THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
The first thought of the tens of thousands of 
settlers on these lands naturally is, that the 
indigenous trees of the upper Missouri should 
do better than any introduced species; but 
these native trees are found where their roots 
reach an eternal supply of moisture to sustain 
the rapid leaf evaporation of this dry climate. 
The lesson as to their final success on the up¬ 
lands with tenacious subsoil, can now be seen 
at u any points in Northern Iowa and in 
Dakota. Even where the subsoil is not ten¬ 
acious, the visitor to Bismarck, Dakota, can 
see as perfect foliage on the valley trees as can 
be found in Michigan, while trees planted 
twelve years ago on a pretty tract of upland, 
have now rusted leaves and dead tops: yet the 
owner assured me he had hauled tons of water 
from the Missouri to water them in times of 
extreme drought, and still the people are de¬ 
ceived at present on account of the vigorous 
growth aud perfect foliage of the plants for 
the first few years while under culture. Of 
the indigenous trees, the Box Elder will come 
the nearest to success as a low, bushy wind¬ 
break on such soils, and for economic uses of 
timber; but I wish to urge that the world has 
trees easily obtained, and rapidly and easily 
propagated, which will maintain perfect 
health, and reach larger size on these hard- 
pan sections, even in Western Dakota, where 
the annual rainfall only reaches 10 to 12 inches. 
These are the larger growing timber willows 
and poplars of the dry steppes of Eastern 
Russia, (North-Eastern Europe), and Central 
Asia is rich in its species of willows and pop¬ 
lars, which are adapted in leaf and cell 
structure to dry soils, a dry air and semi-arctic 
Winters and better for any use than any of 
our native forms. 
With a view to testing some of the best of 
these, we have rooted a few thousand cuttiDgs 
and would like to place them for trial in the 
hands of those located on hard-pan lands and 
on the “divides’’ underlaid with gravel. In 
small lots, they will be sent at a small price, 
which will be given on application, to those 
who will agree to preserve names and report 
results. 
Ag. Col. Ames, Iowa. 
of feeding the plants proved nearly as un¬ 
satisfactory as the former. While this was 
going on, not less than one-third of the ma¬ 
nure produced on the farm was being wasted 
by the liquid voidings leaching through the 
floors; by being scattered over large, uncov¬ 
ered yards, and by heating and fire-fanging 
in piles near the horse stable doors. At the 
time, I had but a faint conception of the 
magnitude of the loss. 
To remedy these difficulties, six years ago 
a covered yard was built, which has since 
been a great eye-opener. We have long since 
ceased to purchase manure, as we can produce 
on the farm, at a mere nominal cost, large 
quantities, worth three to four times as much 
per ton as that obtained from the village* 
Last year an elfort was made to ascertain the 
value of the manure made during the Win¬ 
ter at the larger of the two barns. The 
mixed horse aud cow manure, which was 
quite solid from the tramping of the cattle, 
was allowed to accumulate till it was about 
two feet deep; numerous samples, of about ten 
pounds each, were taken at the depth of one 
foot, mixed aud chopped most thoroughly, and 
a sample of the mixture was analyzed with 
the following results: 
Moisture.72-95 per cent. 
Nitrogen . .78 “ “ 
Phosphoric acid ----- .40 “ “ 
Potash.84 “ “ 
Value of one ton of manure: 
Nitrogen, .78 per cent, x 2.000 lbs. — 15.6 lbs, 
04 15 cents - -- -- -- - - - $2.24 
Phosphoric acid .40 per cent, x 2,000 lbs. — 8 lbs. 
<2 6 cents — - -. ‘ ,8 
Potash, .84 per cent, x 2,000 lbs. — 16.8 lbs. @ 4*4c. .71 
$3.53 
From the covered yard, in six-and-a half 
months, 311 loads were hauled. About every 
tenth load was weighed, and it was found that 
the loads averaged a few pounds over one-and- 
a-half ton. 
From this it appears that there were 466 
tons of manure, worth, according to the 
analysis, $1 644 96; or perhaps, more accurate¬ 
ly stated, it would have cost this amount to 
have purchased the same quantity of plant- 
food in the form of fertilizers. The number 
ot animals kept was not noted at the time; 
but estimated afterward from memory, at 46. 
