SFS THE RURAL WEW-YORKER. 
ford, and is a very superior winter sweet 
apple; medium to large; resembles Sweet 
Bough in appearance and texture, and feels 
like it outside; has a little more of the blush; 
it. is not yet disseminated.” Mr, Manning 
showed a photograph of the fruit: A Minne¬ 
sota member asked about Missouri Janet, “I 
find it an excellent keeper.” President Barry 
thought it was identical with Rawle’s Janet, 
Mi-. Lyon agreeing with hi u. “Not rich in 
flavor,” he said. Mr, Richards, Michigan, 
asked about theOhio Greening, 4 'It does better 
with us than the Rhode Island Greening.” 
At this point U. S Commissioner of Agri¬ 
culture Colmun entered the room, having 
come to attend the society meetings. He 
was invited to a front seat, and was warmly 
received; but declined to make any remarks 
at that time. 
Continuing the apple discussion, Mr. Augur 
said; '“We have a new apple which came up 
in the street, which seems promising and val¬ 
uable, ranking in quality from very good to 
best. Season from February till last of May: 
but it is yet too early to speak definitely of it 
We call it the Bradley; not yet disseminated; 
tree young.” Commissioner Colman: 
“Speaking of Missouri Janet and Rawle’s 
Janet reminds me of another apple out there, 
which I have been instrumental in bringing 
to notice. We call it Wrights Janet. It re¬ 
sembles Rawle's Janet in some respects, but 
differs from it in quality, and particularly in 
the growth of the tree, which is much larger 
and does not fruit in clusters, like Rawle’s.” 
Briug asked about Missouri Pippin, the 
Commissioner said: “I have it in bearing; it 
originated in Lafayette County, I believe; an 
early bearer, very productive; in its locality 
it is quite generally grown, but not generally 
distributed outside, 1 think, as yet. Those 
Laving it in bearing think very highly of it.” 
He also spoke well of Smith’s Cider, regard¬ 
ing it as more profitable even than Ben Davis. 
Mr. Augur; “It appeared well at New Or¬ 
leans.” 
Prof. Budd: “There is one variety of Rus¬ 
sian apples which has been fruited almost 
across the continent, which has exhibited 
many desirable peculiarities for places where 
something hardier than Fameuse is needed. 
The name, as nearly as I can give it to you in 
English, is 'Longfield.' The Russian name is 
•Longerfeldskoe.’ During the last three years 
it has been loaded with fruit with me, making 
an annual growth of 12 to 14 inches, while 
thus bearing. It is longer than the Jonathan, 
about the weight of an ordinary Missouri 
Janet; yellow, with a blush nearly equal to 
that on Maiden’s Blush ; keeps through the 
Winter at the North. It has been extensively 
tried, and I think it should now r have more 
general notice. The quality is quite as good 
as that of Fameuse, which it resembles in 
texture. I do not, however, consider it among 
the hardiest of Russian apples, but it is har¬ 
dier than the Fameuse.” President Barry: 
“I think very few people will plant these 
hardy Russian apples except where the win¬ 
ters are so se vere that other kinds could not 
be grown. The Fameuse is good enough for 
anybody. I was up in the Adirondack region 
not long ago where they can grow nothing 
else; the trees were loaded.” 
Mr. Gibb: “1 am fruiting 27 varieties of 
the Crab class, and would like to speak of two 
of them. I consider Whitney's No. 20 the best 
of the lot in all respects.” Mr. Gideon: “The 
quality is very good, though not equal to that 
of some others of the same size and season. 
The tree kills with us. I consider it several 
removes from the Siberian crab species. It 
should be classed among small apples; it has 
very little crab blood in it.” Mr. Gibb: 
“Early Strawberry Crab is the other variety 
I desired to mention. Nothing I grow in its 
season is so good; can give my friends noth¬ 
ing better." He spoke of another new seed¬ 
ling crab, which bad been named “Gibb," be¬ 
cause he found it growing in Wisconsin. He 
thought it was promising. Mr. Woodward: 
“1 think every family should have at least 
one tree of the genuine crab; there is nothing 
to compare with it in the apple line for mak¬ 
ing jellies.” Mr. Woodmancy, Michigan,sug¬ 
gested that mixiDgtbe juice of the wild grape 
with the jelly made it very beautiful and de¬ 
licious. The societ}’ now adjourned for the 
first evening session, the hour being late and 
repeated motious to adjourn having been en¬ 
thusiastically voted down previously. 
tyoxticultuval. 
