1885 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
847 
exhausted, as the sprouts eome from them. 
Or you can grub them out when not too 
numerous. 4. By stripping the bark oil’ as 
soon as cut, and thoroughly seasoning before 
setting, it will make very good fence posts— 
better than white or yellow cedar. 
Z. N., Hastings, N. Y .—I have only barn¬ 
yard manure for potatoes; what is the best 
way to apply it? 
Ans.— Fresh barn-yard manure is not a very 
desirable application for potatoes, but it is 
better than nothing. By all means apply and 
work it thoroughly into the ground. *We 
should say apply, and plow at least twice after¬ 
ward. If applied heavily, and the field is 
cropped with corn, it makes a good prepara¬ 
tion for a succeeding potato crop. 
H r . II. A., Richmond, Mich., sends a sam¬ 
ple of oats which agents thereabouts are 
selling for $10 a bushel, and asks what they 
are worth. 
ANs.—They are the Chinese Hull css and 
worth no more than any other outs. Tae ob¬ 
jection is, tho grain “shells out,” while the 
plants do not yield as heavily as many other 
varieties. This humbug, or fraud, has been 
denounced three times within a year in the 
“Eye-opener.” 
./. (J. 0., Somerset, AT;/.—lu the Spring of 
1881 I seeded 10 acres with Orchard Grasi - , 
but owing to the drought it did not got large. 
It is nowstartlug nicely; what will be the 
best treatment for it—to mow or pasture? 
A.vs —It will be best to mow it first, at the 
same time that Had Clover is cut, and then 
pasture. When to be pastured during the 
whole seasou, it should be fed off early and 
kept cropped quite close, otherwise it gets 
tufty, coarse and woody. 
E. S. R Syracuse, N. Y .—How should 
milk, water-lime, salt, etc., be made into a 
paint for barns, etc. ? 
Ans -Mix the lime and skimmed milk togeth¬ 
er to the consistency of good white wash adding 
a little salt It may be colored by the addi¬ 
tion of chrome yellow, brown umber, or 
common green vitriol, which makes a light 
brown. 
E. R. R. Taunton , Mass .—Where can I ob 
tain bolted or blauketed cattle? 
Ans —There ure no regular breeders of this 
kind of stock. They are very plentiful in 
Orange Co. N. Y. aud no doubt it would pay 
you to go over mere and see them before pur¬ 
chasing. They have a reputation as excellent 
dairy cows. 
W. II. O., Montague, N. J .—In harrowing 
corn after it is up, would the Acme harrow 
bo a good tool? 
ANS.—No. Auyoue who has seen an Acme 
work rnustku > w it does its work too thorough¬ 
ly for such it nould cut the corn all to 
pieces, roc i nud branch. Some style of the 
slanting tcOtb harrows should be used. 
./. .1 , Cassville, Wis ,—Are Hjlsteins and 
Holland cattle the same? 
Ans, —Holstein, Holland and Dutch Frie- 
sians are all one uud the same cattle, aud an 
effort is baiug made to agree ou some uame to 
designate the whole race. 
DISCUSSION. 
H L W., Geneva, N. Y. —In the Rural 
of April 25, B. F. Johnson, in speaking of 
abortion in milch cows, appears to attribute it 
to arrested development of the foetus in conse¬ 
quence of iusulliciout uutrltiou, which is due 
to the demauds made ou the animal's system 
to assimilate food enough to sustain life, give 
milk, aud supply muterial for the growth of 
the foitus. I have little doubt but this drain 
ou the system often contributes towards abor¬ 
tion; but it seems to me that too much im¬ 
portance is attached to it, not only in the case 
of cows but of other animals also. Thu aver¬ 
age weight of Cftlvos at birth is, say ,110 poun is; 
the average period of gestation 285 days, so 
that the draught made on tbo system by the fa? • 
tus would be considerably less than two ounces 
a day. Moreover, fat cows are even much 
more liubletoslip their calves than those that 
are lean. At this season wheu abortion among 
cows is generally unusually prevalent, special 
attention should bo called to the causes and 
preventives of this mishap. There are two 
forms: one is sporadic, and may be due to ac¬ 
cidental circumstances, or to some particular 
condition of the animal, herd or locality: the 
other attacks a large number at the same 
time or one after another, and this is infec¬ 
tious. iiaviug once attacked a member of a 
herd, this form will go right through it, unless 
tho infected uuirnal is at once isolated. 
