Vol. XLIV. No. 1848. 
NEW YORK, JUNE 27, 1885. 
PRICE FITS CENTS. 
*2.00 PER Y EAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, la the year lSSs, by the Rural New-Yorker In the ofHee of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. I 
I 
Timothy hay is the only hay regarded, as first 
class. Of the other common Northern grasses, 
Orchard Grass has been sown to a limited ex¬ 
tent; but thuugh it starts early and makes a 
heavy growth, stock seem to regard it and 
Red Top as the brown bread of their rations, 
and never eat it when they can get white. 
Orchard Grass makes poor hay, which is not 
to be preferred to good oat straw. 
Of the Red Clovers there are two common 
lv grown alone or in connection with Timothy 
for hay. Common clover makes the best hay by 
itself; aud Mammoth Clover, when grown with 
Timothy, because the first gets ripe before 1 he 
Timothy is ready for harvest, and the other 
blossoms about the time Timothydoes. But the 
large clover is so stemmy and woody, any con¬ 
siderable portion with Timothy deteriorates 
the quality and lowers the price. Common 
Red Clover is coming to be regarded with 
more and more favor every year, not only as 
furnishing the best green fodder for milch 
cows, but as rivaling Timothy, Blue Grass 
and White Clover together.in its capacity for 
putting on fat and flesh. At present, the 
question is not settled whether, when steers, 
late in May, are turned on Red Clo er, the 
^rd)ilfctuvc 
covering the back rooms; and also by a win¬ 
dow over the porch, as will be seen in the 
perspective. The house, it will be seen, con¬ 
tains ten room*, and is well arranged for 
saving steps to the housewife. The cost of 
the building will vary in different localities, 
but will probably be in the neighborhood of 
SI,000 or §1,200. 
day, allowing the hay to wilt in the field anti 
the afternoon, and then loading and storing 
away en masse in the mow, or bay of a tight 
barn. This is silage in a modified form, and 
may be adopted with perfect safety in hot 
or dry climates like those of Illinois and Ken¬ 
tucky, but with more risk in New York and 
New England. The common practice with 
clover is to cut in the morning with a mower, 
pitch it together in windrows or bunches the 
afternoon of the same or following day, and 
then house or stack as soon as the forage is 
thought dry enough Usually this cannot be 
done without rain or several times handling, 
both to the detriment of the quality of the 
forage— rain causing mould or must, and re 
peated handling, a large loss of the leaves, 
which are the valuable part of clover. If it 
were possible to handle Red Clover hay as 
easily, as safely, and as surely without loss or 
damage to its nutritive qualities, as is done 
with Timothy, the clover-hay crop would very 
soon reach ten times its present dimensions. 
The practice of housing or stacking a few 
hours after cutting will, no doubt, be more 
and more generally adopted. Still, the labor 
and amount of force required to handle twice, 
au acre of strong clover growth, if in a wilt- 
ted yet green state, will prevent the general 
adoption of the plan. 
As to the proper time to cut Timothy, there 
is a considerable conflict of opinion. The 
experienced stock-men of tht^ old style say, 
wait until the plant is mature, tfhil do »ofc be 1 - 
gin to cut before the fall of tile second bloom, 
even if you have acreage enough,to keep you 
at harvest three or four weeks. They ^ive. 
many reasons for thiscoqrsa. TheVsav though 
the later cut will have lost a portion of the 
seed, it will spend better and stdt-k will e&t it • 
better than if cut before the first bloom is off; 
that meadows are not as apt to be ?un scalded 
if the Timothy is allowed to stand till' the 
plant is uiature, and, finally, if something is 
lost by making the harvest late at the finish, 
more than enough is gained to compensate by. 
the timeliness of the beginning and middle. 
Those who advocate early cutting, claim that 
in so doing they get the plant at its best; that 
they secure color which, more than any one 
other quality, grades and sells hay, and if early 
cut hay is not best for livery stock and aged 
corn-fed steers, which-have a strong liking and 
necessity for “roughness,” it is far better than 
late cut for milch cows and young stock, 
l suppose the early cutting of hay was brought . 
into fashion by the practice of the pioneers* 
who delayed the hay harvest until it wast ^ 
cured iu the field, aud so rendered corn para, 
tively worthless, and 1 suppose the pioneers Siff*', 
this so that they might be safe iu cutting afld 
stacking the same day, and in this way avoid ’* 
loss by bad weather. 
But I think the advocates of both early an^J - 
late cutting are inclined to yield something, 
to meet on a middle ground, especially, now, 
since it has been found perfectly safe practice - 
to cut Timothy hay in the morning of aforight * 
day, not beginuiug, however, before the dejjv 
is well off, and then rake, load and stack Alte ’ 
same day. The only essential thing iu.the 
practice is that there shall be no water Mois¬ 
ture on the plant, but the water of vegetation, 
the latter doing absolutely no .harm. . Hjiy 
cut, cured and stacked contains all* t^at is -iq <• 
the plant and retains that goo-i cplctK and 
pleasing fragrance essential for grading and ' 
selling well in the markets of*the worl4, * ' 
1 don't know but what Lbave failed in the', 
above to give to White Clover all- that ip due 
to it ns a very’ valuable pastu^ plant tite , 
almost inseparable associate Jhf -Blue Grass, in 
pastures, aud of Timothy,‘^ed Tpp„aud Blue 
Grass iu meadows of some aga* My»uy fcxper- . 
ieuced feeders say tjotfaing oti ‘fat*tike 
White Clover; nothing -put> an fat £pd fleshy r 
both, like the two together, while for gnpVtb»« 
nothing equals Timothy^. *. > 
A ROOMY RESIDENCE 
E show this week, at 
(H/O(T\ Fig. 22 1, the perspective 
view of a house planned 
VJCi.Jby Rev. E. D. Ramson, 
aM fid f H f of Schuyler Co., N. Y. 
