8S7 
with the tar. Keep the ox in a clean pasture 
or stable where he cannot get into muck or 
soft earth. 
TUMOR ON A BULL. 
G. N. F., Olean, Cattaraugus’Co.,'N. Y ,— 
Five weeks ago I discovered on the right side 
of my bull, about eight inches directly back 
of the ulna, a bunch about the size of my two 
fists, and since then it has increased in size 
about as,much again. It is fast to the flesh, 
and the skin is loose over it. It is affecting 
his condition. 1 do not think it is caused by a 
bruise, as there is no indication of it—no scar; 
what should be the treatment? 
Ans.— The only satisfactory remedy is early 
excision with the knife, followed by thorough 
cauterization of the adjacent tissues with'sil- 
ver nitrate or zinc chloride. Any surgeon 
can perform the operation for you. If it is a 
simple tumor, this treatment will be sufficient; 
but should the tumor reappear after excision, 
it is probably malignant, and a permanent 
removal cannot be hoped for. Internally give 
as a purgative, one pound Epsom salts with 
two ounces of ginger, and a laxative diet of 
green fodder or roots, with what water will 
be taken, so as to keep the bowels moving 
freely. If the condition does not improve, a 
course of tonics may be desirable—sulphate 
of iron, two drams; powdered gentian and 
ginger, each one ounce, and nitrate of potash 
two ounces, twice daily. 
THE APPLE MAGGOT. 
II. T.G , Falmouth, Mass ,—As soon as ripe, 
some sorts of apples are bored through and 
through by a very small worm, ruining the 
fruit. What is a remedy or preventive? 
Ans. —The borer is the larva of the Apple 
Maggot—Trypeta pomonella. It comes from 
an egg laid in the substance of the fruit by a 
minute fly in July, and the worms, uulike the 
larvie of the coddling moth, bore in all direct¬ 
ions instead of to the core. So far, no remedy is 
known but to pasture enough sheep or swine 
in the orchard to eat the fallen fruit as soon 
as it drops; and to pick up and feed out or 
cook all infested fruit before the larvae have 
escaped. As yet the pest has not become so 
prevalent as to attack any but sweet apples, 
and the earlier fall apples, and we think with 
care and united action it can be easily kept in 
check. 
STRAWBERRY ROOT WORM. 
G, O. Di‘ G., Factoryvilie, Pa,, sends for 
name specimens of an insect that ate the leaves 
of his strawberry vines. 
Ans.—The pest is Straw berry-root Worm 
(Paria aterrima var. 4 guttata). The larva 
of this insect works at the roots of the straw¬ 
berries, while the adult beetles feed upon the 
foliage. It is disputed whether the species is 
single or double brooded, but it evidently hi¬ 
bernates as a beetle. The eggs are laid in the 
ground in June and the beetles appear late in 
July. A good way to destroy the beetles now, 
aud to prevent the appearance of the Root 
Worms next seasou, is to sprinkle the vines 
with Paris-green in a watery solution or 
mixed with flour. 
WOODEN AND IRON AXLES. 
W. //., West Walworth, N. F.—Which will 
draw easiest, a wagon with wooden or iron 
axles? 
Ans. —On a smooth dirt road the smaller the 
axles the less friction and the easier the wagon 
will run. But on a rough or stony road the small 
axles are likely to spring, and springiug will 
cause the wagon to run hard. The wooden 
axle is also lightest and this makes some dif¬ 
ference on the rough roads. Practically we 
do not think there woald be much difference, 
aside from the weight. Wo notice, however, 
that iron axled wagons have never become 
very popular and but few are used, and popu¬ 
larity shows that, all things considered, the 
wooden axle is the best. 
Miscellaneous. 
J. W. C., Liberty , Mo .—How should celery 
be stored for winter use; also cabbages, so 
that I can easily get at them for sale in Win¬ 
ter? 
Ans. —We have answered this question oft¬ 
en. In a large way, for market, dig trenches 
a foot to 15 inches wide aud as deep as the 
celery is tall; just before freezing take up the 
celery with some soil adhering, and pack it 
upright in the tranches, crowding it up close. 
