 
good. Tobacco is largely raised, more so than 
cotton. Apples and peaches almost failures 
this year. Grapes very good. A. M. c. 
Virginia. 
Falls Church, Fairfax Co. — Beveral 
sweet potato vines in my patch and also in my 
neighbor’s are in bloom. My neighbor is a 
native of this place, and says he has never 
before seen sweet potato vines in bloom. 
Cause? We are experiencing an extraordi¬ 
narily severe drought. During the whole sea¬ 
son we have had but one rain that moist¬ 
ened the earth to the depth of two inches, 
and several showers that scarcely settled the 
dust on the surface. Early white potato 
vines, with but few exceptions, are scorched 
brown, and the tubers are scarce^ half 
grown. UBER. 
Colling wood, Fairfax Co., July 10.—The 
area in wheat in this section of Virginia was 
equal to that of last year; but the yield will 
not be over one-third. In the grass crop the 
failure is about the same. The corn area is 
equal to that of last year, and tbe promise 
now is good. Oats equal to last year. Early 
potatoes—crop equal to that of last year. 
Little sorghum and tobacco. No barley or 
cotton. Peaches and apples give good promise; 
so do grapes. Pears not so good. s. H. s. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS 
I Every query must be accompanied by the name 
and address of the writer to Insure attention. Before 
asking a question, please see If It Is not answered in 
our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions 
at one time.] _ 
TRAINING GRAPE-VINE8. 
W. J, B., Satina, Kansas. —1. My grapes, 
—Concords,—are planted eight feet apart, in 
the rows; they are trellised with four wires, 
the bottom one 18 inches aud the top six feet 
from the ground. This year, the third, I have 
placed a cane each way four feet Jong on tbe 
bottom wire, and have let an upright grow 
from every third eye, from which I have re¬ 
moved all the laterals; the vines have now 
reached the top wire of the trelliB. What 
shall I do with them and bow shall I train 
them next year i 2. Is the Buhach Co. of 
N. Y. all right ? 
A NS. — 1. You did wrong in entirely remov¬ 
ing the laterals; you should have pinched 
them off, leaving one leaf, and when the bud 
iu tbe axils of this leaf started, you should 
have pinched that again, leaving a siugle 
leaf. You could then have safely pinched off 
the tip of the main canes when they had reach¬ 
ed the top of tbe trellis. Now you may pinch 
just the ends, allowing the laterals near the 
ends to grow. Too short pinching of the main 
canes would force the buds In the axils of the 
leaves beside the lateral you broke out, to 
grow, aud as these are the fruit buds for next 
year, that would sacrifice the uext crop. In 
the Fall or Winter; when you prune, cut back 
tbe canes of this year’s growth to three hudB 
each, and from these next Spring allow only 
two canes to grow, selecting the best two, 
rubbing off the others. These will produce the 
fruit and should be trained the same as you 
have trained those of this season, except as 
above modified. The next year select the 
lower cane, leaving three budB on it and cut¬ 
ting off the others just above this. This is 
what is called the spur system, and should be 
continued from year to year, always retaining 
the lower cane and cutting away all else. 2. 
Yes, perfectly, and so is their powder. 
TUBERCULOSIS OR ACTIVO-MYCOSIS. 
J, F. R., Emington, III .—My three-year-old 
bull has an enlargement on bis neck just be¬ 
hind the jaw. I noticed it last Winter; now 
it is quite large and has three openiugs: one 
under the chin, and two up towards his ear; 
how should it be treated; will it hurt him for 
breeding purposes? 
ANSWERED BY DR. F. L. KILBORNE. 
From the long standing of the swelling, I 
would suspect that it is either tuberculosis of 
the lymphatic glands or activo mycosis, a 
malignant growth or parasitic tumor due to 
tbe presence of a radiating or star-like vege¬ 
table parasite, the activo-myces or ray fungus. 
Possibly it may be only an unhealthy or 
scrofulous abscess, in which case daily injec¬ 
tions of a saturated solution of zinc sulphate 
may he beneficial. The injection must be 
thorough, so as to reach all parts of the 
abscess, and continued until the discharge 
ceases If improvement does not take place 
in 10 days, the treatment is probably useless. 
