1885 
355 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Pomologktxl 
CHOICE APPLES FOR THE “COLD 
NORTH.” 
Let me offer a suggestion to J. C., F. C.. p. 
173. atid others living in cold climates, who are 
uncertain what varieties of fruits will succeed 
with them: Write to some of the nurserymen 
who advertise root grafts in the Rural for 
descriptive lists Select quite an assortment; 
the expense will be but a trifle compared with 
the advantage gained. Order in early Spring, 
and plant in nursery rows; care for them well 
(it will be but a labor of love), and at the end 
of three years, the usual age of nursery trees 
when set in an orchard, you can tell pretty 
accurately what will succeed with you and 
what will not Those that fail to ripen the 
annual growth of new wood sufficiently to en¬ 
dure the cold of Winter, without material 
damage, should for safety be discarded. 
Home-grown trees will be more likely to 
succeed with you than trees of the same varie¬ 
ty grown at a distance; especially will this be 
so if the place where they are grown is of a 
milder climate than the place where they are 
to be plauted, 
I will give a partial list of some of the most 
desirable apples that I have now growing in 
a locality probably as cold and bleak as anv 
place where apples can be successfully grown. 
Of recent years large and valuable accessions 
have been made to our list of hardy apples. 
Interior Russia, the northern part of the Miss¬ 
issippi Valley. North, Upper, and Lower 
Canada, have all contributed to the list. Some 
of these, like the Yellow Transparent, Long- 
fleld, Wealthy, McIntosh Red, and Scott’s 
Winter, have at once taken place among stau 
dard sorts, not only for the “cold north,” but 
for milder latitudes where the best of apples 
are supposed to grow. Of older varieties, 
Tetofsky, Montreal Peach, and Oldenburgh 
can be relied upon among summer apples as 
hardy and productive. Among winter apples 
we have but few well tested sorts that are per 
feet iron-clads. Ben Davis will grow and 
thrive almost anywhere an apple tree will 
live: but the fruit is of the poorest quality, as 
grown at the North. With me the Foundling 
has proved a wiuter apple of such excellence 
that I hardly expect to And it surpassed by 
any of the newer sorts. Fnmeuse ij an early 
winter apple of excellent quality, not strictly 
hardy, yet individual trees sometimes are 
found that endure the vicissitudes of climate 
almost as well as the Oldenburgh Mauy other 
sorts are well worthy of trial. A few years 
since our choice was limited to a few; it was 
take them or none. Now the raDge of selec¬ 
tion is greater. The multiplication of varie¬ 
ties in a commercial orchard is usually an evil, 
but for family use we want variety. Try Sops 
of Wine. Bailey’s Sweet. Golden Russett. Wal- 
hridge, Canada Baldwin. St. Johnsbury 
Sweet. Wolf River, Switzer. St. Peter’s, Char- 
lanroff, and Prolific Sweet. A. o. B. 
Orleans Co., Vt. 
produce only a dull, tarnished appearance, 
contrasting with the polish of the healthy 
leaf and a sure indication of depredations 
even after the mites have left. The leaves 
look dry and dusty, with slight loss of color 
as from drought When the foliage of the 
tree is bright, the oranges are bright. Tbe 
living mites are uot found on rusty oranges: 
they quit both fruit and leaf and wander to 
fresh fields when the oil is depleted or the 
surface too hardened for their beaks. 
HThe mite (Phvtoptua oleivorus (Ashmend), 
as shown at Fig. 1911, is elongate, honey- 
o, dorsal vtew; h, lateral view- (the dot In the cir¬ 
cle shows actual size); c, leg; d, eRg. 
yellow, 14 m.m. long, and with two pairs of 
four-join ted legs, each terminating in a 
curved spine with opposing bristles. Tbe eggs 
are laid singly or in small clusters on the 
leaves. They are spherical, transparent, with 
a yellow tinge. They hatch in Summer in 
four days, and the cast mite-skins adhere, as 
to the eggs. Kerosene emulsion, as used 
against scale-insects, with sulphur added, is 
the most satisfactory. 
