THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Among raspberries, Hansell was the first to 
color; but was not productive, and the canes 
were too weak; but it stood the Winter here. 
Crimson Beauty was just with Hansell, and 
a very much stronger grower; it did not win¬ 
ter kill, but was rather soft; it bore fairly 
well, Gauargua was many hours behind in 
point of earliness. It is hardy and more pro¬ 
ductive than either; but it is not of so good 
a color, being purple; yet it is a good table 
berry—a little more acid than the others. The 
Tyler was nearly up to any for earliness, and 
it yielded well, Cuthbert was very badly 
winter-killed, and I was sorry, for it is a good 
berry and yields well. Felton’s Early Prolific 
was only two or three days behind; but the 
yield was much more. Felton’s Reliance was 
later and very productive; both wintered 
well. Superb was killed down, and yielded 
only a few berries. Shaffer's Colossal was 
very large and productive; berries purple if 
fully ripe. It wintered well. It is a splen¬ 
did berry to put up and for the table; the 
acid of the fruit with sugar makes a good 
combination, but, then, tastes differ, and 
some might not like them so well as the 
sweeter ones. j. h. w. 
Sterling, Ill. 
mation could be obtained at that time, “it 
sprang up from seed in the garden of Mr. 
Wheeler, a schoolmaster at Aldermaston, in 
Berkshire, previously to 1770, as it was then a 
very young plant.” 
It was disseminated by Mr. Richard Will¬ 
iams, a nurseryman of Turnham Green, from 
whom came its name of Williams's Bonchrdt- 
ien. It was introduced into Boston in 1709 or 
1800, into the grounds belonging subsequently 
to E. Bartlett, then Roxbury, and was known 
as the Bartlett Pear, supposed to be a new 
variety until the late R. Manning, of Salem, 
detected that the Bartlett was a synonym; 
but it was so extensively cultivated as the 
Bartlett that it was impossible to restore its 
original name. c. M. hovey. 
nanimously paid no attention, and now they 
have the result. 
There is another thing the cattlemen should 
consider. Every cattleman in the West, who 
grazes his cattle on the public domain, is a 
trespasser, and liable to be driven out at any 
time. Great companies (even foreigners) 
have been organized, and have seized the pub¬ 
lic domain and fenced it in, using the grass 
for profit. It is not their land; it is not their 
grass; and the Government will not be long 
in teaching them so. What the cattlemen 
want is a better understanding with the 
Government, and the sooner they have it, the 
better it will be for them, ‘Ranges are free 
as air’ wo are told—well wait a little and see 
how free they will be. If you or I own land, 
and men want to use it who do not own it, we 
want them to come and see us, at least, about 
it before they take possession. Every syndi¬ 
cate and cattle company using the Govern¬ 
ment lands on which t« graze their cattle, 
will, I believe, in less than five years be 
driven off. A proper consideration of these 
subjects has been too long put off. Let every 
cattleman come to the convention to be held 
at 8t. Louis next November, and let us seri¬ 
ously consider what is best to be done to put 
the cattle business on a surer basis, and how 
we can give those engaged in beef raising 
some protection in their occupation.” 
KYLOK OR WEST HIGHLAND CATTLE. 
We notice that a herd of these, now in¬ 
creased to 75 head, has been established at 
Straithclair, Manitoba, and that they are do¬ 
ing uncommonly well there. Thi3 breed, as 
well as the Galloway, is admirably suited for 
a severe northern climate, as the hair of both 
grows extra long, like that of the buff alo, with 
a thick undercoat of fur, coming out in early 
Autumn, and remaining unshed till late the 
following Spring. This enables them to en¬ 
dure the Winter quite as well as the buffalo, 
and they will go through it and come out in 
the Spring in good condition, while cattle of 
every other breed, with the same fare and 
exposure, suffer badly in condition, and fre¬ 
quently lose a large percentage of their num¬ 
bers by death from the severity of frost, and 
bitter, piercing winds. 
A BEAUTIFUL JERSEY HEIFER. 
We show at Fig. SOS a beautiful specimen 
of the breed that has won golden opinions, 
both in this country and in England. The 
fame of the Jersey cow has been built upon 
her butter-making qualities. With this one 
object iu view, breeders have paid little 
attention to size or beef qualities; and as a 
result, the Jersey is to-day without a rival as 
a butter-making animal. The heifer shown 
in our picture, Cream of Jersey 5275, is a 
typical Jersey. She is the property of Mr. 
H. S. Watts, Somersetshire, England, and 
won for him the first prize in the class for 
cows or heifers, in milk or in calf, calved in 
1881, at the Shrewsbury Show of the Royal 
Agricultural Society in 1884. She was bred 
AGRICULTURAL NONSENSE 
Secretary Ccling, of the Vermont State 
Board of Agriculture, is responsible for the 
publication, in his annual report, of the fol¬ 
lowing formula for the manufacture of a fer¬ 
tilizer: 
“Take ZCk) pnumls of oone-dust. tie finer the better. 