When the trenches are filled, place a couple 
of boards over them, roof-shape, and over 
these throw straw or leaves, and dirt or litter, 
just enough to keep the* frost out. Iu a small 
way for family use, have boxes like those 
shoes are packed iu, and make them water¬ 
tight at the liottom, having holes about four 
inches above, set the celery in these upright 
aud packed as closely together as possible, 
place the filled boxes in a dark, cool cellar, 
the cooler the better, if above freezing, and 
keep the bottoms of the boxes filled with water. 
Cabbages can alto be stored in trenches as 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
above described for c6lery, by "selecting the 
short legged ones for the outside rows and the 
longer for the middle, placing three rows of 
heads in a trench, and if the trench is partly 
filled with soil, covering the roots. Half¬ 
headed plants may be placed in them in the 
Fall, and will develop fine beads by Spring. 
Cabbage may also be stored as described in 
F. C. on page 664. 
W. II. L., Big Plain, Ohio.— My three-year- 
old colt has been running on pasture all Sum¬ 
mer, and three weeks ago I noticed that he 
was very stiff, as if he had been foundered; 
but on examination could find no cause. In a 
few dajs, lump3 as large as a hazelnut ap¬ 
peared aud disappeared next day; the second 
day afterwards they reappeared, but not so 
thick. Now it seems as if it were covered 
with shot under the skin; an old horse I find 
affected in the same way; what ails them? 
Ans. —The trouble is, most likely, horse- 
pox (Variola equina), although it may prove 
to be farcy (See Farcy Buds in F. C. of June 
f)). Both diseases are alike contagious, but 
while the former usually runs a harmless 
course of about two weeks, the latter is usual¬ 
ly fatal sooner or later, besides being danger¬ 
ous to man and other animals. In case of 
horse-pox, no treatment is necessary beyond a 
little extra care, protection from exposure, 
and abundance of good, nutritious food, aud 
a recovery should take place in about two 
weeks. If the animals do not recover in two 
or three weeks, farcy may be suspected, and 
treated as previously directed. 
B. Y. C., New Windsor, N. F.—Four weeks 
ago, one of my cows became very lame in one 
of her hind legs, and the usual remedies for 
“rot” were applied without effect; a week 
later, one of the fore legs became affected, 
and the hind leg gradually grew better, and 
was soon well. Soon afterwards, the other 
fore leg was attacked, and the animal is now 
a cripple, though she rises on her knees to be 
milked. She eats and milks well; what ails 
her? 
Ans. —You will have to be more definite in 
your description of the lameness; to say that 
a lameness is now in a hind leg, and then in a 
fore leg is rather indefinite. Is the tenderness 
confined to the foot, and is the soreness be¬ 
tween the claws or around the top of the hoof 
or elsewhere? If yon will give a careful 
description of the lameness, locating any 
swelling or soreness, we can answer your 
query. Why uotsend your name in full? 
C. M. G., Sunbright, Tenn. —1. Is there,such 
a thing in cultivation as a sweet peach? There 
is such a peach near here, and we call it fine. 
2. Where is slate roofing made, and who 
makes it? 
Ans.— 1. Several of the white peaches.called 
the sweet-water class, are very sweet,—the 
old Sweet-water and Mountain Rose belong 
to this class. We are not aware that there 
are any others more nearly sweet. 2. J. B. 
Kimes, 4 8. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
The William Penn Quarries. 
E. A. C., Villanora, N. Y .—Will it pay to 
plow clover under in the Fall for the benefit 
of the crops the following season? 
Ans. —This is what w»i call fall-fallowing, 
and if well done it is a spendid method of pre¬ 
paring the land. It not only allows the 
clover to rot,but kills many weeds, even more, 
we tbiuk, than the summer fallow. It should 
be plowed before heavy frosts, and the more 
clover plowed in the better. 
G. TP. H., Enfield, N. U. —Our seed beans, 
peas, etc., are badly eaten by worms, bugs, 
etc.; how can we prevent it? 