These investigations were not entirely satis¬ 
factory; because all the manure was not 
weighed, neither were the animals counted 
from month to month. This Winter all tho 
manure has been weighed and the animals 
counted, and my next article will give a more 
exact statement. In recent experiments, I 
found that, the manure from a milch cow was 
worth 16 cents per day. 
Taking the above as a fair sample of the 
herd, the following table has been made in or¬ 
der to show how nearly the results coincide 
with those given above. As nearly as can be 
estimated, eighty tons of straw were used for 
bedding, the manure from which is set down 
at $3.50 per ton: 
TABLE. 
Forty-live animals for I'Jfi days equal 8,775 
animals for oue day: S.7J5 x lti cents, (value 
of manure for one animal one day), - - ■ $1,404.00 
Eighty tons straw <$ $8.50 - -- -- -- - 280 00 
$1,6S4 00 
It will be observod that by this method of 
computing,the value appears to be $39.02 more 
than that by the former. 
Boussingault gives the following as the av¬ 
erage quantity of manure made by a horse of 
900 pounds aud of a cow (weight not given): 
Uorse, 12,000 pounds per year solid. 
8,800 “ •* " liquid. 
Cow, SO,TOO “ ** •• solid. 
8,000 « •• '• liquid. 
Computing from the above basis, twelve 
horses, iu 0% months, would produce 4S% 
tons, and 38 cuttle, 250% tons. These amounts, 
together with SO tons of bedding, give a total 
of 379 tons. 
The nuimuls kept on our farm arc without 
doubt much larger than the average. These 
investigations point, at least, toward valuable 
facts. One fact is here worth stating and 
remembering—in 0)4 months we produced 311 
large loads of valuable manure from 45 ani¬ 
mals. 
JJmpUmenta and Partinmi 
FA RMERS—ATTENTION! 
CHEAPEST AND BEST SMOOTHING HARROW MADE 
Eight Solid Onk Beams, 2} x 2}, 40 lialf-inch square steel teeth, evenerand clevises 
complete, as shown in cut. Special price to Farmers, delivered on cars or boat in New 
York, $7.00. Will send to any responsible Farmer on receipt of his order. If not 
as represented you may return it, we don’t ask for pay till yon have received the Har¬ 
row. To save onr customers freight, we ship the teeth seperate, as the rate is 50 per 
cent higher with teeth in than without; Farmers can drive them in easily. 
IRON HARROWS 
Just what every farmer wan s. 
It cuts ground all over every two 
inches. Can be changed from a 
roughing to a smoothing Har¬ 
row, merely by bitching to the 
other end. 
SPECIAL PRICE TO FARMERS, F. 0. B. NEW YORK. 
Two Sections, with 48 Teeth and Evener, $16.00. 
Three Sections, with 72 Teeth and Evener. $24.00. 
Agents wanted for our full line of Farm Machinery; Special prices to Farmers where we 
have no agents. Send for circulars showing our full line of Farm Tools and Machinery, best 
and most complete line made. 
We are also the Sole and Only Authorized Agents in the New England, 
Middle and Southern States for the Strowbridge Broadcast Seeder, Advertise¬ 
ment of which you will find in this paper, and we will make wholesale prices on 
them to Farmers where we have no agents. Be sure and apply to us for Prices 
and Terms. Address 
All Iron and Steel, except Tooth 
Holders, which are of the best 
Malleable Iron, furnished with 
one-balf Inch Square Steel Teeth 
florintltural 
NEW GLADIOLI. 
I am glad to hear that the Rural was 
among the first to import the improved Glad¬ 
ioli, 15 years ago. So was I, as you will see 
by the following, which I quote from an old 
volume of the Magazine of Horticulture for 
1859, only 20 years ago! It doesn't read 
amiss to day: 
“New Gladioli.— The Gladioli are des¬ 
tined to become the flower for the million. 
Tbeir simple culture and their magnificent 
flowers will render them universal favorites. 
The improvement in the flowers is truly won¬ 
derful. There seems to be no limit to their 
sportiveness. The new varieties of the year 
(1859) surpass all previous ones, as beautiful 
as they were. Tints and coloring known only 
in the orchids, are represented in the newest 
Gladioli From the old orange and yellow 
we have deep red and crimson, then pinks 
and rose colors; next buif aud fawn, and now 
straw and pale yellow; all being more or less 
streaked or spotted. We have already de¬ 
scribed many varieties, aud intend ere long 
to give a more complete account of them. 
