4885 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
4.6318 “ potash (S ,05c.233 
3.2687 “ phosphoric acid & .08c.261 
SI,886 
It appears from the above that the food 
consumed by the three cows in three days 
was worth, as a manure to spread directly 
upon the land, $1.88; or, in other words, it 
would have cost $1.88 to have purchased the 
same amount of plant food in the form of fer¬ 
tilizers. Numerous experiments in Germany 
show that cows in milk take from their food 
about 20 per cent, of its manurial value. 
Deducting this (37c.) from the above, we have 
$1.51 as the value of the manure of three cows 
for three days, or a value of 16 7 9c. per cow 
per day. It will be noticed that the cows 
selected for the experiment were above the 
average in weight, and that they were fed 
liberally. 
The next question is as to the profit or loss 
The results show that the value of the food 
O Pump 
HAY MOW. 
Ertends to bottom of cellar 5 feel 
below sill. 
Cistern 
Storage for tools. 
seuts the first floor, showing the cow stable, 
horse stalls, box stall, harness room and po¬ 
sition of the pump. Figure 2 shows the ar¬ 
rangement of the cellar; the figures at the 
sides indicate the measurements. This barn 
will contain S3 tons of bay and accomodate 14 
head of cattle, and three horses—enough stock 
pound, that being the value of id to the Uni¬ 
versity in the barn after it is milked. Ordi¬ 
narily, milk is worth for the purpose of manu¬ 
facturing butter and cheese l}^e. per pound. 
Reckoned by this price, the value of milk and 
manure, less cost of feed, would be $4.27. The 
cost of the food to produce one pound of milk 
(Entomological. 
pit ftrdjilcclurc. 
A GOOD BARN. 
The barn shown at Figure 167 is suitable 
for a farm cutting about 85 tous of hay. The 
arrangement of the interior will be found to 
combine mauy desirable points, such as a 
THE CATTLE GAD-FLY-(ESTRUS 
BOVIS. 
Fig. 160. 
Fig. 16L 
Fig. 163. 
The Warble Fly (CEstrus bovis) is a two- 
wiuged fly, upwards of half-an inch in length, 
not unlike a Humble 
Bee, as 8 ^ own at Fig. 
I®}- The face is yel- 
lowisli; the body, he¬ 
ft f tweeulthe wings, yel- 
TT lowisli before, black 
Fig 160 behind, and the ab¬ 
domen whitish at the 
base, black in the middle, and orange at the 
tip. The head is large; the wings brown; and 
the legs black or pitchy, with lighter feet. 
The female has a long ovipositor or egg- 
laying tube; but whether the egg is laid on 
the skin or placed in its substance is not plain. 
The egg is oval und white, with a small 
brownish lump at one 
eud. The maggot (Fig, 
161) is oval, legless, and f I g J 
headless. At first it is ' 
smooth, and is supposed Fig. 16L 
to lie in the bide with¬ 
out doing harm. At its first moult it changes 
its skin for one which is rough (Fig. 162) 
with bands or patches of 
minute prickles. These pro- 
—r y, vj/ duce irritation, and an ulcer- 
ated swelling forms, which is 
3 known as a “warble,” a sec- 
Fig. 162. tion of which is shown at 
Fig. 163. The tail-end of the 
grub pierces the thin upper part of the boil¬ 
like swelling, and thenceforward the maggot 
^ X\\ v--. lies with its 
black-tipped tail 
—-’ ;( r at the opening 
/^e<r< in the hair, and 
1 its head down in 
^ the sore. This 
position is neces- 
Fig. 163. sary, for its 
breathing pores are in two semicircular spots 
at the eud of the tail; and if these “spiracles” 
are choked the maggot dies. The perpetual 
irritation kept up by the prickles causes a 
flow of pus, ou which the maggot feeds. This 
sore gradually advances before the mouth-end 
of the maggot, till when it is full sized (in the 
Spring at ter it is hatched) It. may be found 
lying, somewhat bent, in a cell more than an 
inch long, which when the hide is takeu off, 
may be seen protruding from the back. 