Sift It no a* to save RIO pounds or the finest. Put the 
coarse part Into a tub or box and wet with water so 
it is moist—it will take three or four pailfuls. Then 
slowly add two gallons of sulphuric acid (oil of vit¬ 
riol) which weighs at least 11 pounds to the gallon. 
Stir continuously: it will foam and boil. Lecitstand 
12 hours; then add another gallon of acid ns before, 
and while it Is hot. so the lumps will break easily, 
add the other 100 pounds of bone-dust. Then Imme¬ 
diately add 1,600 pounds of dry 
loam, woods* dirt, or muck which 
has been previously dried and 
sifted, and mix well. This makes 
a ton, and has cost you about $8, 
and, as far as my experiments go. 
Is equal to any ton of nitrogenous 
fertilizer used. I use about 200 
pounds to tne acre,” 
This, when considered in 
detail, becomes very thin. 
For instance, it advises the 
use of 200 pounds of bone dust 
which would contain not over 
lUO pounds of phosphate of 
lime and about 54 pounds of 
phosphoric acid, and possibly 
the bone might have five 
pounds of nitrogen in addi¬ 
tion to the phosphoric acid 
k As the sulphuric acid adds 
U nothing to its fertilizing 
value, the ton of mixture 
U, produced would contain, be- 
luft 1 i, sides tbe rich earth, 54 pounds 
■C \\V of phosphoric acid and five 
pounds of nitrogen, which 
will have cost $8, besides the 
,'vi V ,abor ot preparing. This 
' ' i would make the nitrogen cost 
:// 30 cents per pound and the 
1'? | phosphoric acid over 13 cents. 
'''' ;, i‘(‘v'M applied as directed, it 
would add to each acre 5.4 
M i 1 . ' * pounds of phosphoric acid 
and one-half pound of nitro 
gen, giving each square foot 
one five-hundredth part of an 
ounce of phosphoric acid and 
one six thousandth part of an ounee of nitro- 
geu. This is certainly manuring homeopathic- 
ally, but at an allopathic cost. Men who preach 
such nonsense do an immense amount of harm 
by misleading people who are not posted, and 
indueiug them to attempt to manufacture 
and use such a fertilizer, it is possible that 
on some soils it might show good results, but 
this would be, not by reason of the infinitesimal 
proportion of phosphoric acid and nitrogen 
contained, but by reason of the richness of the 
earth added. It would be much better for 
any farmer to purchase a good brand of plain 
superphosphate and mix that with his rich 
earth, because in almost any one of establish¬ 
ed reputation he could buy the phosphoric 
acid at about a cost of not more chan 10 cents 
per pound, and the nitrogen at about the same 
figure as In this case, and would then avoid 
the risk and danger of handling such a power¬ 
ful ngeut as sulphuric acid. Surely the agri¬ 
cultural press and State Boards of Agricul¬ 
ture should not lend themselves to the spread¬ 
ing of such twaddle. It must result in an 
absolute injury to improved agriculture. 
“RUSTIC.” 
CATTLE ON THE PLAINS. 
NUMBER SOI AND ITS RELATIVES 
In reading a back number of the Rural, 
I see that “Stockman” makes the exaggerated 
statement that the annual value of the grass 
on the public lands on the “Western Plains” 
is $100,000,000. Now as the grazing lands be¬ 
longing to the U. S. Government on the 
Dr. Hoskins is pleased with the behavior 
of the tree of the variety sent him as 361, aud 
in a private letter asks its name. As I believe 
some statements in regard to this apple and 
some of its near relatives are of public interest 
to the fruit growers of the 
“cold North,” I send them to 
the Rural. 
Dr. Regel procured the 
cions for our use, iu 1879, 
from the Province of Tula, l&S 
about 150 miles nearly south JP , 
of Moscow, under the name 
of “Ostrekoff’s Pippiu." From 
the start we have been pleas 
ed with the habit of growth, 
foliage, aud absolute hardi¬ 
ness of the tree, which has 
proved as hardy as a Box 
Elder. It gave us the first 
specimen of fruit two years 
ago. Without special care, it 
was tumbled about at our 
State horticultural meeting 
the last of January, it was 
returned crowded among 
hooks in a valise, yet kept 
firm until March. The fruit 
is from medium, in some spe¬ 
cimens, to large in others. On , u h\/J 
older trees I believe it will 1 j ~/l 
run quite uniformly large. It 
is decidedly conical, inclined \ | 
to ridging, with a yellowish- 
green surface, and a show of W 
broken stripes in the sun. ^ 
Basin very shallow and nar- 
row, peculiarly plaited, with 
a small, closed eye. Cavity ^ 
deep, narrow, irregular, rus- 
seted; stem strong, clubbed; 
tiesh yellowish, fine-grained, 
teuder, juicy, sub acid, good. 
