284 
UPPLEM1N7 7© THE BUBAL NEW-YORKER. APBiL 25 
due north from St. Helen’s Jersey, which is the 
largest and most important of the Channel 
Islands. Being about 12 miles long by seven 
wide, and containing an area of 45 square 
rail*s. and a population of 56,000 against 1,200 
in Alderney, many more cattle are exported 
from Jersey than from all the other Channel 
Islands combined. It is probable that the first 
importations of Jerseys were made on vessels 
that, touching at Alderney, were supposed to 
have embarked the cattle there. The present 
Alderney cattle are more like the Guernsey's 
than the Jerseys, and are “registered” in an 
appendix to the regular Guernsey Herd Book, 
of the Island of Guernsey. 2. Yes; 
BOTS IN HORSES, ETC. 
T. H. M, Hudson. Dakota.— 1. How can I 
raise five or six weeks-old pigs without a mo¬ 
ther. or cow's milk, as I have neither. 2. 
What is the best treatment for bots? 
A vs—1. Pigs of this age can be fed cooked 
wheat middlings and sifted oat-meal, one- 
third of oat-meal, feeding also a little cooked 
potatoes, care being takeu to feed a little and 
often. 2 It is nearly the unanimous opinion 
of veterinarians that bots are comparatively 
harmless, except when they accumulate in 
great numbers. A few cases have been noted, 
when, on account of a morbid condition of the 
stomach to which they have been attached, 
the pests were so incommoded that, In order to 
escape, they perforated the walls of the stom¬ 
ach, allowing the fluids to escape into the ab¬ 
domen. when death surely followed: but even 
in the few cases where a post-mortem exam¬ 
ination showed that they had done this, some 
veterinarians deny that the fatal injury to 
the stomach was caused by them, maintain¬ 
ing that it was due to other causes. In case 
the animal is insufficiently fed, or in poor con¬ 
dition from some other cause, however, they 
become troublesome, and when in great num¬ 
bers when full-grown, they sometimes cause 
injury, indicated by symptoms like those of 
colic, by attaching themselves to the sensitive 
lining of the bowels in passing through the 
animal. A common remedy is to give, once a 
day for three days, one dram of sulphate of 
copper, to be followed at the end of that time 
by four drams of Barbadoes aloes, the treat¬ 
ment to be repeated at the end of the week, it 
n -eessary. Medicine, however, has little effect 
upon bots. and it is better to let them alone, 
as at maturity, they let go their hold on the 
coating of the stomach and pass out in the 
dung. 
TREATMENT OF QUINCE CUTTINGS. 
J. W. S. Baden, Pa — 1. Are the sprouts 
frcm the roots of a quince tree of the same 
tied as the topi 2 How can I propagate the 
quince from cuttings? 
Ans —1. If your quinces are the Orange, 
there is no doubt but the sprouts are like the 
top, ami will make good trees. 2. Make the 
cuttings from 8 to 10 inches long; select a 
dampish but not wet piece of ground; draw a 
line, aud ran a spade into the ground the full 
length along the line; throw out the dirt, 
1 aving a trench as deep as your cuttings are 
ling, having one side solid and slightly slant¬ 
ing Set the cuttings in the trench, tops 
ui, about four inches apart, and with their 
tops just above the surface; fill iu two inches 
of soil and stamp it down firmly and solidly 
about the lower end. Then if you have straw, 
chaff or old bay reeking wet, fill in two inches 
and tbeu replace the soil, making all level. 
Keep weeds out. Fifty per cent, ought to 
grow. In two or three years, they should be 
large enough to plant out, or you may plant in 
nursery rows three by one-and a-half feet, and 
let them grow there until four or five years 
old before planting in the orchard. 
BH1PSTUFF. 
R. M, Poughkeepsie, N. V — What is the 
•shipstuff recommended so highly by Prof. 
Sanboim in a late Rural? 