T The Illinois Agriculturist, that humbug 
which has been several times denounced here, 
has finally bsen suppressed by the authorities. 
The Post-office detectives some days ago ar¬ 
rested the conductors of tbe swindle for using 
the U. S. mails for fraudulent purposes. Any¬ 
body with enough sense to entitle him to a 
place outside the walls of an idiot asylum 
ought to know that the offers made by the 
schemers must necessarily have been meant to 
deceive; yet from tbe amount of mail matter 
seized every day by the Post Office, it appears 
that from 3300 to $1,000 a day were remitted 
to the swindlers. Now there are many honest, 
excellent, in every way trustworthy agricul¬ 
tural papers in the country, that would he 
glad of such an income even in the busy sub¬ 
scription season, but then their principles for¬ 
bade them to have recourse to disreputable 
means to secure it. The subscribers to the pa¬ 
per will, of course, be swindled; but the ver- 
dictof a jury should be, “Served them right.” 
The Compound Oxygen Treatment is eer- 
taiuly not a humbug. We know of several 
cases in which it has done good, and have 
heard of more; but then again, it seems to 
have no appreciable effect in other cases, No 
single medicine or mode of treatment can be 
expected to prove efficacious for all maladies; 
and it is, we think, a blunder as well as a 
wrong to claim too wide a power for any 
medicine, a fault the owners of many proprie¬ 
tary medicines are very much inclined to 
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Orange Rust. (From Nature.) Fig. 197. 
Critflmfl Logical. 
RUST OF ORANGE. 
PROF. O. V, RILEY. 
The nature of this rust has been carefully 
studied by the writer and also by one of his 
assistants, Mr. H. G. Hubbard, at Creseeut 
City, Fla. It has always been known and has 
always given concern. It varies from a more 
or less pronounced stain beneath theeutiele to a 
rough, deep brown incrustation. When heavily 
coated, the surface is chapped like that of a 
russet apple. Tt may be first noticed when 
tbe fruit is small, or one-third grown (early 
Summer). It rapidly increases in August and 
September when the fruit is full-grown, and 
is most noticed wheu the fruit begins to color, 
though there is no Increase, but ruther de¬ 
crease after that time. 
Rusts are mostly due to fungi, but there is 
nothing of this kind about the orange rust. 
The oil cells are depleted and the epithelial 
cells clogged with hrowuish resin. The sur¬ 
face is fissured and the rind shrinks and 
toughens aud loses esseutial oil. Carefully 
examined, a rusty orange will be found cover¬ 
ed with cast mite skins—thick in Summer or 
Fall, less noticeable iu Winter, The mites 
themselves will be found on the non-rustod 
fruit and all over the tree in Spring and Sum¬ 
mer. The mites are so minute as to be scarce¬ 
ly noticeable siugly, but collectively they give 
the green loaf and fruit the appearance of be¬ 
ing sprinkled with flue golden dust Piue 
pollen is often mistaken for them, aud they 
for pollen. 
The attacks of the mite are aheays followed 
by rust on the fruit, but on [the leaves the 
stated, to the surface of leaf or fruit. The food 
of the mite is the essential oil which abounds 
in the succulent parts of the citrus plants. It 
is stationary when feeding, but moves actively 
and wanders from one part of the plunt to 
another, especially to new growth. Thou¬ 
sands occur on a single leaf. 75.000 having 
been computed by Mr. Hubbard, in wiuter 
time, on a leaf averaging 15 square inches. 
They are still more numerous in Summer. 