Fresh cows driven ou to an infected pasture 
or into an lufeeted stable will be attacked. 
Various causes produce sporadic abortion, 
such as sudden changes in the weather; bad 
or indigestible food, or food iujurod by the 
presence of fungous growths, as mold, smut, 
rust, or ergot, especially the hitter, which is 
quite common on timothy, foxtail, rye, etc. 
Very tich food readily causes congestion of 
the uterus and looseniug of the placenta which 
is discharged along with the foetus. Drink- 
iag cold water, and eating such succulent 
food asmaugelsand turnips iu large quantity, 
have also produced abortion, probably by low¬ 
ering unduly the temperature of the fo.-tus, 
Driukiugfoul water is a frequent cause.and un¬ 
usual muscular exertiou as well as a cramped 
position of the dam often leads to this mishap. 
Any unusual nervous excitement or fear, the 
preeence of other cows iu heat, the violent 
strain of leaping or being leaped on. aud in¬ 
juries from the horns of companions are all 
frequent causes of abortion. In addition to 
these external causes, the internal causes in¬ 
clude excessive fatness of the internal organs; 
excessive stimulation of the milk organs; and, 
mo 3 t common of nil, lung diseases, fevers, 
constitutional weakness, scrofula, and disease 
or lack of vigor iu the male from over-work. 
All these causes should be carefully avoided. 
I have known several herds in which no 
abortion has ever occurred; but, then, the 
owners were skillful and careful farmers. If 
abortion threatens, injections of one to two 
drams of laudanum every half hour, have 
proved beneficial; so have three-dram doses 
of chloroform given hourly. Doses of two 
drams of camphor or asafoetida, given every 
hour, have also prevented abortion. If there 
is any straining give frequent doses of opium, 
belladonna and chloral, or other antispas- 
modics. In-calf stock should be kept quiet.; 
no blood or decomposing, bad smelling re¬ 
fuse should be allowed in the yards or pasture; 
ergoted or mildewed fodder should be kept 
at a distance; tbo animals should not have 
access to yew or other resinous leaves or 
twigs, as the eating of these is injurious The 
stalls should be comfortahle and not inclined 
too much backward. Isolate immediately any 
cow that has aborted, and keep her apart 
until all discharge hasgoue, and wash her well 
with carbolic soap before restoring her to 
the herd. Bury the foetus promptly. Cleanse 
and disinfect the place where it dropped, and 
do not allow any in-calf cows to approach it. 
Buru the litter, ami any other substance 
contaminated by the discharge from the ailing 
cow. Whoever attends an infected cow should 
not go uear the rest of the herd. 
The causes of contagious abortion are often 
mysterious; though it is, no doubt, due to 
bacteria or vegetable growth producing irri¬ 
tation or decomposition of the foetal mem¬ 
branes, resulting in abortion. The foetus gen¬ 
erally appears unexpectedly, from the third to 
the seveuth mouth, sometimes with the euvel- 
oping membranes, but oftener without them. 
Retained, they rapidly decompose aud produce 
blood poisouing, while often the escaping parts, 
loaded with infectious germs, infect the ma¬ 
nure and, through it, the stable, yard, aud 
even thosoiL To prevent contagion affecting 
the rest of the herd, the whole stable should 
be thoroughly disinfected by liberally swill¬ 
ing the floor with carbolizsd water, and giv¬ 
ing each cow daily a dose of four drams of 
hyposulphite of soda for 18 days after the mis¬ 
hap. A cow mat has ouee a nor ted is likely to 
do so agaiu for three periods, even with the 
best of care. The best preventive is to give 
the suspected an i mu I u dose of asafoitida 
twice in one day, once a week, aud to use the 
carbolic solution liberally about the stable. 
HORTICULTURAL HALL EXHIBIT OF 
POTATOES. 
Ok the fifty-two specimens of potatoes ex¬ 
hibited for the Fertilizer premiums at the 
rooms of the Massachusetts Horticultural So¬ 
ciety iu Boston, last Fall, all were of excellent 
quality. In fact they were so nearly uuiform 
in siza and smoothness, it was di 111 Milt to de¬ 
cile which was the best specimen. It was one 
of the best exhibits of potatoes that has ever 
been made. It is claimed that the excellent 
quality of these potatoes, their uulfonn size 
and freedom from scab, was due to the Stock- 
bridge Fertilizer ou which they were raised. 