Ans.— Prof. Sanborn says: Shipstuff is mid¬ 
dlings minus the flour derived from an extra 
bolting in the flouring process, and not sup¬ 
posed to be as valuable as middlings. In fact, 
it is 10 cents per 100 pounds less in price in St. 
Louis. But the name is not a sure definer of 
the quality of the material, as the use of the 
term has become common here, and real mid- 
lings are often classed as shipstuff In fact, 
the analysis of the shipstuff which 1 fed shows 
it to be quite as rich as the best middlings, 
and I regard the material used as middlings. 
I used the local term known to our farmers, 
but should have defined the quality of the 
meal. 
fertilizer queries. 
J. B. B., Hoboken, Alii, Co., Pa,— 1. What 
is a formula for a complete manure? 2. Who 
deals in the materials and what are the 
prices? 
Ans.— 1. A complete manure must depend 
upon soil and crop for its composition; for 
instance, a complete mauuie for wheat should 
contain a large per cent, of ammonia and less 
of potash; while one for beans, peas or clover 
wjuld need less of ammonia aud more of 
potash. So, as a rule, light or sandy soils re¬ 
quire more potash than heavy and clay soils. 1 
A manure that would produce very good re¬ 
sults with most crops could be made by using 
1,000 pouodsof very fine bone flour. 85 .pounds 
of nitrate of soda, and if hard-wood ashes can 
be obtained, using 1,500 pounds or 30 bushels, 
or, in case the ashes cannot be procured, add 
200 pounds of muriate of potash or 400 pounds 
of sulphate of potash. In case of the addition 
of the potash salts, add enough muck or loam 
to make one ton, and use the quantity on five 
acres. 2. See market reports this week. 
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. 
J. F. IF., Westminster. VI. —1. Where can 
I get fine grouud bone and nitrate of soda? 2. 
What is the price of each? 3. Should the 
bone and ashes be mixed before applying? 4. 
Can nitrate of soda be mixed with plaster 
safely? 
Ans.— 1. Of nearly all the fertilizer men 
who advertize in the Rural. Send for their 
catalogues. 2 See Rural of April 11th. We 
propose to quote them every week or two 
weeks at furthest. 3. It is perfectly safe to J 
mix them aud, if to lie auy length of time. I 
they may be moistened slightly and the ashes 
will do much toward decomposing the bone. 
4 It is perfectly safe to do so; be sure to make 
the nitrate fine by pounding. 
APPLYING WOOD ASHES TO CORN. 
C. L. C., West Plattsburg, N. Y. —1. I have 
70 bushels of unleached wood ashes, which I 
wish to apply to my corn, at what time shall 
I apply them? 2. Shall I apply alone or 
mixed with other fertilizers: 
Ans. —1. It much depends upon bow many 
acres you wish to apply them to. If on no 
more than five acres, sow broadcast just be¬ 
fore the last harrowing, when fitting the 
land. If only a small quantity is to be used ' 
per acre, apply with the baud to the hill after 
planting. 2 If the land needs only potash, 
apply them alone: but probably it needs phos- j 
phoric acid as well and, most likely, nitrogen; 
iu that case use fine bone dust with which you 
may mix the ashes, aud you can use barn¬ 
yard manure, also, but with this you should 
not mix them. 
HERITABLE APPURTENANCES OF A FARM. 
J. G., Fremont, Minn.— What are the “ap 
purtenances” that go by deed or inheritance 
with land? 
Axs.—The term, as used in the conveyance 
of land, means everything naturally attached 
to the soil, such as trees, grass, herbage,stones 
and anything growing upon the trees; also 
fences,and fence materials, that have been in 
a fence or are scattered on the spot ready to 
be put into a fence; permanent buildings and 
all buildings erected by the owner and not on 
wheels or runners; manure made upon the 
farm from food grown upon the farm,and or¬ 
dinary crops planted or sown by the owner 
and not sold at the time of the transfer. So 
also is anything fitted for the real estate and 
actually applied to it, if of a permanent na¬ 
ture. 
COMPOSITION OF PEA STRAW. 
W. If. 8’., Templeton, Qve —What is the 
value of rotted pea straw as manure? 