At Fig 197, we show a rusty orange. Rust 
rings encircle the fruit much as the eelyp- 
tic does the earth. There is a penumbral band 
betweeu the brightest sun and deepest shade, 
indicating the preference of the mite for such 
half shade. Frosts kill the mites but uot the 
eggs. Drought causes both to dry up. Birds, 
Insects, aud especially spiders, are the chief 
agencies in distributing the mitt's from place 
to place. The effect of the mite on the fruit, 
aside from the rusty appearance which lowers 
the market value, is in no wise injurious, as 
the quality is, if auvthiug, improved, and the 
disposition to rot decreased. The effect on 
the leaf is to slightly check growth. The 
mite is distributed In Florida generally; but 
is not yet known to occur elsewhere. Like 
most mites affecting growing plants, it is 
worse on high, dry lands than on those that 
are low and moist. 
No method of culture or of manuring; iu 
fact, no method that does uot comprehend the 
true cause, has proved of avail to preveut 
the rust Wind breaks and isolation act as 
preventives; but insecticides are the only 
remedial agencies, but they must kill mites 
and eggs and molting mites. Whale oil soap 
—one pound to tive gallons of water—iu early 
Spring before the new growth begins and a 
weaker solutiou at frequent intervals, cause 
the mites to fall to the ground. Flowers of 
sulphur is deadly to the active, mites, but not 
commit.We don’t recommend the Herne 
Compauy or the “National Company,’’ of 
this city. 
M. Young, of this city, has the usual outer 
and inner chamber arrangement on the top of 
an old building iu Greenwich Street. Through 
the carelessness of a boy, the Eye-opener 
mauaged to get into tbe sacred and secret 
inner room, which was found full of a miscel¬ 
laneous mass of circulars and advertising 
pamphlets The concern offers to send $2 
worth of goods on receipt of IS ceuts for post 
age! M. Young is a humbug. His Premium 
Certificates are ditto. What he claims to be 
worth $2, isn't worth as many cents. His 
Palestine Wonder Stone is a fraud, and what 
he says about it is false. There I 
To Many Inquirers.— Charles B Rouss, of 
this city, is quite trustworthy.,. .The Vita 
Compauy, of this city, advertises a catarrh 
remedy, which is neither “a liquid, smiff nor 
salve,’ and which, it is claimed, will also cure 
cold in the head aud hay fever. This seems a 
good remedy, to judge by the relief its use has 
afforded in several coses within our knowl¬ 
edge.... We cannot recommend the United 
States Medicine Company of this city.... An 
advertisement of the “State Manufacturing 
Company, 320 aud 322 Broadway, this city] 
was admitted without detection in the Rural 
columns some weeks ago. The fraudulent 
character of the concern was soon detected, 
aud its advertisement was thrown out. It 
offered to send a set of child’s furniture for 
26 ceuts in stamps. It sent pictures of im¬ 
possible furniture, thus deceiving the public 
in the same way the advertisers of cheap 
dolls have loug been swindling, as often stated 
in the Eye opener. 
The Post-master-Geueral has just “black¬ 
listed'’ F. Ridd & Co., Dubuque, la., for con¬ 
ducting^ fraudulent business through the 
mails. This step was suggested by the Eye- 
opener over six months ago ...The Atlantic 
Manufacturing Company, of this city, is 
widely advertising the 36-cents musical watch, 
the fraudulent character of which was one of 
the “counts” in the indictment against Sizer 
& Co , of multitudinous aliases notoriety. 
This “musical wonder” is a favorite means of 
swindling the “dear public” with advertising 
sharpers. We are constantlv seeing adver¬ 
tisements of tbe fraud over different names. 
The Eureka Trick and Novelty Company of 
this city, has been established here for 12 
years and does a legitimate business in its 
special line... Ob, yes, a Waterbury watch 
and a dollar farm paper can be sold for 83.50. 
A Waterbury watch is wholesaled for 32.50, 
and if paid for by advertisements, a profit can 
be made in selling it at that price. 