BLACKBERRIES. 
The editorial remarks on “Comparing 
Blackberries." in the late Rural, are excel¬ 
lent; and with a little allowance for differ¬ 
ence in latitude, accord with my experience. 
The Early Harvest is sufficiently hardy here 
to yield an abundant crop of the very earliest 
blackberries grown in this section. The 
Snyder and Taylor’s Prolific are perfection in 
time of ripening and size. Kittatiuny, a 
larger and more delicious berry, is deserving 
of the highest praise, when not affected with 
rust. The Wilson Jr. is larger, earlier and 
more prolific than its parent, the old Wilson 
Early, as shown by the following statement of 
yields for last year and this: 
In 1884, we commenced picking both varie¬ 
ties July 4th, and by the 14th (in 10 days), one 
acre of Wilson Jr. had yielded 1,298 quarts, 
and five acres of old Wilson Early had aver¬ 
aged, per acre, 858 quarts, and the whole 
crop was: one acre, Wilson Jr., llOj^ bushels; 
five acres old Wilson Early, an average of 53 
bushels. The crop of blackberries in this 
(Burlington Co., N, J.) was reported at 47 
bushels per acre. In 1885, the season of ripen¬ 
ing was about 10 days later, and we com¬ 
menced picking both on July 11, and in 10 days 
(up to 24tb), one acre of Wilson J'r. yielded 
115 89 bushels; five acres of old Wilson Early 
averaged 38.50 bushels per acre; and the 
whole crop was, for one acre of Wilson Jr. 
103 bushels; while five acres of old Wilson 
Early averaged 58 bushels per acre. All were 
plauted at the same time side by side on sim¬ 
ilar land, and all received the same treatment. 
The berries we selected for seed this year 
were of the same size as those reported upon 
last year, viz., inches around lengthwise, 
and 8% around crosswise. 
There is much wisdom in the question put 
by the Rural, viz., “If a new variety does 
not prove to be better in some important 
respects than older kinds, why introduce it?” 
We have been raising seedling blackberries 
for many years. Our plan has been to plant 
near each other the best varieties possessing 
somewhat different qualities, and to aid cross¬ 
fertilization artificially, we have cut out the 
stamens of one variety, and with a eamel’s- 
hair brush, taken pollen from a strong, vigor¬ 
ous blossom of another variety, and dusted it 
on the pistil and stigma of the blossoms thus 
denuded of stamens, and then covered the 
blossoms thus operated on with soft paper to 
prevent adulteration by the wind or insects 
carrying pollen from other flowers. The 
young plants raised from the seed of the 
berries thus treated, have always been plauted 
out separately in rows, the plants not nearer 
to each other than four to six feet each way, 
there to remain under proper culture and 
pruning for four or five years, or until the 
true character was developed. Then after 
careful inspection, one or two (never more 
than two of a lot of seedlings grown from the 
same parents) of the best and most perfectly 
developed, would be saved for propagation, 
and all others destroyed; and of the hundreds 
of varieties of blackberries that we have care¬ 
fully grown from seed, we have never Bold or 
disposed of more than one variety, the Wilson 
Jr., although we have several others yet in 
reserve, for which we have strong hopes, 
based upon the established high standard of 
character of both parents. 
If there is a better plan of producing new 
seedling blackberries, and of protecting the 
public from worthless or useless varieties 
than the one above described and adopted 
here, the numerous readers of the Rural 
New-Yorker would be pleased to see an 
account thereof in the columns of that valu¬ 
able national journal, the good influence of 
which is spreading everywhere, judging from 
the numerous letters we receive inquiring for 
more information iu detail on the very inter¬ 
esting subject ol’ producing new fruits from 
seed. WILLIAM PARRY. 
Parry, N. J. 