Ans.— Pea straw in its composition is very 
much of the uature of clover hay. One ton 
oontains 23.93 pounds of potash, worth 51.31; 
7.79 pounds of phosphoric acid, worth 54 
cents, and 22 pounds of ammonia, worth $8.52. 
making a total of 85.37 Besides these ele¬ 
ments, it also contains lime and other ele¬ 
ments beneficial in a greater or less degree. 
--»♦» — 
Miscellaneous. 
W. J., Zeven, Neb. —1. What are the best 
varieties of apples, peaches, and pears for 
Nebraska? 2. Where can 1 get a work on 
spaying pigs? 3. What kinds of grass would 
be likely to succeed best on high, prairie land, 
and how much per acre should be sown? 
Ans. —According to the American Homo¬ 
logical Society, whose choice is determined 
by the decision of the best State authorities 
in each species and variety, the best of the 
fruits named, for Nebraska, are: Apples, 
Americou Summer, Buffington's Early, Caro¬ 
lina June, Cooper’s Early, Dominie, Duchess 
of Oldenburg, Fameuse, Gabriel, Grimes’s 
Golden, Jonathan, Late Strawberry, Red 
Astrachan, Roman Stem, Summer Bellefleur, 
White Winter Pearmain, Williams’s Favorite, 
and Winesap. The best peaches are Craw¬ 
ford’s Early and Late, Hale’s Early, Large 
Early York, Molden's White, and Stump the 
World. The best pears: Bartlett, Anjou, 
Giffard, Bloodgood, Boussock, Angouleme, 
Flemish Beauty, Glout Morceau. Howell, 
Lawrence, and Seekel. 2. There is no special 
work on the subject, but the operation is de¬ 
scribed in Swine Husbandry, an excellent work 
by our contributor, F. D. Coburn, price $1.75, 
to be had of the American News Company, 
New York. 3. Much depends upon the pur¬ 
pose for which the pasture is to be used. Sow 
Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pretensis), 14 
pounds; Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata), 
7 pounds, and White Clover (Trifolium repens), 
five pouuds. If for meadow, sow Timothy, 
10 pouuds, Red Clover, 12 pouuds, and Blue 
Grass 7 pounds. 
F. H. R,, Perry, N. Y— 1. What firm uses 
turkey wing and tail feathers for dusters? 2. 
Can I get a list of seeds sent, from the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture for 1835? 3 How is dyna¬ 
mite put up aud shipped, where can I get it, 
and what is the cost? 
ANS.—1. J Hawloetz & Co., N Y. 2 Write 
to the Department for it, and for the seeds ap¬ 
ply to your Member of Congress. 3 11 is put into 
paper tubes of different sizes. One seven- 
eights of an inch in diameter, about eight 
inches long is the best to use for blasting 
purposes. It must be exploded by a cap made 
on purpose. It comes 25 and 50 pounds in a 
box. There are two kinds of powder in the 
market, known ns No. 1, and No, 2. The for¬ 
mer is employed for heavy work, being very 
powerful. The latter is less powerful, but 
strong enough for blasting stumps, shattering 
stoues.etc. Purchasers should mention whether 
they want No 1 or No. 2 po wder, the num¬ 
ber of pounds, diameter of cartridge, number 
of caps (one for each explosion) and the length 
of fuse for igniting the caps. The following 
are the prices of requisites: — 
Powder No. 1, 81: No. 2. 50 cents per pound; 
caps (iqO in a box), $2; single tape water fuse 
(per 100 feet). 75 cents; Dippers, 50 cents. It is 
not safe for “green” hands to use. Better 
write to Varney & Doe, 61 Park Place, N. Y., 
who will tell you where to get powder, and 
who know how to use it. 
J.A B., Hunt City, 111— What do you think 
of the practicability of combining a cutting 
box with the thrashing machine so that the 
straw can be cut as fast as thrashed? 
Ans.— Such a thing is perfectly practicable, 
and where straw is to be stored in mows, it 
will pack into little more than half the space 
required for the same amount of whole straw. 