There is uo doubt but that this Fertilizer has 
been a great success on potatoes. It seems to 
make them grow quickly, and produces early, 
smooth and mealy potatoes. Probably the 
reason for this is that the Fertilizer not only 
contains a large amount of Potash aud Phos¬ 
phoric Acid, but a good amouut of Ammonia 
in two forms, one to act early in the Spring, 
and the other later in the season. A potato 
wants to grow quickly, and a lurtiltzor which 
will make them do this, aud also give a good 
quality and yield, is the surest aud most eco¬ 
nomical iu the end.—Acfe. 
Communications Rkckivud for tuk Week Ending 
Saturday, May 3. 1HSS. 
A it.—VV. W . do so. we believe you will like It-. - 
K. K, K. W. 11. P.-K. V. ii. G.-B. H. U.-D. M. J.- 
T. E. B. K. E. lleK.-Z. N. A. 8. E.-W. McD.-K, P. 
M. A. S.—.1. I’. B. K. I). K.-H, II.-A. S D. H., 
thanks.-J. T. C. W. tl. C.-P. It. M. -P. S. J. M. P. 
M. 11 U. -K. W. II. Mr#, V. H. H. .1 c. O.- K„ P. U. 
A. 8. E.—J A.-.N. J. 8.-W. II. H.—J. S. O., pleuse 
do. lbftUK».-J. K U E. A. B.-A, S.-W. 11. G.— 
8 . W. CL-ft, 8. R —ft. 8. P -W. A. S.-H. W -S. C. 
s. s, K. E. ,T, T. M , trees received. —J. S., plants 
received.—J, L, B„ thanks for plants.- 3. J. It. T. U. 
c. I.-F. B., we have all llie kinds of potatoes we 
can test this season. J M. P.-v. D. u., thanks; rather 
late. A tut Addle. M. O, S. — II. E, S.-W. H. c.-J, 
P -M. C.-P. J. P.-E. M. \V. U. 11. C.-B. B.-H.S. 
J, W. B.-C, A. i>„ thanks.—M. R.-1,. V. McC.—I U . 
B. -A. *M. W.-J, E. i.-W. 11. M.--U. A, U -E. W, J'" 
and glante. 
ill 
IHLS. 
IW 
Tie Oldest E 
stattislei M House ia Now W 
INVITES ATTENTION TO THEIR 
HIGH CLASS SEEDS. 
SEND FOR 'CATALOGUES. S 
J.M. Thorburn&C0.J0JohnS:NewYork. / 
550.000 CRAPE VINES 
SO Varieties. Also Small Fruits. Quality unsurpassed. Warranted true to name. Very 
cheap. Illustrated descriptive price list free. LEWIS ROESCH. Fredoai«, JV- V. 
1E NIAGARA 
WHITE CRAPE. 
The GREATEST SINCLE DISCOVERY 
ever made In HORTICULTURE on this continent. 
Nootber Grape haa ever been *0 tfloreuffftty laMMin being offeredto the 
) public, or can snow such p. «itive financial results. More than 1.000 acres 
planted under contract vnlh us in vineyard a. now ip bearing, in twenty different 
states and Canada Sales were made from wme of these last year amounting to 
mom than Ml, OOO per tier**. In r.uality. pp dueliveiie.s, vigor, hardiness, 
and beauty of bunch combined. »' • no rfivu. 28 below r.oro tae pigt winter 
has not injured Niagara buds in open vineyards. Now foraale unrestrictedforthe 
first time, at the low price of M2.0O each, writ poet paid. Every Niagara vine has 
a lead seal attached, stamped with oar registered (rude-mirk—Bee t*c -unde. 
PLANT'S SUPPLIED FOB VINEYARDS UNDER < ON- 
_ ■ TRAI T, to tic PAID for FROM PRODUCT of Ihe Vine*. 
Circulars free. ‘Address NIAGARA WHITE GRAPE C 0 . f LOCK.PORT', N. Y. 
$mptments; and parinnenj. 
AGENTS 
WANTED 
It Is the best selling 
tool on earth. 
PULVERIZING HARROW, 
Clod Crusher, 
and Leveler. 
