ISS5 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
207 
iTRADE 
'MARK 
the National Debt, will not stamp it out, even 
if it can ever be done. It would seem to be 
almost time that those who, from ignorance 
or int Tested motives, have been crying “uo 
serious dauger from contagious diseases,” and 
“exaggerated fuss which has been made a- 
bout contagious diseases" should state facts. 
Reputable veterinarians sometimes make mis¬ 
takes in the diagnoses of diseases; so have our 
most eminent physicians in certain grave 
cases. In the case of contagious pleuro¬ 
pneumonia it is better that 20 animals not 
surely affected, but supposed to be, should be 
quarantined, or eveu killed and paid for, 
tbau that one really bolding the disease 
should be allowed to infect others. 
The question of infection from contagious 
pleuro-pneumoniais a subject of grave inter¬ 
est to Western breeders and feeders. Continued 
outbreaks, though widely separated, but 
traceable to well-defined sources of infection, 
show the insidious and terrible nature of this 
contagion, and it certainly seems in bad taste, 
with the disease credibly stated to have ex¬ 
isted east of the Alleghauies, and west for 
more than a year, with luugs shown the 
writer taken from a Westeru herd by a veter¬ 
inarian who has had European experience 
with the disease, and traceable to a well- 
known source of infection: I repeat, it seems 
in bad taste, not to say criminal, to make the 
quotation in question. Jonathan feriam. 
Chicago, 111. 
door animal; his instincts all point that way. 
He wants to root and grub and find his living. 
He has been wisely given a variety of appe¬ 
tites, so that almost everything the earth 
affords is relished by him. To restrain a pig 
from rooting is to deprive him of the indul¬ 
gence of a natural inclination and the use of 
an organ made for this express purpose. It 
should not be doue, unless it is necessary to 
keep him from destroying things of value. 
The pig-pasture must be saved, and rooting 
it out would destroy it, so the pigs turned 
into it must be “rung” to keep them from do¬ 
ing it. In the clover field this is not neces¬ 
sary, as the rooting will not injure the lot for 
the next year’s crop, and somehow pigs are 
not inclined to root so much in ground newly 
seeded, or in a clover field, as in an old pas¬ 
ture. The reason, doubtless, is because there 
are fewer grass roots, such as they like, and 
fewer grubs and angle worms. Hogs like the 
roots of Canada Thistles, and if fed on a 
patch so as to get a taste of them, they will 
often grub them all out. 
The old-fashioued ring was inserted through 
the rim of tb? snout, and thou twisted to¬ 
gether by a pair of pincers. Sometimes the 
hole was first made by a straight awl, and 
sometimes one end of the wire was sharpened 
on the grind stone, or with a file, so that it 
could be pushed through, it was about the 
same work to take a long wire and sharpen 
one end and thrust this through, and then 
draw the whole piece through, leaving just 
enough for a ring, cutting this off with a tile. 
The shorter the work or the less time required 
to put the ring in, the better, as the music of 
the hog is very disagreeable; hence I always 
preferred to make a good-sized hole with a 
punch or awl, and have the rings just right to 
put in and twist together. On an oil hog, 
when the gristle was tough, the wire would 
often bend and not go through easily. Cop¬ 
per wire is the best to bend, as it can be 
twisted with the fingers, but it should never 
be used, as it is liable to make ulcerations, and 
it always will if the hole where it is inserted 
is low enough down to touch or wound the 
bone or tlesh in the snout. There is very 
little sensitiveness in the rim of the snout, 
but at its base there are delicate physical or¬ 
gans aud uerves, and these should not be 
lacerated. Malleable iron wire is the best, 
although in old times cooimoti wire was made 
malleable by heating it and letting it cool 
slowly. 
Thore are patent pincers now In which the 
ring is placed iu groves, and the wire being 
sharpened at each end, is forced through 
the gristle by squeezing the pincers together, 
and the work is done. I have also seen and 
used a kind with a fiat, malleable riug which 
made a better tit or lap of the ends, and con¬ 
sequently a smoother riug than the wire. 
