Vol. XLIV. No. 1842. 
NEW YORE; MAY 16, 1885. 
PRICE FIVB CENTS. 
12.00 PER TEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Qoagress, in the year 18*. by the Rural New-Yorker in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.] 
dune. 
STABLE AND CARRIAGE HOUSE. 
f SMALL stable and carriage 
- house is shown at Fig. 178. It 
will accommodate two horses 
and one cow, and there is 
room for three vehicles on the 
first fioor, Fig, 171). The car¬ 
riage room is arranged with 
the entrance door at the end 
the proper surroundings. Under the most 
favorable conditions, at least two pounds of 
the best meadow hay, or an equivalent, to 
every 100 pounds of live weight, are needed to 
maintain mere existence, “to keep the tna- 
chiue running, 1 ’ and this ratio is greatly in¬ 
creased, by exposure to cold and storm, up to a 
point where the whole vital energy is not 
capable of digesting and assimilating sufficient 
food to supply the waste and maintain the 
necessary temperature, and the animal dies 
and our machine is lost. Not only this, but 
the animal’s ability to eat and digest, is les¬ 
sened by cold below a certain point, so that 
exposure works to the loss of the feeder both 
ways. 
When in stock feeding, an animal consumes 
only sufficient food to sustiin the wastes of 
the system, or when the surroundings are such 
as to require it to gorge itself with food to 
maintain heat, so that there be no gain in 
flesh; there is then no return for the food con¬ 
sumed except the manure made, and as the 
manure is never worth quite so much for fer¬ 
tilizing purposes as the food consumed, there 
is an absolute loss. It is only when we in¬ 
crease the food above this point or make the 
surroundings of such a nature as to cause a 
less drain upon the system, that we get a sur¬ 
plus and a profit; and the higher we force this 
surplus with an economical consumption of 
food, the greater will be the profit. 
We shall find also another fact in stock 
feeding—that the same amount of food will 
produce more results in warm than in cold 
weather, and that the keeping of the stock in 
warm barns in W inter has also the effect of 
diminishing the “existence ration,” and, what 
is of great importance, of giving us a greater 
and near one corner, so that 
on driving iu, there is plenty 
of room to unhitch and lead 
the horses into the stalls; the 
vehicle can then be readily 
baeked into its place against 
the rear wall where it is al¬ 
ways ready to be hitched to 
and driven out of the front 
carriage - room door. The 
poles or shafts of vehicles 
could be drawn up out of the 
way with cord and pulley. 
The doors of the carriage- 
room are hung, to slide on the 
inside. 
The shed, provided with a 
feed box, is convenient for 
driving into and feeding, 
without unhitching. B B in 
the harness room are feed 
bins, connected by spouts 
with large storage bius, as 
shown, on the second floor at 
Fig. 180. The second floor 
has a good-sized hay loft and 
a bed room. The hay racks 
fn horse and cow stables are 
supplied through chutes in 
hay passage at the rear of bed¬ 
room, thus leaving the hay 
loft free from all obstruc¬ 
tions, for storage of fodder, 
etc. T is a trap door with 
surplus. This fact has been 
demonstrated many times 
over, but more recently by 
Professors Shelton of Kansas 
and Sanborn of Missouri, in 
their experiments of feeding 
similar bunches of stock in 
warm, and in cold quarters: 
in every instance, those in 
warm quarters, while eating 
less food—except in weather 
so severe that those exposed 
lost appetite — made most 
gain. We have by our own 
experience demonstrated, to 
our entire satisfaction, that 
t is the bight of folly to ex- 
pect reasonable returns from 
- ' the feeding of any stock in 
open yards exposed to the 
.)■ ) severities of Winter. Webe- 
lieve that the Western stock- 
men, even with their cheap 
corn, lose more than enough 
Jw each Winter to pay 20 per 
cent, on tha cost of housing 
< every animal of their herds. 
We are aware that the prin¬ 
cipal elements taken from the 
food by the mature animal 
are the carbohydrates, and 
that these have but very little 
manuri&l value, and that in 
any case the excreta, solid 
STABLE AND CARRIAGE HOUSE 
an inclined chute to the horse 
stable for bedding; V V are ventilating ducts 
connecting the stables below with the ventila¬ 
tor on the roof for the purpose of keeping up a 
circulation of air when it is necessary to keep 
all doors closed in cold weather. The stables 
should be provided with gutters and traps to 
drain into manure pits outside the building. 
The design is by our friend D. I. Kuhn, Alle 
gheny Couuty, Pa. 
farm ifcxmonu}. 
HtuY*t Western §1. *(. Juvm £lotejs. 
WHERE WE FEED, AND WHY. 
In stock-feeding, whether our leading ob¬ 
ject be the making of manure or money, or 
both, three very important points demand 
consideration: first, the quantity of manure 
Lbut can be made; secondly, the quality of 
the manure we make, and, thirdly, the mak¬ 
ing of the manure at such a cost that the re¬ 
sulting increase of crops will pay a profit. 
Though these points are destinet and a volume 
might be profitably written on each, yet all 
hinge on the same starting point—u there to 
feed. 
We would seriously question the shrewdness 
of one who should erect some delicate machin¬ 
ery unhoused audsubject to the vicissitudes of 
wind, stoim and cold. There is no more 
delicate machinery, or any more sensitive to 
the injurious effects of the weather, than that 
of the animal organism which takes the raw 
material, eaten in the shape of food, and, 
digesting it, turns out the finished products, 
meat, milk, butter, wool and manure, and 
if we would have it run to the best advantage 
aud to a profit, we must look to it that it has 
Plan of First Floor. Fig. 179. 
Plan of Upper Floor. Fig. 180. 
and liquid, contain, and if 
properly applied, will carry to the land nearly 
the entire manurial value of the food consum¬ 
ed by the stock; but we are also aware that 
the storing up of these same carbohy¬ 
drates, together with more or less of albu¬ 
minoids, constitutes the fattening of the 
animals—the gain iu meat that is put on, or 
the milk or butter product, and that these 
contain the money value which we must re¬ 
ceive in order to produce our manure at a 
cost at which we can afford to apply it. It 
is therefore evident that if we would so care 
for our fattening stock that they will be 
able to eat and digest sufficient food that 
the surplus, in the form of salable products, 
will pay us a profit, we must place them in 
the most favorable conditions possible; and not 
only will these be found in barns, but the 
barns must be entirely frost-proof. 
A score of years’ experieuee with every 
class of stock has over and over again corrob¬ 
orated these propositions, aud we long since 
became convinced of the necessity of housing 
in warm, well ventilated barn* (not open 
sheds), all our stock, and were led to provide 
ample barns to accommodate even our store 
animals; the uniform health and thrift of our 
stock, and a reasonable profit, eveu in those 
exceptional years when ordinary teeders com¬ 
plain of a loss, have fully demonstrated the cor¬ 
rectness of our practice, and we now never 
think of such a thing as letting even a sheep 
run in the open air. 
In a word —the why we feed all our stock, 
even to the hogs and sheep, in frost-proof 
barns, is because we wish to make the largest 
possible amount of mauure, and we wish 
to realize the greatest profit in so doing; 
and our experience tells us that in the case 
of all animals eveu contentment and comfort 
have a cash value. 