We are preparing articles on blackberries, 
which we trust will give our readers a fair 
idea of the best varieties for various parts of 
the country. They will be accompanied by 
drawings from home specimens. 
<l\)t 
OUR ANIMAL PORTRAITS. 
JERSEY BULL, EXILE OF ST. LAMBERT. 
Since Mary Ann of St. Lambert lias made 
her remarkable records as a butter cow, the 
St. Lambert family has been steadily coming 
to the front as a butter strain of Jersey cows. 
We take pleasure in showing at Fig. 451, the 
Stoke Pogis Victor Hugo bull, Exile of St. 
Lambert, No. 1365, A. J, C. C. This is a 
pure St. Lambert, and one of the most prom¬ 
ising of this most famous Jersey strain. 
Exile is very strongly and powerfully made, 
and weighs 1,800 pounds. He is two years 
old past, and as a sire has thus far shown great 
potency; out of 19 calves of his get, 14 have 
been heifers. There is a strong family resem¬ 
blance among his calves; so much so that his 
get can easily be selected from among many 
others. He is this year being bred to some of 
the most remarkable cows of the country, 
among which is Mollie Garfield which was 
illustrated in the Rural page 188, and lias 
a butter record of 22J£ pounds in seveu days, 
and of pounds in 31 days. Exile is the 
property of McBxide & Cogswell,of Rochester, 
N. Y., who have in their herd several heifers 
which trace direct to St. Heller 45; Coomassie, 
Welcome 106, Alphea, Favorite of the Elms 
and others. This is only a young herd, but 
the owners may justly feel pride in the ani¬ 
mals they have got together, and especially in 
Exile, which they place above price. 
J^frrsaiwn. 
A BEAUTIFUL MARE. 
We show our readers this week an illustra¬ 
tion, re-engraved from the London Live Stock 
Journal, of the famous hackney mare Princess 
289, the property of Mr. Henry Moore, of 
Hull, England. The English hack is specially 
intended for the saddle. It is expected to 
carry its rider with ease through all the paces, 
with good style and action. Frincess was 
foaled in 1879, in which year she was first at 
the Boston Show; in 1882 she was first at 
Beverley, first at the East of Euglaud Show, 
first at Bridlington, first at Mai ton and first at 
the Yorkshire at Halifax; in 1884 she was first 
at Doncaster and first at the Roy ul at Shrews¬ 
bury; in 1885 she was first at the London 
Show of the Hackney Stud-book Society, where 
she also gained the ebampioa prize as best 
mare; ami she was also first at the Royal 
Show at Preston. In the oliicial report of the 
London Show Princess is described as a 
grand, level animal, and the beau, ideal of a 
mare likely to throw a hackney. “She ha3 
tremendous substance aud good length, an in¬ 
telligent, well shaped head, faultless shoulders, 
ami her legs and feet are as good as could he 
desired.” Her sire is Denmark 177, her dam 
Empress 95, by Fireaway (Triflit’s) 249, by 
Achilles, so she is very closely related to Lord 
Derby 2d on the dam’s side, and an own sister 
to Sunbeam 819. (See Fig. 450, page 679.) 
THE SCOURGE OF THE HEN-YARD. 
Fowl cholera destroys every year at least 
$15,000,000 worth of poultry. The greater 
part of this sum is a direct olTcriug to the idol 
of Filth. While cholera is one of the most 
deadly of all chicken diseases, it is one of the 
easiest to prevent, and “in prevention lies 
the cure.” The deadly nature of the diseuse 
has attracted the attention of scientists and 
its features have been carefully studied. 
EXILE OF ST. LAMBERT. Fig. 451. 
Much is now positively known of it, aDd the 
causes that lead to its introduction, aud the 
preventives, are plain and simple. There can 
be no doubt that the germs of this disease are 
genei’ated by filth. It can be carried from 
place to place by sick fowls, birds, rabbits or 
insects. Where it finds a flock of bens weak 
ened by filthy surroundings, impure food, or 
the ravages of lice, it is far more apt to fasten 
itself. The germs of the disease are taken 
into the system through the mouth. These 
germs are contained in the excrement, the 
muscles and the animal juices of the body. 