The Warren Manufacturing Company, alias 
W. H. Sizer, alias the Empire Manufacturing 
Company, of this city, alias W. Sherwood, of 
Brooklyn, whose operations were suspended 
bv the Post Office detectives the other day, 
is once more appealing to tbe gullible 
throughout the country under the name of 
J. W. Randall, or J. W. Randall, ‘‘Successor 
to the Warren Manufacturing Company,” 
of this city. These fellows are as rich is 
names as they are poor in bonestv. Just 
look at the list of names under which Sizer 
operated at the same time: and behold how 
readily he adds another to the catalogue. 
Tbe names are generally merely fictitious: 
though sometimes they belong to a clerk or 
other employ^. Rascals entirely destitude of 
imagination need never be at a loss for an alias 
so long as over 10.000 different names can be 
found in the New York Directory. The 
Phelps Publishing Company. Springfield. 
Mass., is quite trustworthy. It is the publish¬ 
er of the New England Homestead. 
We do not recommend Knowles &■ Maxim, 
Pittsfield. Mass. There is such a firm, but 
mercantile agencies give it no rating, and we 
therefore advise caution in dealing with it... 
... S. K. <Sr E. Frost, Park Place, and E. & O. 
Ward, Greenwich St. this citv. are quite re¬ 
liable.Charles de Medicis. this city, 
claims to remove superfluous hair without 
doing anv injury to the skin He savs he uses 
a “chemical combination;'’ hut according to 
what he told the Eye-opener, the removal of 
the hair necessitates a long,tedious and expen¬ 
sive operation. Oh, it can be done; but pluck¬ 
ing the hairs out by the roots is a more speedy, 
efficient and cheaper operation, though prob¬ 
ably a trifle more painful. Almost any drug 
store can furnish a depilatory just as effica¬ 
cious and no more harmful.The Cotton 
Belt. Memphis, Tennessee, is a hiif hug, It is 
a wretched little sheet, badly printed on the 
poorest sort of paper, and contains no infor¬ 
mation of general use or iuterest. It is only 
issued at irregular intervals, and seems to be 
published chiefly as a means of swindling the 
farmers of tbe country by the seed corn dodge, 
as already related twice in this department... 
....The Farmer’s Ledger, of Cincinnati, is a 
swindle; its offer of four-per-cent lean is a 
humbug; its art gallery a fraud. We did hear 
that its mail had been stopped and its conduc¬ 
tors arrested tbe othpr dav bv th« Post Office 
for defrauding the puhlic through the U S. 
mails: if this hasn’t been done already, no 
time should be lost in doing it. 
for Women. ^ 
"VOVnTTCTED BV MTSC RAY C7T.AUK 
LETTERS FROM DAISY FARM. 
After days of snow and bluster. I was glad 
to see the sunshine yesterday morning, and 
when Ernest asked me if I should like to take 
a cutter ride out to D’s, I was particularly 
glad. 
Farmer D. owns the show place of the coun¬ 
ty, “Beautiful for situation” and rich in im¬ 
provements, and I had long been wishing to 
visit it. Outside it was all that rumor, and 
my “fancy painted it,” and more. The house 
itself, with Its turret and tower, would com¬ 
pare favorably with the finest of city homes, 
and the grounds even in February, looked 
well kept and tasteful. We were cordially 
welcomed, and ushered through a long cold 
hall to the dining room, our host saying, “we 
live here iu the Winter, it saves runniug the 
furnace.” This room was large and with its 
lofty ceiling, handsome wood-work and paper¬ 
ed walls, was a fine one. but its furnishing 
disappointed me. The dull “hit or miss” rag 
carpet, the plain oak table and chairs looked 
incongruous, to sav the least. There was not 
a comfortable chair to be seeu, unless I except 
an old Boston rocker. The wiudows were cur- 
taitiless, aud not even a spread on the tables, 
relieved its barreness. All neat aud substan¬ 
tial, but far from pretty. After a time, we 
were invited up to the tower to look at the 
view, and shown over the house on the way. 
The^frontlrooms] up”stairsj and'down ,’ 4 were 