If it is tuberculosis, there will probably be 
some enlargement of other adjacent lym¬ 
phatic glands, especially those at the entrance 
of the chest. Tuberculosis and activo-myeosis 
are both usually incurable, and should be 
handled with care, since the 3 r may be trans¬ 
mitted to man, especially if the discharge 
comes iu contact with a sore or raw surface. 
They do not injure the bull for breeding pur¬ 
poses, except that animals brought in contact 
with him are liable to become affected, and 
in case of tuberculosis, he may transmit either 
a predisposition to tuberculosis or the disease 
itself to his offspring. 
ORCHARD QUERIES. 
J.H. S., Brantford, Ontario, Can. —1.1 have 
an orchard 30 years old which bore a heavy 
crop last year, but has little fruit this; many of 
the trees are splitting and decaying; what can 
be done with them? 2. How long is the life of 
an apple tree, with proper care after it com¬ 
mences to bear? 3, Last July I pruned a 
young orchard very closely, afterward it 
made a great growth; but this Spring I 
found the trees—limbs and bodies—dead, but 
the roots were green. Were tbe trees killed 
by the pruning or the severe Winter? 
Ans.— 1. We think you will find only some 
kinds thus affected, and those the most ten¬ 
der. Last Winter was exceptionally severe 
and destructive to trees not iron-clad. The 
only thing that can be done for the affected 
trees is to thoroughly coat the injured parts 
(after having carefully removed the loose 
bark and decayed wood) with a composition 
of beeswax, two pounds; resin, five pounds, 
aad linseed oil one pint, melting all together 
und applying with a brush aud replacing as 
often as removed by any cause. Iu this way 
tbeir lives may be much prolonged and much 
fruit may be produced. 2. Forty to 60 years 
with hardy kinds, though in a large orchard 
some must be expected to be lost each year. 
3. Those trees died from the effects of too 
rampant growth followed by a severe Winter. 
It is not best to give too close pruning at any 
time, as the resulting growth does not ripen 
up well. Prune moderately, aud the first of 
June when it can be done. 
TUMOR ON POINT OF ELBOW. 
J. P. B„ Pomeroy, Ohio— By lying with 
her fore foot under the leg, a mare has caused 
a callous lump to form on the back part of the 
fore leg near the body, and lately it became 
sore, broke and discharged considerable pus. 
It has dow healed, but there is left a lump 
somewhat feverish aud larger than the first 
one; how should it be treated? 
Ans.—I f inflammation is still present, hang 
a cold wet rag over the part until the inflam¬ 
mation is subdued; then apply tincture of 
iodiue to remove the lump. Finally if a hard 
movable mass remains, it may be cut out 
through a vertical incision made in the skin, 
the skin being brought together with stitches, 
and treated like a simple wound. To prevent 
the irritation to the elbow, the stall must be 
wide enough to allow the animal to lie on her 
side, and in case she persists iu lying on her 
breast, a soft pad two or three inches thick 
and covered with chamois leather, muat be 
strapped around’the pastern at night, and so 
applied that nothing hard can come in con¬ 
tact with the elbow. 
DRIVEN WELL. 
J. (F., dumbly Basin, Ontario, Can.— 1. 
One of my neighbors has had a pipe driven 
into the ground 51 feet, to which is attached 
a pump. It brings up very soft water, but 
a little muddy, a sediment settliug in the 
bottom of a pail when it stands; is such a 
well durable? 2. If one is put down iu a cel¬ 
lar to a depth of 40 or 50 feet in a clayey soil, 
would the water be impure? 8. If one was 
put down between two houseB, with a branch 
to each house, would it work well? 4. Is the 
price unreasonable—they charge $15 for the 
first 15 feet and 50 cents per foot beyond that 
depth, aud charge nothing, beyond board, 
unless a supply of water is obtained? 
Ans. —1. This is what is called a driven or 
tube well on which the patent expired last 
January, aud where water is reached it is a 
very efficient and desirable well and as dur¬ 
able as tbe pipe used. 2, Not in the least. 3. 
You could use one in that situation, provid¬ 
ing the water rose to within, say, 20 feet of the 
surface, otherwise the pump would not 
bring the water. A more satisfactory way, 
and taking cost of pipe and digging for con¬ 
nection, one not much dearer, would be to 
drive two. 4. The price is not unreasonable 
if they furnish good piping, as they assume 
the chances of failure. 