Planted out in May, in good rich soil, they 
bloom through August.and are equalled among 
summer flowering bulbs only by the Japan 
Lilies. Iu Autumn the bulbs should be taken 
up aud wintered in any dry place where the 
frost will not reach them.” 
That year 1 was awarded the first prize for 
the finest 10 kinds. In 1860 I had a collection 
of 100 of the finest varieties in France, only 10 
years before the Rural. c. m hovey. 
G. C. BROOKS’ SWIVEL PLOW 
Special 
B. & J. W BELCHER, Chicopee Falls, Ma° 
HOW TO MANAGE GERANIUMS. 
Take up the old plants in the Fall, just be¬ 
fore frost, and keep them in a partially light¬ 
ed, cool cellar, or in a cold-frame The latter 
part of December re-pot them in go Oil potting 
soil, first stripping off all the leaves and cut¬ 
ting off the tips of the branches. Take them 
into the sitting-room. This treatment will 
THAT THE BUTTER V I El. 11 OF THE 
COOLEY CREAMERS 
I ho* never been equalled by any ('reamerv. Pan. or Separ 
H ator. They carried off the Premiums for the Greatest 
^ Per (rut. ot Yield In the great dairy States of Iowa 
and W isconsin, 
^ Over 31,0(H) in Daily Tse!! 
Their combined product of butter and chocso reaches nearly 1H pound** to tho 
hundred pounds of milk. They take the lead in tbe Cronin Cumbering System. 
Gluboxicu Uituat 
SHELTER BELTS ON THE UPLANDS OF 
DAKOTA. 
PROl-'ESSOn J. L. BUDD. 
In respouse to several letters of inquiry 
from readers of the Rural, I wish to say a 
word about timber-growing and shelter belts 
on the interminable prairies of Dakota, west 
cause thefii to throw out new shoots all along 
the branches, well down towards the roots. 
About March cut all the branches off to with¬ 
in two new shoots of the body of the plaut. 
Those new shoots will form a new, bushy 
plant, that will give better satisfaction during 
the coming season thau tho plant would have 
done if left to grow in a straggling way from 
the euds of the old branches. The branches 
THE DAVIS SWING CHURN. 
Awarded 81X 81 LYE It 1 VIKD.YL 8 lu the last four years over all competi¬ 
tors. It operates the easiest, It chums more thorvui/hly cuui consequently brings 
more butter. It is theeasiest to clean. The cover aiu<aj,.i on top, avoiding all 
leakaae and emptying of cream on the floor. Also a full line of BUTTER 
WORKER 8 , BUTTER PRINTER* and all supplies for Dairies and 
Factories. You will regret It If you purchase any apparatus before sending for 
our Illustrated Circulars. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt. 
of the James ltiver, and north of the 45th 
parallel. 
While it is easy to grow timber in the 
ancient valleys aud fllled-up basins, it is a 
different matter on the millions of acres of 
upland prairie underlaid with a peculiar 
hard-paa that does not seem to have been sat¬ 
urated with water for the past hundred years. 
cut off, with the ufew growth on them, can be 
cut up into slips and will make new plauts iu 
time, for outdoor planting. If new plants 
are not wanted, re-pot later than the date 
above noted, and prime off about two-thirds 
of each branch. There will then be a rapid 
growth, forming fine plants for tbe parlor 
aud for bedding out in Summer, goguac. 
BARTLETT i 00W, ft... SEEO GROWERS 
Mass. MILKING TUBES Dealers. 
For Mtlkiog Cows with Sore or Obstructed Teats. Price ‘25c. Mailed to 
Descriptive Circular, aud our SEED CATALOGUE for 1885. lYce to all. 
any address on receipt of price. 
KlIMAMVS IMPROVED BLOOD TURNIP BEET. 
This Is the best flavored, most uniform in shape, and the most profitable varlet f to raise for general crop, 
of anything now In the market. TRY IT, Price per pound by mall, 75 cis.; per ounce, 8 eta.; per packet. Sets. 
