330 
fHE RURAL NEW-YORKER. I»AY 46 
even the place of their origin and the name 
of the originator are lost. Others usually 
accidental seedlings, are grown and become 
very popular, in their native localities, but are 
unknown a score of miles away. Among the 
latter class is a line apple from Oswego 
County, N. Y. Some 50 years ago Elijah 
Upton, near Sandy Creek planted some 
nursery stock and, one of the grafts failing to 
grow, the seedling-root sprouted up and was 
allowed to stand. The tree grew to a very 
large size and is still standing, healthy and in 
bearing condition. Years since a root be¬ 
came broken some 20 feet from the old tree; 
it sprouted and grew and has made a fine 
tree, and last year it bore several barrels of 
fine fruit. The tree is a good grower, rather 
spreading, very hardy and a good bearer. 
The fruit is uniform, of good size and fair. 
Mr. E. C. Upton sent us samples of this apple 
about the middle of March, and we had cuts 
made and show an average apple in Fig. 185. 
As will be seen, it is very large, a little coni¬ 
cal, or “pippin”-shaped, also slightly ribbed. 
Color greenish-yellow, thinly but uniformly 
covered with russet, nearly covered with a 
dull red, thickly splashed on the sunny side 
with a deeper shade; stem short (one-half inch 
long) very stout and a little curved, planted 
In a small, irregular cavity, of green color, 
entirely devoid of the shading of red; calyx 
small, entirely closed, the basin is small, 
quite deep and regular. The core, as is seen 
in the cross section, Fig. 186, is small, the 
seeds few and nearly all imperfect; flesh yel¬ 
low, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, spright¬ 
ly, sub-acid with a flavor slightly resembling 
that of the Westfield Seek-no further; quality 
very good. Eaten March 16th. Its season is 
said to be the same as that of the Greening, 
Mr. Upton writes us that it has been grafted 
on other trees to some extent; but so far as he 
knows, it is in the hands of no nurseryman. 
This is certainly a very promising apple. 
BEZI DE LA MOTTE PEAR. 
PBOF. J. L. BUDD, 
In 1847, Mr. C. M. Hovey gave this estimate 
of the above pear: “The Pom. Mag. (1830) 
states that it possesses all the good qualities of 
the White Doyennd. In some seasons, we have 
tasted specimens which were first-rate, while 
in the average of years, it will not come quite 
up to that character. A warm and dry season, 
like that of 1846, probably suits this variety 
better than a cool and wet one, as the fruit 
last year was excellent. ” The original home 
of this variety is Central Asia. It was brought 
into Eastern Poland in an early day under the 
name of Bieu Armudi, where it is yet a popu¬ 
lar variety. In the moist climate of the coast 
sections of Germany and France, and in Eng¬ 
land, its fruit is second-rate in quality, as it 
has proven around Boston and in Western 
New York; hence, probably the low estimate 
placed upon it by some writers. In the dry air 
of the Missisippi Valley, the quality always 
comes up to the estimate of C. Downing:— 
“Flesh white, very fine-grained, buttery, 
juicy, with a sweet, delicate perfumed flavor.” 
The form is shown at Fig. 184. It was intro¬ 
duced into Iowa by the Shakers at Salem, 
Henry County, when Iowa was a Territory. In 
some way, Mr. Henry Avery of Burlington re¬ 
ceived it as Crassane Bergamotte, under which 
name he marketed hundreds of bushels of fine 
fruit. In 1876, Mr, Downing’s attention was 
directed to the matter, and he promptly re¬ 
stored its true name. The old trees—reported 
to Mr. Downing to be 16 inches in diameter in 
1876—are still alive and producing as regular 
and abundant crops as any variety of the pear 
the owner has, at least, such was his report to 
the writer two years ago. 
Beyond reasonable doubt, this has proven 
the healthiest and hardiest variety, producing 
really good, fruit, yet fruited in Iowa, yet, 
strangely enough, I know of no trees for 
sale in Eastern or Western nurseries. I have 
spoken in back issues of the Rural of the 
Bergamottes of the Volga. Without doubt, 
the Bezi de la Mottc belongs to this oriental 
race, as it has the same texture of leaf and the 
same peculiar speckled, olive shoots. But it is 
a more southern variety of the race, and it 
will not bear a lower winter temperature than 
the Flemish Beauty. In rare cases, it shows 
traces of the twig blight, but I have not known 
it to prove fatal to a single tree. I hope that 
Eastern propagators will permit this pear to 
crowd out some of the really worthless French 
and Belgian varieties yet retained on their 
lists. 
farm Copies. 
A NOVEL FENCE. 
A Washington man, Mr. Byrnes, at the 
close of the war, made application for a 
datent for a fence which was “designed with 
a view to render unnecessary the digging of 
post holes and the employment of nails, and 
which would ndt necessarily involve the skill of 
a special mechanic to build it.” We show this 
fence at Fig. 181, page 331. The rails, instead 
of being supported by lying upon one another, 
like those of thB common country worm-fence, 
rest in notches in the battens or upright 
pieces, and are themselves notched and crossed 
between each pair of adjacent posts or battens, 
ingenuity of “inventors” in the line of far n 
conveniences, we do not by any means recom¬ 
mend these conveniences for adoption in every 
case; but each of them conveys suggestions 
which may be utilized in some part of the farm. 
This little gray beetle is becoming quite a 
pest in our greenhouses. As yet we have no 
evidence that the grub or larva is doing any 
harm. The roses in our greenhouses are the 
earth and stems of the plants, and their gray 
color is enough to conceal them. I find they 
frequently hide between a leaf and its stem 
The scientific name of the insect is Armagus 
Fulleri. a. J. cook. . 