When the maggot is full-grown it is about 
an inch long aud dark gray; it presses itself 
out of the opening, tail foremost, and falls to 
the ground, where it finds some shelter, either 
in the ground or under a stone or clod, where 
it changes to a chrysalis. The chrysalis is 
dark brown or Hack, much like the maggot 
in shape, only flatter on one side; and from 
this browu husk the Warble Fly comes out in 
about three or four weeks. This fly is preva¬ 
lent all over the United States, but is much 
worse in the less settled portions, especially in 
the timbered regions. 
There is no difficulty in getting rid of the 
maggots when full grown, as they can be 
readily squeezed out, the operator having 
slightly enlarged the opening, when necessary, 
with a very sharp knife. It has been recom¬ 
mended by some to pierce the grub iu the 
warble, or touch it with a little mercurial 
ointment; but this should never be done, as 
the dead rnuggot would decay and make a 
much worse sore than if allowed to live. 
When numerous, the pests are very annoying 
to the cattle, and are a great drain upon the 
system. By far the best way is to prevent 
the laying of the eggs in Summer and Autumn 
—from Juuo to September. This cun be done 
by smearing the backs of the animals with a 
mixture of one quart of curriers' oil, ono 
quart of grease from frying meat, one quart of 
pine tar, and half-a-pound of sulphur, all melt¬ 
ed aud mixed together and allowed to cool. If 
the stock have been neglected, and the eggs 
have been laid they can be killed in the early 
Fall by apply iugau oiutmeutmudeof one quart 
of pork fat, well salted, oue pint of kerosene, 
one quart of coal tar, and one- fourth of a 
pound of mercurial ointment. This should be 
applied and rubbed well iuto the animal's 
back, and at that time the maggots will be so 
small as to be readily absorbed without mak¬ 
ing a sore. The cuts are re-engraved from 
the Agricultural Gazette, England. 
great capacity for the easy storage of hay, 
plenty of stable room, etc. The building is 
54 feet long and 50 feet wide, having 20-foot 
Barn. Fig. 157. 
posts. There is a drive-way cross-wise three 
feet above the sill The floor is 14 feet wide, 
leaving spaces 20 feet on each side, one for a 
“tie up,” the other for hay. The hay mow 
goes to the bottom of the cellar, five feet be¬ 
low the sill. This gives an enormous capacity 
HAY MOW 
Barn Floor 3 feet above SHI. 
Fig. 164. 
The market value of the food in the bam 
was as follows: 
122 pounds clover bay @ $800 per ton, $0,488 
41 “ corn stalks @ $4 00 “ “ .082 
45 ** cotton seed meai, $26 00 per 
ton. 583 
42 pounds corn meal ® 26 ft) per ton.316 
42 “ malt sprouts ® $14 00 per ton.294 
$1,995 
Total value of food consumed by three 
cows in three days, 15 pounds cut corn, 
stock bedding w $4.00.09 
$2,085 
Cost of food and bedding, per cow. per 
day.23 l-6c. 
The composition of the cows' food is com¬ 
puted from a table published by Dr. Emil 
Wolff, in 1875, as follows: 
7.7338 pounds nitrogen ® 18c .$1,392 
man (Halic character) or French; the writ¬ 
ing must be distinct, and on one side of the 
paper only. It i3 desired that the length of 
the essay may not exceed six sheets of printed 
octavo. Each manuscript is to be signed 
with a motto; the name and address of the 
author are to be given in a sealed envelope 
bearing the motto outside. The essays are to 
be sent on or before October 1, 1885, to any of 
the undersigued jHdges. 
A prize of £500 will be awarded for the best 
essay treating of the same subjects on the basis 
of new experimental researches made by the 
author himself. The essays must fulfill the 
conditions already mentioned. They may be 
sent to any of the following judges on or be¬ 
fore January t, 1887. 