Ans. —The climate has much to do with this 
trouble. Here there is very little difficulty, 
if the seeds are stored iu a dry place. By 
drying the seed thoroughly and then storing 
it in perfectly tight boxes, l»arrels, or in a 
room made tight, you can prevent the depre- 
dations of all insects by using a small quan¬ 
tity of sulphide of carbon, which is a volatile 
poison. It is also very inflammable and must 
be handled with care. 
F. C. t Stone Ridge, N. Y .—Is Nepaul Bar¬ 
ley hulless and beardless as claimed, and what 
is its relative value, and is it adapted to this 
latitude? 
Ans. —Nepaul Barley is one of those grains 
that have uo value except as a curiosity, and so 
every geueratiou they are re-introduced aud 
have a run with those who have never seen 
them. It is both hulless and beardless, but is 
not productive, aud if it was, it has very little 
value. We advise ull to let it severely aloue 
as all the money put into it will be wasted. 
D. S. /?., Rapids, M. T.—l have a valuable 
colt troubled with somethiug resembling seed 
warts. The uose and under lip are complete¬ 
ly covered, and the condition is very trouble¬ 
some. What is the matter! 
Ans.— The condition is due to warts or 
other small tumors. The best remedy is to 
remove them with the knife, and then cauter¬ 
ize with nitrate of silver or chloride of zinc, 
very thoroughly, so as to remove, if possible, 
all diseased or abnormal tissues. 
J. S., Ellsworth, Iowa .— Where near this 
place can I find a veterinary school that is 
moderately cheap? 
Ans. —At the State Agricultural Colleges, 
at Manhattan, Kansas; Lansing, Michigan; 
and Ames, la. 
T. II. G., Tekamah, Neb .—Are the stamens 
of the Sharpless Strawberry unusually short? 
Ans. —The flowers of the Sharpless are per¬ 
fect—the anthers large and well developed, as 
we recall them. 
DISCUSSION. 
THE GERMAN CARP. 
J. H. S., Logansport, Ind.— On page 591 
of the Rural, “Horticola" makes a wild 
statement in regard to German carp. In giv¬ 
ing his opinions as facts, he is apt to mislead 
many who contemplate fish culture. He says, 
amoDg other things, that Kentuckians do not 
like the fish; he commends them for the taste, 
and adds that the Hsb is “the most insipid of 
all fishes." “HorticolaV’ taste must have 
been weakened, or else the fish grew in mud 
that imparted the insipid taste. The water 
and soil have much to do with the taste of this 
fish. [There is no doubt about that,—Eog.l 
Dr. J. B. Shultz, who has been through Ken¬ 
tucky, informs me that the people of that 
State like the fish and are deeply interested in 
its Culture. In regard to the time when the 
fish was introduced into this country, it is 
stated in a communication to the United States 
Fish Commissioner that Mr. J. A. Poppe 
brought them to California in 1872. It is also 
6tated thattbe young fish have been successful¬ 
ly introduced into all the neighboring States. 
“Horticola’s" statementlhat the fish is inferior 
to our common sucker is absurd, when we con¬ 
sider how many farmers are cultivating them. 
Mr. Rudolph Hessel states that carp culture 
can be traced back to the year of 1227. It 
appears, however, that “Horticola’’ is the first 
one to discover that the fish is no better than 
the common sucker. The ponds belonging to 
German princes cover many acres. This in¬ 
sipid fish seems to be good enough for royal 
personages. Mr Hessel states that carp have 
made for themselves an excellent market in 
the larger European cities even where brought 
Into competition with the best of fish. At 
Paris carp commands a higher price than any 
fish except trout and salmon. It seems to me 
that this is pretty good authority, so far as 
quality goes. From my own experience I 
know that Mr. Hessel is right, and if we could 
give “Horticola” some of our carp, I think 
we could conviuce him. 
SWINE PLAGUE AND DEW. 