With these patent rings and pincers the work 
of inserting the ring is done in an instant, 
and there is very little danger of getting the 
riug too deep. I have aLso used a patent 
cutter which cut a sectiou of the rim loose, 
and for a time the hog could not root, until it 
healed, as it was sure to do from the connec¬ 
tion at the ends. Rings should never be put 
through the nostrils, as they make ulcers and 
affect the bone. There is just one place for 
these things, and that is iu the hard rim of 
gristle around the snout, and the nearer the 
center the better. Wires come all ready for 
use with the patent pincers, and they may 
be bad at auy first-class hardware store. 
Such tools save time and aunoyance. 
INVITES ATTENTION TO THEIR 
SEND FOR CATALOGUES. 
J.M. Thorburn& Co. J5 JohnS:NewYork. 
FRANK S. PLATT'S 
Are PURE, RELIABLE, and SUKE to 
GROW. 
Prices always the lowest that good seeds 
can be sold for. 
CAT ILOGUE FREE, 
comprising a list of everything required for 
the Farm and Garden. 
FRANK S. PLATT, 
NEW HAVEN. CONN. 
550.000 CRAPE VINES 
CHEESE-MAKING, No 6, 
T. D. CURTIS, 
80 Varieties. Also Small Fruit*. Quality unsurpassed. Warranted true to name. Very 
cheap. Illustrated descriptive price list free. LEWIS ROESCH. Fredonia, IV. V. 
SETTING. 
When the cheese-maker has a vat of average 
milk before him, practically it is composed as 
follows: 
Water.. so 
Butter. . . 8.50 
Caseine . 8 21 
Sugar.. ’ 5.10 
IE NIAGARA 
WHITE CRAPE. 
fc 2f«agL The CREATEST SINGLE DISCOVERY ^ 
iever made in HORTICULTURE on this continent. 
Nr> other Grape has ever been so thccrunyhly before being offered t<> the 
SHHP public, or can show .neb positive financial results. More than I ,<><)< l acres 
^■^Manted under contract with us in vineyards, now In beating, ir, tv> en-.y different 
States and Canada Sales were made from some of theselaat year amuantfiigto 
more than 81,000 per acre. In quality, productiveness, vigor, hardiness, 
iaB and beauty of bunch combined, it (<u rtn rtrar. fl? belts* zero the past winter 
has not injured Niagara buds in open vineyards. Now for sale unrestricted fus the 
Ej first time, at the low price of 8"d.lKl each, sent postpaid. Every Niigata vine has 
a le nd - on I attached. stamped without registered trade -[Lark— see facsimile. 
■ PLANT- -I PIM IEI* FOK WMA \RD> ( Mil K i ON- 
TRACT, 10 bo PAID for FROM PROM CT of ihc \ ines. 
Circulars free. ? Address NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE CO., L0CKP0RT. N.Y. 
100.00 
The proportion may vary somewhat, but 
not enough to have auy effect on the practical 
results. We have here 87.50 parts of water, 
and 12 5U parts of solids. If we could save all 
the solids with a fair proportion or water, we 
ought to get about 18 pounds of cheese out of 
10b pouuds of milk. But we do uot want more 
thau about one-half of one part of the sugar. 