The Committee of Judges consists of the 
following agricultural chemists: 
Germany.—Prof. Paul Wagner. Director of 
the Agricultural Station at Darmstadt. 
England.—R. Warrington, Esq., Agricult¬ 
ural Laboratory, Rothamsted, St. Albans, 
Herts. 
United States of America.—Vacant. 
France—Prof. L. Grandeau. Director of 
tbe Agricultural Station, and Dean of the 
Faculty of Natural Philosophy at Nancy. 
Belgium.—Prof. Petermann, Director of the 
Royal Agricultural Station at Gembloux. 
Holland.—Prof. Adolf Mazer, Director of 
the Agricultural Station of the State at Wa- 
geningen. 
Russia.—Prof. L. Thoms, Director of the Ag¬ 
ricultural Station at the Polytechnical Insti¬ 
tution at Riga. 
‘flftigcellcmefiws. 
-- - 
Plan of Barn. Fig. 158. 
for hay, for a barn of its size. Fig. 1 repre- 
culls U l Lieu a LIU Ul l Lie ucuuuig uacu was 
for the three days. 
Value ot manure produced.$1.50 
“ “ milk •• ...7.125 
Value of milk and manure, less cost of food, 
$6.55. The milk is reckoned at 2Me. per 
CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Delo’s Staples, West Sebena, Ionia Co., 
Micb. — A price-list of blueberries, Pekin 
Ducks and Brown Leghorns. 
R. G. Chase & Co., Geneva, N. Y.— A val¬ 
uable treaties on Transplanting and After¬ 
culture. Free. 
R. B. Mitchell & Co., 69 Dearborn St., 
Chicago, Ills.—An illustrated price-list of all 
sorts of poultry, including Langshans, Black. 
White, Buff and Partridge Cochins: Light 
and Dark Brahmas: Black aud Mottled Javas; 
Plymouth Rocks; White and Brown Leghorns; 
White faced Black Spanish; the Hamburgs 
oad Poiiot; Hon dans and Wvandottes. Send 
for the catalogue. 
to cousume 50 tons of hay. 
Waldo Co., Me. 
F. K. LANE. 
farm Camotmj. 
FARM MANURES.—III. 
PROF. L P. ROBERTS. 
In March, 1884, the three cows standing 
nearest the door were found to weigh, after 
being fed and watered, as follows: 
Half-blood Holstein. 1.895 pounds. 
. . 1.120 “ 
Common cow... 1,060 “ 
3,575 pounds. 
Average weiubt.1,1912-3 “ 
These young cows had been giving a liberal 
quantity of milk during the Winter, and were 
in good flesh. The kind of food and the quan¬ 
tity also, so far as we could judge, were the 
same as had been fed during the Winter. The 
throe cows consumed in three days: 
Clover hay.........122pounds. 
Corn stalks ... 41 
Cotton-seed meal.45 “ 
Corn meal . 42 
Malt sprouts... 42 '* 
Cut eoru stalks (bedding) .45 *• 
337 pounds. 
It appears that each cow consumed daily 
18 1-9 poundsof corn stalks and hay, aud 14 1-3 
pounds of ground food. 
The weight of the manure from tbe three 
cows for the three days was 802 pounds. The 
yield of milk for the same time was 285 pounds, 
or an average of 312-3 pouuds per cow per 
day. 
Milk produced, per cow, per day, 31 2 3 pounds. 
Manure •• ‘. mi i-9 •* 
120 7 9 pounds. 
Bedding and food used per cow, 
per day.374-9 pounds. 
Apparent amount of water per cow. 
per day.88 8 9 
120 7-9 
Without doubt the amount of water con- 
was $0,007, or a shade less than .Ol^c. per 
quart. 
SUMMARY. 
Value of food and bedding one cow, one 
day. .. 28 1 6c. 
Manure made by one cow,one day 891-9 pounds. 