D\\" J (dp k | At Fig. 2:22 is shown the 
l' 1 -I j plan of the ground floor. 
If M | At A is the living room, 
jjjfp - " 16x24 feet; it is large 
(n ( .Cj ■ an, i should be sunny aud 
bright if rightly situ* 
- ' I ated. It contains, at J, 
( a large and convenient 
y 5y- o ’closet; doore open into 
• J X the adjoiuing rooms, 
QJ and two large windows 
on to the porch. At E E E, are bed-rooms 10 
xlO and 10x12 feet in size, each containing a 
closet extending half way across the room. 
THE GRASSES AND CLOVERS FOR 
PASTURE AND HAY. 
B. F. JOHNSON 
For the black soil of Illinois, which is, to 
all intents and purposes, a Blue Grass soil 
also, there is but one grass, Timothy, and one 
clover, common Red. accounted of value for 
hay. For a pasture grass, both in Winter 
and Summer, there is nothing superior to 
Blue Grass, nothing which will lay on so much 
fat and flesh in a given time. But Blue Grass 
makes poor hay, even when cut at or before 
the period of bloom, which for this latitude is 
Plan of Grodno Floor. Fig. 222, 
AtC is the dining room; 12x13 feet Iu oue 
corner is a roomy closet, aud at H is a cup¬ 
board. Between the dining room and kitchen 
is a double cupboard opening into both rooms. 
At B is the kitchen, 12x16 feet, with cup¬ 
boards at H and H; there are doors leading to 
the cellar- .-talrway, dining-room, porch, and 
outside. At P is the porch and at I) a small 
front porch. At Fig. 223, is shown the plan 
A ROOMY RESIDENCE. Fig. 221 
will gain more in weight during June and 
July, than on the best Blue Grass and Tim¬ 
othy pastures. The graziers of age aud expe¬ 
rience favor the Blue Grass and Timothy; the 
new men, the Red Clover; while uninterested 
spectators regard it as a pretty even thing. 
Timothy seed is sown with success with fall 
graiu in September andOctober at the rate of 
five acres to the bushel, or in the Spring with 
Spring gram?,or on wheat laud not previously 
seeded to grass. After seeding.it is not thought 
well to brush anil harrow the seed In, the soil 
loose aud mellow,furuishiuga seed-bed incase 
of a go.>d rain. Red Clover is commonly' 
sown iu the Spring, never or rarely in the Fall, 
but sometimes ou the snow late in February or 
March. When sown alone, eight pounds per 
acre of either the common, or Mammoth tire 
regarded as sufficient; when with Timothy,six 
pounds are sufficient; in the latter case the dan¬ 
ger being or getting too much clover with the 
Timothy, with the result of the latter being 
Overgrown. 
All agree that clover should be cut at the 
period of full bloom, usutliy from the 10th to 
the middle of June. But all do not agree as 
to the method of curing, few yet coming to 
adopt the perfectly safe practice of cutting 
clover as soon as the dew is all off on a bright 
early in June. This is partly due to the diffi¬ 
culty of securing it, before putting it in stack 
or mow, so thoroughly that it will not “mow- 
burn,” as it is called. The almost universal 
associate with Blue Grass in merit, and cer¬ 
tainly iu the best pastures, is White Clover, 
aud this, too. is uot accounted of value for hay. 
Iu the black-soil prairie regions and in the 
other regious of good yellow soil, all through 
Illinois, when lands are turned out, or allowed 
to go fallow. Blue Grass and White Clover 
take possession and htdd it against all comers. 
Going south of Cairo, Blue grass soon disap 
peats; but White Clover maintains itself as 
far south as New Orleans, where it is seen ou 
the commons there, with its Southern asso¬ 
ciate, Bermuda Grass. 
When Timothy meadows have borne a 
dozeu or more successive crops of ha.v, Bed Top 
comes in, taking possession of the moist places 
aud,to someextent, crowding the Timothy out; 
aud the same is true, to a less extent, of Blue 
Grass, This is especially the case with the 
meadows of Southern Illinois, which require 
to be reseeded to Timothy as often as once iu 
four or five years. But Red Top, compared 
with Timothy, makes poor hay, which will 
not sell for more than half as much. In fact, 
Flan of Second Floor. Fig. 223. 
of the second floor. K E, aud E are bed¬ 
rooms, 11x12 feet. F is an open room with 
stairs leading to the roof. This room may be 
used as a study or sowing room. The closets, 
it will be seen, are not forgotten in these up¬ 
per rooms. The stairs leading from the first 
fl or are lighted by a window in the roof 
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