Much more would make too much acid, and 
spoil the cheese. When the cheese is cured, 
we want only about 3}.^ parts of the water 
left. If there is more, the cheese will be too 
soft. When we have got rid of 84 parts of the 
water, and 4>£ parts of the sugar, we have 1 1% 
parts of the milk left; and if nothing were 
lost, we should have 11>£ pounds of cured 
cheese. But, we lose a fraction of albuminous 
matter, called * oziega” by tbe Germans, which 
renuot will not coagulate. But acid will co¬ 
agulate it, aud we may find it in the whey-vat 
after the whey gets very sour. Generally it 
floats ou the top with a small amouutof butter, 
which possibly cluug to it and was carried 
away with it. We ought to save all the ash, 
as it contuius the phosphates of the milk—the 
principal of which is the phosphate of lime— 
so essential to digestion. This we do save by 
whut is known as the “sA-eet curd” process; 
but much, if uot uli of it, is lost by the acid 
process—now practiced by few, eveu of 
its advocates. Now for the purpose of separ¬ 
ating the solids from the water, aud getting 
rid of the excess of sugar, tbe rennet is added 
to coagulate the milk—uothing else has been 
found to do this work so well. We add 
rennet enough, as experience with the partic¬ 
ular preparation which we use has taught us, 
to produce coagulatiou in a given time, ac¬ 
cording us we want a rapid curing and short- 
keepiug cheese, or a slow-curing and long- 
keeping one. I prefer that coagulation shall 
not begin under 20 minutes; for some reason, 
it gives a firmer, nicer curd thau more rapid 
coagulation. If the coagulation begins in 20 
minutes, the curd should be cut at the eud of 
40 or 45 minutes from the time of setting. But 
no rule as to time can be given. I have cut 
such a curd at the eud of 80 minutes, with 
good results. All depends upon its condition, 
aud the cheese-maker must be the judge of 
this. 
8 TO lO FEET. 
White Maple ami Blue Ash, at *'0.00 per WO. 
Blueberries, 75 cents for two dozen; $1 75 per 100; 
$13.00 per 1.00U. 
Russian Currants, $3.00 per dozen. 
F. W. KENYON. 
Sebewn, Ionia Co . Alicli. 
100,000 Peach Trees (budded ou Tennessee pits, flue 
healthy trees). 
150 000 Grape Vines (leadini; old and new varieties). 
125,000 Marlboro Raspberry Plants (latest and best). 
75,000 JUnscl! M •• 
200.0CC Cuthbert “ ** 
500,OCO Strawberry Plants (all the best varieties). 
Also, a larite stock of Apple, Pear, Cherrv. Plum, 
andoiber Fruit and ornamental Trees. Current 
Bushes aud all Small Fruit a Seud for Price Lists. 
Address GEO. W. HAWKINS, 
F. O. Box 314. Nrwburgb, N. Y. 
DAKOTA RED 
SEED POTATOES 
GROWN FOR TWO YEARS FROM SELECT STOCK, 
large yielder; good keeper; fine flavor. Yielding 
2,558 pounds from one pound. 
UT" Send for wholesale price. 
W. L. EASTMAN, 
OVID, Seneca, Co., N. Y 
Fully equal to the 
best “haml-gath- 
ered,’’ at less cost. 
The closest examin¬ 
ation invited. Sam¬ 
ples upon application. 
A. WHITNEY A CO., 
Bingbauituu, N. Y. 
IBID INGEE & CONARD CO’S 
• BEAUTIFUL EVER-BLOO.UENi; 
Our Great Specialty is growim ‘ I* “ 
ROSkS vs deliver strong Put ....,n. r 
tm#»lu;« bloom, safely hy mail at alt Poet Offices. 
nc and distributing 
Plaids^uitable for 
5 Splendid Varieties,7,.urr.v „oil inbeltwd.Tor 
81; 12 for S3; 35 forgo; 1 DO for S13. Also 
OTHER VARIETIES 7.3, JEID FOB ft 1 
according to vulae. Send for our New Guide, 76 pp 
elegantly illus. and choose from over500 finest sorts 
Address*THK DIN 1JEE dfc CONAKD-CO., 
Rose Growers, \> esc Grove, Chester Co" Pa. 