The Nation's Step-mother. —The Breed¬ 
ers’ Gazette says; “The average cow yields 
about 4.50 gallons of milk a year, giving a 
total product of 0,750,000,000 gallons. Twelve 
cents a gallon is a fair price to estimate the 
value of this milk at, a total return to the 
dairy farmer of *S10,000,000. Fifty percent, 
of the milk is made into cheese and butter. 
It takes 24 pounds of milk to make one pound 
of butter, and about 10 pounds of milk for 
one pound of cheese. There is the same 
amount of nutrition in 3>£ pounds of milk 
that there is in one pound of beef. A fat steer 
furnishes 50 per cent, of beef, but it would re¬ 
quire about 24,000,000 steers, weighing 1,500 
pounds each, to produce the same amount of 
nutrition as the annual milk product.” Who 
says the cow is not the Nation’s Step-mother. 
SAMPLES AND COMMENTS. 
Our friend F. D. Coburn, at the Topeka 
meeting, gave the Short-horn breeders some 
very sensible advice, Ke said never breed 
from a narrow-chested animal, though it be 
a full blooded Duke or Duchess, or though it 
may have a pedigree 10 rods long. Never 
mind the pedigree, “ it’s the critter we 
want. ” Many a man has ruined his herd by 
crossing on round-ribbed, broad backed, 
heavy-hammed and healthy cows, a tbiu- 
chested, tuberculous, high-blood Bates bull, 
because ho was fashionable and cost a great 
price. Weed out faithfully not for color, but 
the thin-hipped, wheezy poor feeders and 
slow growers, even though you have to sacri¬ 
fice a Duke or Duchess—meat is what we want 
and not pedigree or color. Good advice, and 
it should be fully considered. 
Mr. Hovey regards the Hubbardston None¬ 
such as good in December, but it becomes 
light and punky in January and February. 
In a list of the best apples he puts the Bald 
win first, the Greening second, the Hubbarston 
Nonesuch perhaps third, the Russet fourth, 
and if he could raise the Northern Spy, he 
would put that in. Then there is the Mother, 
the Spitzenburg and three or four others, all of 
them A No. 1 apples... 
The Farmers’ Magazine tells of an Indiana 
dairyman who covers the cows with a horse- 
blanket or sheet while milking, thus prevent¬ 
ing the annoyance of flies and adding greatly 
to the comfortof the cows, which are otherwise 
continually engaged in battle with insects,... 
The Physicians’ and Surgeons’ Investigator 
advocates the more general use of buttermilk. 
Buttermilk is a true milk peptone, and with 
the exception of koumiss, is the most digestible 
milk product at our command. It is much 
employed in the treatment of diabetes, and 
often is the only food that cun be retained on 
the stomach in cancer of that organ or in 
gastric ulcer. It may often be prescribed 
successfully where we order a combination of 
milk and lime-water. 
Good Health says a house with a “pit of 
corruption” under it, has always some one sick 
in it. If the United States were an absolute 
monarchy, and we the monarch, an edict 
should be issued prohibiting the construction 
of vegetable cellars under dwellings. They 
are undoubtedly a cause of much disease aud 
many deaths......... 
Try Prof. Riley’s ice-water remedy for cab¬ 
bage worms I Nobody would suppose that the 
note was first published iu these columns from 
the way other journals publish it without 
credit. 
The Rural killed a Dana's Hovey Pear tree 
last Summer by repeated applications of the 
kerosene emulsion to destroy the scale insect. 
One year, a writer in Farm and Home had 
a crop of sweet corn wholly ruined by deep 
plowing between the rows in hot, dry weath¬ 
er. The com was almost iu tassel and the 
ears were beginning to show: but the corn 
wilted at once and stopped growing, and never 
recovered.......... 
He recalls the faot that it is the barren 
stalks in a field, which reduce the yield from a 
possible 100 bushels of shelled corn to 40 or 50 
or less. The selection of the best ears for seed 
has little if any effect to reduce the number 
barren stalks. Wo must destroy the tasseh 
of the barren stalks before they shed their 
pollen so that the remaining plants will be 
fertilized by fertile stalks...... 
So far, this season, as in years past, Alfalfa 
on the farm of the Kansas State College, has 
made the earliest growth, with Meadow Oat 
Grass and Kentucky Blue Gross respectively 
second and third, and Red Clover and Orchard 
Grass fourth and fifth iu the order of develop¬ 
ment. In two weeks but little difference will 
Upton Russet apple. (From Nature.) Fig. 185. 
in such a way as to be firmly interlocked so 
as to withstand great side force. 
The battens or posts A (Fig. 182, page 331) are 
notched at a to give the necessary vertical 
support to the rails B; and the rails B, Fig. 183 
are notched at b to support or brace the parts 
in the direction in which the fence runs. The 
very personification of health and vigor. 
The weevils are, however, very annoying as 
leaf destroyers. The beetle hides by day; 
but at night eats the leaves of some of the 
plants so as to injure them greatly; and many 
that are not so badly eaten are so mutilated 
that they become an eye-sore to the green- 
Upton Russet Apple. 
notches in the rails have a shoulder to hold the 
posts against horizontal displacement. 
3 , _2- Z. 
Half Section. 
Fig. 186. 
R.N-r, 
Fig. 183. 
In presenting to our readers specimens of the 
house keeper. The plants that suffer mos 
are draemuas, palms, oranges, acacias, ficus, 
and curculigo. The only method of destroy 
ing the beetles ts to seek them out aud crush 
them. This is no easy task, as the weevils are 
hard to find. They often crowd between the 
Bezi de la Motte Pear. (From Nature.) Fig. 184. 