The "AC>t K“ subjects the soli to the action of a Steel OrwaAer aud Lender, aud to the Cutting, TAftina, 
Turning process of DOUBLE GANG* Of C VST STEEL COULTERS, the pecuilnr shape and arrangement of which 
give immense culting potcer. Thu* th<* three operation* of eruehfng lump-, leer Huy off the ground and 
thoroughly puliyHeing the poll are jn-r/ormed at t>u. eriine time. The entire ,tb*enc* or Spike* or Spring Teeth. 
avoids pulling up rubbish. It is eene.HiUlv mt/ipteA to Inverted so.l and hard clay, where other harrows ut¬ 
terly fail; work* perfectly on light soil, and is the only Harrow that cuts over the entire turf ace of the ground. 
Variety of Size*, 4 to 15 Irri wide. - We deliver tree at onr distributing depots. 
DO NiOT BE DECKIVED. Don’t let dealers palm off a base imitation or some 
inferior tool under the assurance that it is better, but satisfy yourself by ordering an “ACME" 
on trial. We will send a double gang Acme to any responsible farmer in the United States, 
and if it does not suit, he may send it back, we paying return freight. Wo don't ask pay until 
tried on his owu Turin. 
Send for Pamphlet containing Thousands of Testimonials from 48 different States aud Territories. 
BRANCH OKKlCKt M oc L jP. Dv/tfUa* Mancfactomy and Phinpipal Office: 
HARRisuritG, pa. lid&n oc aroiner, millington. nsw jersey. 
N.B.—“TILLAGE IS MANURE and otueu Essays,” sent free to parties who NAME THIS PAPER. 
STROWBRIDGE SOWER 
BROAD 
Sows all grains, grass seeds, plaster, skit, as-he-a, 
commercial fertilizer* — everything requiring 
broadcasting—any quantity per acre, better and 
faster than any other method, SAVES SEED 
by sowing perfectly even. .Vot c %feet+i wind, M 
need Is not thrown upwards. Saw* half or full 
.cast, ou tsUtor or both rules of wagon, Readily 
>ttiK!l)cd to iiuy wagon or cart without Injury, and 
limed wherever Uwy can he driven. Ijtsta n life, 
-time. SowsH?acres wheat i*er day. Crop one. 
when drilled. Only perfect 
juort accurate agricultural 
in the world. Endorsed and recoin 
tr.crslisl by Agricultural oollegt**and be«tfarmerr 
BEST CHEAPEST S MPLEST 111 rs - Folly warranted—perfectlysimple. Do 
CIILMI LO I. OlllirLLOI. „ ol be put uff with n.g other. Send at 
C m s/ann mm m once foe new free illustrated catalogue .with 
• if « hJ U rt V\, ivldnaBcl full Information and hundreds of testimonials. 
SiACIMf RKiKDER COaOPAMY. 104 FOURTH 8T.- OKR MrtTVPk TAW* 
WILLSON’S SPRING WHIFFLETREES. 
No more luvaklin; hArn<'*s or am sudden or hard Jerking to Injure anything. There is not 11 stronger 
or better Wh lllle tree mu tie. 
No. 1 for common size horse*, price GAOii per pair. No. 2 tor medium size horses, price #A10 per pair. 
No. 3 for largest size horses, price JS.25 per pair. 
Sent r. O. I>. with privilege of examining before buying. Try these Trees, if nftcr.uslng you are not suited 
l will refund your money. Agent* wanted. Scud tor circular. 
J KUO UE POTTER, lien’l Agent. Tiverton Four Corners. R. I. 
BOOKWALTER ENGINES 
UPRIGHT AND HORIZONTAL, 
3 TO 10 HORSE POWER. 
OVER 3,000 IN SUCCESSFUL OPERATION. 
Illustrated Pamphlet sunt free. Address, 
JAMES LEFFEL & CO., Springfield, Ohio. 
Eastern Office: 110 Liberty St., New York. 
BARTLETT A DOW, ft- - sss sss oe-b SEED GROWERS 
LOW Mass. MILKING TUBES Dealers. 
For Minting rows with sore or Obstructed i'< u.«. Prlec ‘25c. Mailed to any address on receipt of price. 
PrscrtpOve t’lrculnr, and our SKK.n CATALOG OB for t»S5. fVee to aU. 
El>RAMPS IMPROVED BLOOD TURNIP REST, 
This Is the heat flavored, most uniform Mi shape, and the most profitable variety to raise for general crop 
pf anything now In the market, j’P v ry ( price per pound by mn'i, 73 cts.; per ounce, 3 cts.; wr packet. 5 cti, 