Value of manure by cn? cow. one day . .16 ?-9e. 
Yield or mi Ik by oue cow, one day 312-3 pounds. 
Value •’ ** .. “ “ at 
2UO. per pound .....792e, 
Value of milk by one cow,one day.at 
per pound ..475c. 
Value of food to produce one pound of 
milk .......007c. 
Value of food to produce oue quart of 
milk... .014c. 
The reader is at liberty to make such 
changes in the prices of milk, nitrogen, etc., 
as he sees fit, and then draw his own conclu¬ 
sions. I have placed such prices upon them 
as, in my judgment, seem just and proper. 
Nitrogen may be worth far more in one form 
than in another, so the value of milk to the 
producer varies much with locality aud cir¬ 
cumstances. 
■» * » - 
PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF NI¬ 
TRATE OF SODA AS MANURE. 
The Committee of the Saltpeter Produc¬ 
ers’ Association on the West coast of South 
America (Comitd Salitrero at Tgrigue, Chilil 
offers £1,000 ($4,866' in prizes for essays on the 
use of nitrate of soda as manure. Of this 
amount a prize of £500 will be awarded for 
the best popular essay showing the import¬ 
ance of nitrate of soda as a manure,and the best 
mode of employing it. The essay, in its theo¬ 
retical part, is to treat of the effect of nitrate 
of soda on vegetatiou, as compared with other 
manures containing nitrogen, and should ex¬ 
hibit the present state of kuowledge on this 
point. In its practical part the essay is to 
give directions for the use of nitrate of soda iu 
the various conditions of plant-culture. Refer¬ 
ences and quotations aud purely scientific 
explanations, if necessary, are to appear as 
notes. 
The essay.may.be written in English, Ger- 
James L. Connolly, the Brooklynite, who 
advertised quack nostrums under the name of 
Dr. J. A. Lawrence, and whose mail was 
stopped by the Brooklyn postmaster on the 
ground that tbe fellow was using the U. S. 
mail for fraudulent purposes, had the impu¬ 
dence to sue the postmaster for $5,000 damages 
for detaining his mails, and to get out an in¬ 
junction to prevent him from sending the 
letters to the Dead Letter Office. The U. S. 
Attorney-General has ordered the District 
Attorney to defend the suit for the Govern¬ 
ment. and the trial will come off on May 6. 
The Post Office seized upon over 200 registered 
letters, and over 2,000 ordinary letters, besides 
about $S00 in money. Probably three times 
this amount was inclosed in the letters. The 
postmaster refused to deliver them ou the 
ground that the address was fictitious and 
fraudulent; that there was no such person as 
Dr. Williams, and that Connolly was using 
the U. S. mails with the intention to defraud. 
A certificate widely circulated by Counolly, 
assumed to testify that the nostrums had 
cured Lamb of the Post Ofliee. Lamb says the 
thiug is a bare-faced forgery. Tbe falsity of 
many other advertised testimonials is also 
capable of demonstration. A profitable bus¬ 
iness tbis quack advertising—isn't it* 
A swindle of a very extensive nature has 
just been exposed in Boston, and, as usual, the 
victims belonged chiefly to the agricultural 
community. *• The American Cooperative 
Dairymen's Association' 1 was the chief name 
it used, and under which it obtained a charter 
on May 24, 1884, under tne laws of West Vir¬ 
ginia, which are very conveniently lax for 
swindlers, as they do not require the payment 
of any part of the capital stock of a concern 
chartered,before the certificate of organization 
is issued. The charter was issued to Daniel 
Baker, John J. Conuolley, and Osmer W. 
Roper, of Chelsea, George D. Morse, of Wor¬ 
cester, Charles A. Williams, of Chelsea, aud 
W. Harris, ostensibly of Chelsea; Daniel 
Baker being President, aud James W. Harris 
Secretary. The same people also carried on 
the same sort of business under the firm names 
of A. F. Low &Co., and Allen, Morse.&.Co,, 