The vitality of the germs is not destroyed for 
36 hours after death, and coops, or other 
places where sick fowls are confined, convey 
the disease at least a week. The virus is de¬ 
stroyed by a solution of carbolic acid, by 
sulphuric acid, or by a very high temperature 
maintained for 20 minutes. These facts have 
been demonstrated by experiment, and they 
point to the only reliable treatment for the 
disease—the germs must be destroyed about 
all places where the fowls could possibly eat 
or drink. 
The symptoms of the disease have been de¬ 
scribed time and again, yet there are still 
hundreds of farmers who do not know the 
plague wheu it comes. When it is in the 
neighborhood, of course, extra precaution will 
betaken. Most of the hens on farms run at 
large and cannot be watched as carefully as 
they should be. I believe it would bo money 
in the pocket of every farmer to keep the hens 
in yards. When cholera is near and the hens 
begin to get sleepy and dull, aud to mope 
about, it is time to begin active operations. 
There are many characteristic symptoms that 
cannot escape the eye of a close observer. 
The gait of the fowl becomes unsteady, the 
comb changes in color and the bird appears 
stupid. There is always a diarrhea, the ex¬ 
crement being yellowish at first, changing to 
a greenish color, Thiscoloratiou is due to the 
urates which are contained in the excrement 
from the kidneys. The birds are generally 
thirsty, though this is by no means a fixed 
symptom. Should there be any doubt as to 
the disease, an examination of a dead bird 
will soon settle the matter. The liver is al¬ 
ways greatly enlarged aud very soft. It is of 
a dark-green color and full of blood. The 
iutestiues are inflamed and the crop is full 
of sour food. 
When the existence of cholera becomes cer¬ 
tain, not an hour should be lost in treatment. 
It is not simply the questiou of losing the 
whole flock; the disease germs are found all 
through the birds; it cannot be that the eggs 
are free from the disease; surely the meat of 
the chickens is not, and it is not pleasant to 
think of tukiug these disease germs as food. 
The surest way to check the disease when it 
once obtains a foothold in the flock, is to kill 
the affected hen9 and bury them with quick¬ 
lime; or, better still, burn or boil them. The 
diseasecan sometimes be removed, when taken 
in its earliest stages, but there is no “sure 
cure” for it, as it appears upon the average 
farm. I have known chickens to be relieved 
by a strong dose of pepper aud a warm nest 
by the fire; but where the disease has firmly 
established itself, ordinary remedies will do 
no good, and the treatment is a risky business. 
The papers are full of so called “cures,” and 
many of them will do good if the disease is in 
a mild form aud the medicine is administered 
at the very first symptoms. With the badly 
diseased birds out of the way, those that ap¬ 
pear well should he removed, if possible, from 
their old quarters and given a new run. A 
few drops of carbolic acid in a quart of water 
mixed with their feed, or alum water, or com¬ 
mon baking soda and water, used for the same 
purpose, will generally briug them through. 
They must be watched, however, aud every 
stole fowl instantly removed. With absolutely 
clean surroundings and the proper use of dis¬ 
infectants, the disease germs can be kept at 
bay. 
The meaning of the word “clean” seems to 
differ with different persons; what is “clean 
enough for hens ’ to one mau, is a mass of filth 
to another. Whore hens arc coufiued in 
yards (aud they should bo whou profit is de¬ 
sired), the ground should be spaded frequently 
aud the drinking vessels washed out every 
other day. Mo9fc grain food is best fed on the 
ground, where the hens may scratch and exer¬ 
cise themselves iu eating it. A disinfectant 
consisting of one ounce of sulphuric acid to 
one gallon of water, sprinkled and sprayed 
about the yard, house and roosts at intervals, 
will prove more valuable than the treatment 
of sick birds. The man who makes poultry¬ 
keeping a business will bo .sure to attend to 
these mutters, for they represent the quantity 
aud quality of his bread and butter. The 
great trouble with the ordinary farmer is 
that he does not consider the hens of enough 
importance to warrant him in spending time 
upon them. What can we do to win for the 
hens the social recognition that they deserve? 
i HIRED MAN, 