PARALYSIS IN A SOW. 
IF. H. R., Good Thunder, Minn. —What 
ails my sow and how should she be treated ? 
She was running in a clover pasture and fed 
the slops from the house. When I first noticed 
that she was sick, she was lying down and 
couldn’t move herself in any way. She had a 
high fever which left her next day. She ate 
but little for two days, but now eats heartily, 
though she cannot get up yet. She has been 
sick a little over two weeks. 
Ans.— This is evidently a case of paralysis 
due to a cold chill from rxposure. The treat¬ 
ment demanded is powerful nerve tonics push¬ 
ed as far as the system will bear, with counter¬ 
irritation over the nerve centers. Give five 
grain doses of powerful nux vomica twice 
daily, and gradually increase the dose to fif¬ 
teen or twenty grains and continue for a week 
or ten days, or uutil slight twitchings or cramp 
of the muscles are seen, then stop giving the 
medicine for a few days, after which continue 
again with the five grain doses. Always dis¬ 
continue the dose whenever the muscular 
twitchings occur. Apply a blister of oantha- 
rides and turpentine to the back (powdered 
cantharides one part, turpentine four parts). 
STIFLE JOINT DISEASE. 
J. J., Washington, Fa.—I have a mule that 
is hurt in the stifle joint. He was never very 
lame, and l worked him about 10 days after 
be was hurt, aud after pulling hard beseemed 
to suffer great pain. I have been letting him 
rest about two weeks and he does not seem to 
be relieved. There seems to be an enlarge¬ 
ment at the joint, but the joint is not always 
out of place, but seems to slip out and in. How 
should he be treated? 
Ans.— Reduce active inflammation, if pres¬ 
ent, by fomentations or tbe application of a 
cold, wet rag, aud then apply an active can¬ 
tharides blister—see F. C. July 18 for “Lame¬ 
ness in a Mare.” After the effects of the 
blister have passed off, wash daily with a 
strong solution of zinc or copper sulphate. 
After using the wash a week or two, repeat 
tbe blister if necessary. If there is a partial 
luxation of the knee cap so that it slips iu and 
out of its place as the animal steps, put on a 
thin-heeled shoe with a projecting piece of 
iron at tbe toe, extending forward one or two 
inches. The stifle is one of the worst possible 
places for joint diseases, and a rest of two or 
three months, or perhaps longer, will be neces¬ 
sary. 
INTESTINAL WORMS IN A HORSE. 
F. W. E., Taunton, Mass.— My nine-year- 
old horse has a slight cough, which appears 
to be produced by something iu his throat that 
tickles him. Though he has little work be¬ 
yond enough to afford exercise, ami has plenty 
of good feed, he is in poor condition. He 
drinks heavily, aud often tries to get iu a 
position to rub his tail. How should he be 
treated f 
Anb.— lie is troubled with intestinal worms. 
First give him live drams of Harbadoes aloes 
to clear out the bowels; then give two drams 
each of tartar emetic and copperas on six suc¬ 
cessive mornings, and on the seventh morning 
auother dose of aloes. A course of tonics will 
now be desirable. Give twice daily two drains 
copperas aud one half ounce each of gentian 
and uinger. After several days withhold the 
tonic for two or three days, and then continue 
again. If the bowels should become costive , 
add one or two drams of aloes to the tonic 
dose. Free uecess to salt will be beneficial. 
TREATMENT OF RASPBERRY VINKS. 
M. E. L., Catatonia, N. Y.—l. How high 
should raspberry caues, from plauts rooted 
from laterals last Fall, be allowed to grow ? 
2. To what length should tlie laterals of rasp¬ 
berries be allowed to grow ? 3. When should 
the young plants bo allowed to bear f 
Anb.— It is better to pinch the tip off when 
tbe cane has reached two feet. This will cause 
the laterals to grow, and from these plants are 
produced. 2. The new canes of old plauts 
should be pinched when 2% feet high, and the 
laterals be allowed to grow any length they 
please, as if cutback much, the secondary buds 
are started aud these produce fruit. The 