F. G., Morrisonville, III.—On page 630 
of the Rural, a correspondent says: “During 
the night, the germs of swine plague are 
thought to collect on the damp grass.” Who 
“thought” the germs of swine plague collected 
on the damp gras? Let the writer arise aud 
explain. We are aching to learn the name 
and title (?) of the wiseacre who “thinks" that 
the bacteria of hog cholera lurk in the limpid 
depths of the pearly dewdrop! O shoot! 
Must we hereafter associate this sparkling 
little globule, this emblem of purity, with a 
revolting pig disease? Perish the ignominious 
“thought!" Happily ’tis only a “thought,” 
and as far from the reality as I am from the 
Presidency of the United States. The writer 
further “believes" that the malarial air 
settles near the surface of the ground during 
the uight. Let him put bis uose near the sur¬ 
face of marshy ground atauy time during the 
day, and he will learn that the malarial air is 
there, though be cannot detect it two feet 
ahove the surface. Let him go on the same 
ground at night, and he will get the full ben¬ 
efit of it, though he carry his nose 10 feet 
high. Hence it is plain that malaria lies 
close to the ground during the day, and rises 
at night. Now what does practical observa¬ 
tion indicate as among the chief causes of 
swine plague! 1. Pools of 6tagnaut water 
for the hogs to drink or lie iu. 2. Filthy 
quarters. 8. Exposure to hot sun. 4. Ex¬ 
posure to cold winds, and cold, drenching 
rains. 5. A sudden change of food. 6. A 
diet composed exclusively of corn and water. 
7. Crowding a large number into one pen. 
Common sense teaches that the proper way to 
prevent swine plague is to avoid the causes. 
•»»» 
Communications rkcsivkd for thk week ending 
Saturday. October 10,1885. 
C. E. P., thanks.—J. L. R —J. C.—F. M.-J. P.-F. 
L. K.-J. L. B.-J. IL II.-D. S. M.-F A. B.-J, L. P.— 
F. D.-H. M.-E. M. C.-H. W.-D. C. C.-H. M. W.— 
•‘Carrier."—H.—F. D. H.—P. M.. plants received.—C. 
H. R., the Rural Seed Dlsi rlbutton will be announced 
in a month.—a L. W -T. O. C.-F. T. C.-F. L.D.— 
N. K. P.-J. D D.-G. G. B,-G. O. B.-V. E. F. -W. 
K. B.-D. B S.—W. M H.—J. S.-G, M.-W. J. C.—A. 
K. II.—A. J. W. T.-H. G.—U. F, G.-M. SI.— 
H. B„ It shnll be done.—K. \V. 0 —I. N. P —J. W. O. 
—M. S. and W -F,. L. S.-L. C. K.-T. H.—W. H. H.— 
C. O. H.-M. W.-G. B.-J. C.-F. M. A.-Z. Z.-C. B. 
W.-J. L. MeD.-J. G. M.-C. H.—N. E. F.—E. M. S — 
E. H. S.-F. A. R.-J. L. B.-J. C.W.-H. A. C.-T. R.W. 
BE BEADY 
JQ 
FOR THE 
CAMPAIGN OF 1885-6. 
A LIST OF 
PRESENTS 
IS BEING ARRANGED FOR OUR 
Sutosoritoers 
who send ns Clnbs, 
More Valuable than that of last 
year. 
IT WILL BE PUBLISHED IN A 
SUPPLEMENT, 
TOGETHER WITH OUR NEXT 
Free Seed Distribution 
EARLY IN NOVEMBER. 
Agents will be pleased 
with the Rural’s 
Regular 
PREMIUM LIST, 
TO BE ISSUED THE WEEK AFTER. 
- m — — 
SECURE SUBSCRIBERS NOW. 
All will count for CLUBS 
from now r until next May. 
THE RURAL 
From jVow until January 
•7 
1st, 1887, for 
$ 2 . 00 . 
Subscribers are requested to 
renew now, and to present 
the Rural to friends for 
the unexpired term. 
LET US HEAR FROM ALL—AND 
THE SOONER THE BETTER. 
RURAL IEW-Y0EHR 
34 PARK ROW 