PERCHES FOR POULTRY, 
Routed Cull iiigs of this delightful plant, nicely 
packed In moss and sent toau.v address hy mall, post¬ 
paid, on receipt of title, per dozen; 81. for two doz¬ 
en- 81.50 for three dozen. Ac. Send for our retail 
descriptive price-list aud choose your varieties. Par¬ 
ties desiring by the UUyr u»*) should send Tor our trade 
list, iu both of which are short directions for plant 
lug.&c, THUS. F. SEAL, OulonvtUe. Chester Co ,Pa. 
The question was asked in a late Rural 
why the perches for fowls should be over IS 
inches high aud less than three inches broad 
aud rounded over the edges. In my opinion 
no valid reason can be given for them to be 
otherwise. My method ot arranging nests 
and perches, is to make, 15 inches from the 
lloor, a platform of matched boards, three or 
four boards wide and eight to ten feet long, 
ou which l make two perches, tbe front one 
six inches from the platform and the back 
one 12 inches, using two by three-inch fence 
rails, rounded somewhat ou the upper side. 
Under the platform 1 place the nest boxes. I 
make the perches so as to be easily takeu 
down aud out-of-doors, to be cleansed from 
vermin, if uecessary. Walter f. taber. 
Dutchess Co , N. Y. 
General Advertising Rates of 
TH3 RURAL NEW - YORKER. 
The following rates are Invariable. All arc there¬ 
fore respectfully informed that any correspondence 
tcith a view to obtaining different terms will prove 
futile. 
Ordinary Advertisements, per a.-ate line 30 cents. 
One thousand lines or more.within one Year 
from date of first Insertion, per agate line, 25 “ 
Yearly orders occupying i or more lines 
agate space .. .25 •* 
Preferred positions ..25 per cut. extra. 
Reading Notices, ending with "Adv," per 
line, mlntoo leaded.,.... 75 cents. 
SWEET CORN 
FOH SEED. 
* a ?. lce Evergreen Sweet Corn for 
Field Planting and Fodder. I will sell at $1.50 per 
bushel in now bags, at 90 cents each Also some nice 
Alaike Clover. Send yourorders now. 
Address \V. K. SHAKFFER. 
Lockport, N. Y. 
A NEW DEPARTURE. 
FLOWER AND GARDEN SEEDS 
Delivered in any part of the Unled States at cata¬ 
logue price. 
f. e. McAllister, 
SEE I> 1MERC11 ANT, 
*49 & 31 Fulton St., NEW YORK. 
Catalogues mailed ou application. 
£!}C Sunnf-l)m) 
Terms of Subscription. 
The subscription price of the Rcaa.l New York;r Is: 
Single copy, per year.... $2.00 
“ “ Six months.....1.10 
Great Britain, Ireland, Australia and 
Germany, per year, post-paid.$S,CU (12*. 6d.T 
France. ... 8.04 t leu* fr ) 
French Colonies. 4.03 *291* fr.) 
Any one sending a club of seven Is entitled to one 
copy, one year free. 
Agents will be supplied with canvassing outfit on 
application. 
BIG FURNITURE, 
\\ e find that the Wyandottes are faithful 
sitters and careful, assiduous mothers. 
COL. F. D. CURTIS, 
There is too much pig pen and uot enough 
pig pasture. A pig yard is a sort of compro¬ 
mise, and is a good substitute in Summer for 
the peu or sty; but a poor exchange for the 
field where the pig can get the green grass 
and enjoy the fresh earth. The pig is an out¬ 
JOHNSON GRASS SEED 
Have auy of our readers had experience 
with the Crested Golden-spangled Polish fowls? 
The best Grass grown; Urge yields per acre. Will 
grow wherever corn will. Can be cut In most sec¬ 
tions three times, In others six to nine times per an¬ 
num. WeU liked by all kinds of stock. 
Send for pamphlet. 
„ , „ , HERBERT POST, 
Formerly Postburgh.) Wei mu. Dullua Co., Ala. 
In what respects are Laqgshaus superior to 
the Black Cochins? 
Entered at the Post office at New York Cl*y, N. Y 
as second-class mail matter. 
i 