Besides this, the cut straw makes much better 
bedding, is a better absorbent of liquid man¬ 
ure, and the manure made with it is vei'y 
much easier to handle and especially to spread. 
A large-sized cutter is used: it is placed di¬ 
rectly behind the separator in such a position 
that the straw falls upon an endless apron iu 
the cutter, which carries it to the feed rolls: 
after passing through these, and being cut, it 
falls upon the straw carrier and is carried to 
the mows; when desired, half cured corn 
stalks, or fodder corn, can be mixed with the 
straw, and thus be safely stored, at the same 
time improving the stiaw. The whole appa¬ 
ratus is attached to the separator and run by 
the same power which drives that. 
Y. M. L., Panama, N. Y .—What about 
Mrs. Lizzie E Gotton and her wonderful 
“controllable” bee hive? How many dollars’ 
worth of honey will a hive of pure Italian 
bees make iu a season, and how much is a hive 
of such bees worth? 
ANSWERED BY PROF. A. J. COOK. 
Mrs. Lizzie E. Cotton has been exposed as a 
fraud in the Rural New Yorker and lead¬ 
ing bee journals for years. She says her hive 
and system will surely briug $20 per colony 
each year. Such a statement is ahsurd. The 
season may be so poor that no honey will be 
gathered. Even the kee-keepers of Maine, in 
her own State, pronounce Mrs. Cotton to be a 
cheat. Her hive aud system would not be ac¬ 
cepted as a gift by the first bee keepers of the 
country. A good colony of Italian bees will, 
iu average seasons, give one swarm, aud gather 
50 pounds of fine comb honey. Our best bee 
men sell good strong colonies, in our best hives 
—such hives are now unpateued—for $10. 
Mrs. Cotton charges doable this amount, and 
mauy of her patrons complain that what she 
sends is really worthless. 
E.D. R„ Beaver, Kans.— 1. Who originated 
the Faith and Beauty Grapes, and what is 
their character? 2. What red and black rasp¬ 
berries ripen their berries in the shortest time? 
3, Has the Rural tested Stayman’s Early 
Blackberry } 
Ans —1, Faith originated with Jacob Rom¬ 
mel, from the Taylor. The vine is a strong 
grower. Bunches, long-shouldered and me¬ 
dium in size. Berry small and white, sweet 
and pure in flavor. Beauty originated with 
J. C. Kramer, La Crescent, Minn. A seedling 
of Delaware and Concord. Berry greenish- 
yellow and of good quality. 2. The Turner, 
Hansell, Crimson Beauty, Rancocas, among 
reds, ripen during as short a season us any. 
Perhaps the Marlboro should be added. 
We would mention Souhegan among black¬ 
caps. 8. No. 
A. MoD., Rush City, Minn. —1. I have the 
manure from 50 hens, and the ashes from two 
stoves, made from poplar and oak wood, how 
shall I mix and apply to the best advantage? 
2. What is the best way to apply fresh stable 
manure to land for corn, potatoes and garden 
crops? 
Ans. —1. We are almost tired of saying, 
never mix any wood ashes with either barn¬ 
yard or hen manure or any other non-com¬ 
mercial manures. It will surely result in tlae 
loss of nearly all the ammonia. Both these are 
valuable manures, but they should be applied 
sepa rately to the soil. The ben manure is the 
best for corn and onions: tbe ashe3 for beans, 
peas and cabbages. Use both for pota¬ 
toes, applying separately 3, Scatter on the 
surface and plow lightly into the ground. If 
for potatoes planted in the Rural’s method, 
apply as a mulch in drills, as directed. 
G. W, L , Leetes Island, Ct. —L, Will the 
ashes of corn cobs mixed with the pleasure of 
burning them in a stove, exceed the valne of 
the cobs plowed in whole? 2. Will using sea¬ 
weed as a mulch in planting potatoes accord¬ 
ing to the Rural’s method, leaving it until 
the vines come through, and leveling up with 
soil, covering the potatoes, answer every pur¬ 
pose? 3. Only four out of 30 roosters pay any 
attention to the hens, and this difficulty is on 
the increase; what is the trouble? 