Season probably and winter here; but very 
late farther north where the tree seems equally 
hardy, 
Ostrkkofp’s Glass (4 m) has fruited this 
year for tbo first time, 
N mmmmm 
CREAM OF JERSEY 5375, 
(Re-engraved from London Live Stock Journal.) Fig. 398, 
on the Island of Jersey, and was sired by the 
noted bull Nero. 218, J. H. B. She has the 
peculiar points of the Jersey: the trim, shape¬ 
ly head and neck, the large, beautiful eye, 
thlu ear and “crumpled horn." Her udder is 
large and well-formed, aud she has the true 
“wedge” shape, so much desired in heavy 
milkers. 
“Great Plains” do not exceed 250,000,000 
acres, the rent would be .40 cents au acre, and 
at the usual estimate of 20 acres for each ani¬ 
mal, the pasturage would be eight dollars 
auuually. If, as Stockman asserts, certain 
Western cattlemen offered $25,000,000 auuual¬ 
ly for the use of certain ranges, it is quite 
certain that they never intended to pay it, for 
the simple reason that they could not afford 
to do so. An effort is now being made to 
boom the cattle business of the Plaius, and it 
is fashionable to sp *ak of the enormous pro¬ 
portions of the Western cattle interests; but 
it is safe to say that the cattle iu the State of 
New York equal in number, and far exceed 
in value, all the cattle in the Western Terri¬ 
tories. The capacity of the arid plains for 
pasturing purposes has been vastly overesti 
mated, and any intelligent person must know 
that a x’egiou where the winter temperature 
is sometimes as low as 59 degrees below zero, 
and where the grouud is often deeply eo\ ered 
with snow, and where the grass is so sparse 
that an animal requires 20 acres to subsist, is 
not a pasture paradise. Last Winter reports 
came in that cattle were suffering for food 
and water, but afterwards, at the ‘round up,’ 
the losses were reported at five per cent, and 
less, and theu Eastern people were iuvlted to 
participate iu the enormous profits of the 
business by purchasing shares in certain joint- 
stock companies. Putting money into the 
cattle of the western plaius is as risky as 
dropping money* into mines of the western 
mouutaius. h. g. 
W aluut, Kansas, 
Fruit at this time 
smaller, but much the same in shape, mark¬ 
ings, weight, and color; stem longer and lip¬ 
ped. It seems quite as late in the seasou us 
the above. The tree is fine iu nursery and 
orchard, and hardier than the Duchess. 
GravenSTKI.vBR (136 m). Uudertbis Ger¬ 
man name Dr. Shrader, of the Agricultural 
Institute uear Moscow, sent us another mem¬ 
ber of this valuable family. In growth aud | 
foliage of tree it is very much like the two pre¬ 
ceding. At this time the fruit is much like that 
of 361, and its seasons seems the same. 
We have still two other relatives which have 
fruited this year for the first time. As I have 
personally studied the fruits of Tula, I will 
express the opinion that they tiro all crosses 
between two of the most.ancient families of 
that region—viz., the Skruishapfel and the 
Orel Sklauka, j. l. budd. 
GEN. BRISBIN ON THE “CATfLE 
BARONS.” 
We are permitted to make the following 
extract from a private letter written to a 
friend of the Rural, under date of August 
19, from Fort Niobara, Nebraska, by Gen. 
James S. Brisbin, whose service for many 
years on the frontier, coupled with his exten¬ 
sive connection with the cattle raising business 
of the West, makes him an “authority” with 
regard to the matter on which he speaks. 
Speaking of the cattlemen and the Govern¬ 
ment, he says:— 
“Our cattlemen are doing bnsiness very 
blindly. They had no right on the Indian land 
without the approval of the Government. Their 
leases were not worth the paper they were 
written upon. They pretend great surprise, 
but I notified them myself last April, through 
the association, that every cattleman holding 
a lease would have to go, and advised them to 
get ready to get off the Indian lands. They 
THE BARTLETT PEAR. 
I notice that my old friend Mr. Meehan, in 
his excellent paper on the Effect of Pollen on 
Fruits, in a late Rural, falls into a slight error, 
which ought to be corrected, regarding the 
origiu of the Bartlett Fear; for neither he nor 
myself wish to take away the honor of origin¬ 
ating such a valuable fruit. It was origin¬ 
ally described in the Transactions of the Royal 
Horticultural Society in 1816 (Vol, II.) with 
a colored plate, aud so far as any* infor- 
FINDINGS BY A YOUNG FARMER. 
I find, in most of our agricultural papers, 
of which I take three and have access to more, 
that the advice given is of use, more particu¬ 
larly, to farmers who have been such for some 
time; that there is very little that hits the 
mark in reference to the young farmers. I 
am paying about $500 a year for a farm of 120 
