statements should be unequivocal. I certainly 
was not mistaken as to the fact that the tenor 
of Stockman’s testimony was that there bad 
been “excessive and baseless bother about con¬ 
tagious diseases.” If so, why has lung plague, 
which has existed for years iu some of the 
Atlantic States, at length infected some of the 
greatest stock producing States in the West, 
notwithstanding State efforts to prevent this. 
There seems to be no doubt “there was some 
disease,” East, and I have never seen any well 
authenticated statement that it is yetstamped 
out. [It is Uuuwn to exist still, here and there, 
in some of the Atlantic States. In others 
where it was prevalent some time ago, it has 
been officially aunounced that it has been 
eradicated; but after such announcements 
sporadic cases sometimes occur,— Eds ]. There 
Is no evideuce to show that luug plague is not 
yet latent in infected districts West. In fact, 
the testimony was all the other way at the 
late Spriugfield convention of stockmen. 
Notwithstanding State and National legisla¬ 
tion, the disease still exists aud has spread 
from the sources primarily iufected in the 
East. Certainly I have never iutimated that 
the disease bad its origin in America. No 
one knows its origin. It is enough to know 
that luDg plague is insidious, contagious, aud 
terrible, aud that an animal attacked and ap¬ 
parently recoverd, may communicate the dis¬ 
ease indefinitely. 
Is “Stockman” really a stock breeder, aud 
not one who buys aud sells for gaiu? If the 
former, it is difficult to understand why he 
should make so strong a claim that injury had 
been done by excessive aud baseless bother 
about contagious diseases. — 
[Stockman is largely interest- 
ed in stock-raising.—Ens, J If 
State and the National Legis- 
latures had uot had severe 
pressure brought to bear tip- 
ou them by interested specu- 
lators, the difficulty might 
have been eheeke 1 long ago. '■ 
Years ago l pointed out the 
fact that the West must be 
invaded eveutually, if the 
disease was not checked, not¬ 
withstanding the fact that the 
drift of cattle was almost en¬ 
tirely east from the west. 
Last year brought the in¬ 
vasion. That the plague hap¬ 
pened to have been spread by 
Jersey cattle was simply due 
to the fact that there was a 
stronger demand for these 
cattle iu the West from East- /j t f ; ZZ-Z. 
ern B tales, than for others. tr yl[ 
How, pruy, could the Bureau / * ty Q [ 
of Animal Indu<try stamp 
out the disease, when uo ^ 
money was appropriated for ^ 
that purpose? Did not the __ 
last Administration decide 
that the appropriation could f * 
not be used for that purpose? 
[Attorney General Garland, 
of the present Administra¬ 
tion, so decided, on inquiry 
by Commissioner Coluiau. The question was 
years and eight months old, and her 
live weight was 1,645 pouuds. She wa3 
purchased and slaughtered, and at Mr. 
Stephenson’s desire, the offal and various 
parts of the carcass were carefully weighed. 
The fore-parts weighed 484 pounds, and the 
hind quarters 68«s pounds—in all 1,122 pounds. 
The shin beef, whole, weighed nine pounds; 
the shin bone, three pounds; the clod hone, 
three-and-tbree fourths pounds; the stricken, 
one-and-one-half pounds. The head and tongue 
weighed 16 pounds; caul suet and reed tat, 46 
pounds; gut, with guts, 06 pounds: tripe and 
liver, 53 pounds; hide and feet, 93 pounds; 
heart, lights and tail, 18 pounds; and loose 
fat, 33 pounds. It will thus be seen that the 
carcass itself weighed over 68 per cent, of her 
gross live weight, 
The butcher, in speaking of her. said: “She 
comes out splendidly in every way. She does 
not seem to have wasted anything. The bones in 
her are extraordinarily small, and she has two 
inches thick of fat down the back, hardly any 
leg.and no neck at all,the meat being level with 
the socket bone.’’ This is only another instance 
in which a cross-bred animal has shown great¬ 
er capacity to fatten than the purebred of 
any breed. As we look at this picture, it is 
hard to believe that an animal of such weight 
could be supported by such a set of drum¬ 
stick legs: but when we consider that the 
meat alone weighs 68 per cent of her live 
weight, while the best auimals in our markets 
seldom dress over 57 per ceut, we can no lon¬ 
ger doubt the correctness of tire likeness. 
From this, and similar instances in our own 
fat stock shows, we should learn the value of 
usually destructive this year. In many places 
in this vicinity not a single head will mature. 
To counteract its ravages in our sample 
grounds, where we test all our varieties of 
cabbage and cauliflowers, we had until this 
season dressed the land heavily with oyster 
shell lime, using at the rate of 150 bushels to 
the acre, sown on the land after plowing, and 
then well harrowed in But this year the man 
in charge of our trial grounds was absent at 
the time the ground was beiug prepared for 
the cabbage and cauliflower, and the dressing 
of lime was, for the first time in five years, 
omitted. Thecabbage and cauliflower plants, 
which were strong spring-sown transplanted 
plants, were set out about the middle of April, 
They started well, but about the middle of 
May the droop in the leaf showed that the 
maggot was at work. We at once scraped 
the soil from the stem of each plant aud dusted 
lime around it, again drawing the soil up to 
the stem. In addition to this a good handful 
of guano was dusted around every five or six 
plants, or about as thick on the surface of the 
soil as sand is usually strewn on the floor. 