Ans. —1. Burning adds nothing to the pot¬ 
ash of corn cobs, except present availability, 
and much depends upon how highly you value 
the pleasure of burning them. 2. Your plan 
will answer, only we should prefer a slight 
covering on the seaweed to retain moisture. 
3. We think the trouble is in too close in- 
breediug. Get some cockerels from some 
other flock. 
J. G L, Theodore , Dak.— 1. What are the 
advantages of drilling and broadcasting re¬ 
spectively? 2. How does tbe Strowbridge 
Seeder work ? 3. What kind would the Rura l 
advise me to buy? 
Ans —1. The makers of the different ma¬ 
chines set out their several claims much more 
fully than we can spare space to do. It would 
be well to send a postal for circulars of the 
leading manufacturers. 2.—The cuts show 
quite plainly; the circular will show fully. 
It fastens to a wagon and runs from one bind 
wheel. 3. The Rural very properly will not 
advise at all. We have not used all, and 
might do a great injustice were we to single 
out any one, and, besides, what pleases one 
will not please another. Again we say get 
their circulars, and yon can’t go far astray. 
S. E. B., Eudora, Kansas — l. 1 have kept 
my horses the past Winter on early-cut millet 
hay. with very little grain. They perspire 
profusely on tbe least labor, what can I do to 
tone them up for spring work? 2. What is the 
difference between White Pekin and Aylesbury 
Ducks in appearance? 8. Is it necessary to 
have more than one drake to four ducks of 
either kind ? 
A.vs.—1. We mistrust your horses have an 
enormous coat of old hair. Give a feed of 
potatoes or other roots three times a week, 
put a tablespoonful of raw linseed oil in their 
food once a day, and groom them so as to get 
the old coat off as soon as possible. We think 
this will make them all right. 2, The Ayles¬ 
bury is the smaller, has a flesh-colored bill, and 
a more flattened body. The bill of the Pekin 
is yellow: and the neck is shorter and more 
curved. 3. No. 
H. G. L., Silkmon, Minn .—L With dressed 
hogs at $6 per 100 pouuds, wheat at 65 cents 
barley at 45 cents, and oats at 25 cents per 
bushel, will it pay to make pork; and if so, 
which of the above grains, at the prices 
named, is the cheapest? 2 How shall I treat 
plum and cherry stones and grape seeds 
gathered last Fall, to have them germinato. 
Ans.— 1. We think it will pay at the prices, 
if the hogs are judiciously fed and cared for. 
We should prefer tbe barley 2, The seeds 
should have been planted last Fall, by putting 
them at once into damp earth and exposing 
them to frost. Borne may still come up this 
year; the grapes surely will if not kept too 
dry. Plant very shallowly in good garden 
soil, aud keep free from weeds. 
J. S., Canton, Dak. —1. What sort of culti¬ 
vators do you use to cultivate not more than 
two iuches deep? 2. Why don’t the makers 
of such tools advertise them in the Rural? 3. 
lathe one advertised by the Syracuse Plow 
Co. a good one? 
Ans — 1. The cultivators we use are of sev¬ 
eral kinds; some have five teeth, with a wheel 
iu front; others have three broad teeth with 
three wheels. We think the single and 
double shovels uro obsolete tools for com and 
potato cultivation. 2. They are simply stand¬ 
ing in their own light, as the Rural is really 
head and shoulders above all other papers in 
advocating improved culture. 3. It is a first- 
class tool for one-horse use. 
R. U., No, Kingsville, Ohio .— What is the 
difference between a full-blood aud a thorough¬ 
bred? 
Ans.— Formerly, among American breed¬ 
ers, there was a difference, thorough bred 
meaning an animal without a taint of any 
other blood, the pedigrees running back on 
both sides as long as the herd books had ex¬ 
isted; while by full-blood was meant an ani- 