The application of lime at once arrested the 
work of the maggots on the stems, and the 
guano started a quick growth, causing each 
plant to make strong roots above the wounds 
made by the maggots. The result is that the 
crop to all appearances is saved. We left a 
few rows without applying the lime and guano, 
to test the result of the experiment, and in 
these rows hardly a plant will head up. Of 
course, this remedy is expensive, probably 
costing in guano aud labor £20 to #25 for every 
acre of 10,000 plants; and it would also fail to 
THE COTTON-WORM, 
-Aieua arginaeea inuuner/. ut common 
names it has several, being called the army- 
wcrm, the cotton-worm and the chenille, a 
French word meaning caterpillar. To distin¬ 
guish it from the army-worm of the North, it 
has also been called the cotton army-worm; 
the moth is called the cotton-tty, cotton-moth 
and cotton- worm moth. 
The cotton-worm is not a native of the 
United States, but was introduced from South 
America or the West Indian Islands. Its 
first recorded invasion was more than a hun¬ 
dred years ago, aud every season since has 
witnessed more or less damage iu the cotton 
fields from its presence. 
Aletia argillacea belongs to the order 
Lepidoptera, family Noctnidae. There are 
probably five or six broods each season in the 
central cotton belt of the South; but the earl¬ 
iest of these are unnoticed by the planters, and 
they speak of only two 
! or three crops of worms 
in a season. The eggs for 
the first brood are pro¬ 
bably laid as socn as the 
cotton is fairly growing, 
but this brood is unnotic¬ 
ed, as it is not sufficiently 
numerous to do much 
damage. Two views of 
the egg of the cotton-worm 
are shown, highly magni¬ 
fied, at, Fig. 227. As can 
be seen, it is circular, flat¬ 
tened and ribt ed: its great¬ 
est diameter is only about 
t one-fortieth of an inch. 
i\ W hen first laid, the egg is 
> of a pretty bluish-green 
color; but changes to a 
dirty white before hatck- 
i log. The eggs are soiue- 
times found on any part of 
L K- — -I the plant above ground, 
but, almost withcnt excep- 
' tiou, they are deposited on 
the under side of the lar- 
S e r leaves, mostly on the 
middle third of the plant. 
It was long generally be- 
_ ——■ lieved that they were laid 
on the terminal shoots, as 
the worms were first no¬ 
ticeably destructive there; 
but investigation proves 
this supposition to be wroug. They hatch iu 
two days, during the warmest weather; but in 
the Fall they are sometimes a week in hatch¬ 
ing. The newly hatched larva is of a pale 
green color, with a pale yellow head; it usually 
remains on the leaf where hatched and eats 
half-way through, the first indication of the 
presence of the pest being these semi-trans¬ 
parent spots ou the larger leaves. The larva 
sheds its skin five times during its growth. 
CROSS-BRED POLLED HEIFER. (From a Photograph.) Fig. 23: 
cross-bred animals for meat making, aud on 
our females use males of good beef-producing 
breeds. 
be effective if the ravages of the maggots 
were too far advanced before the application 
was used; but that it is effective, if applied in 
the early stages of the attack.we have proved 
beyond any question. However, preventing 
is always cheaper thou curing; and if there is 
reason to apprehend the ravages from the at¬ 
tacks of this peat,the ground should be heavily 
dressed with lime in the proportion and man¬ 
ner already given. If this is persistently done 
with each crop.there is but little chance of any 
trouble, at least such has been our experience 
for the past 10 or 15 years. 
Jersey City Hights, N. J., June S. 
THE LANGSHAN FOWL, 
This is the latest introduction of the great 
Eastern breeds, and is now obtaining so much 
favor iu England as a table fowl, that it is 
likely to rival the famous Dorking, it has an 
abundance of meat with a delicious flavor,aud 
the skin is of a delicate whiteness. This, to¬ 
gether w ith white legs, is always required by 
the lovers of a first quality of table poultry iu 
England; but it is not the ease in America— 
here we prefer a yellow skin aud yellow legs. 
A few Langskans have been imported into 
the United States recently, but whether of the 
true breed 1 do not know, as there is a con¬ 
stant dispute kept up in England as to the 
points which constitute purity. A Mr. Croad, 
when in China iu 1871, was the first person 
who sent Langshans to England. He shipped 
them for Durrington, Sussex County, to rela¬ 
tives residing there. A few more uow aud 
then have since been sent to various parties iu 
England by other visitors to China. 
A. B. AI.LEN. 
Srborintliuml 
RUSSIAN MULBERRY, NOT HARDY. 
I notice the editorial mention of the Rus¬ 
sian Mulberry in the Rukal of June 18th. I 
had of course, always heard that the shrub was 
perfectly hardy iu this climate, aud was very 
much surprised when mine leafed out this 
Spriug. 1 found that about two-thirds of last 
year’s growth was dorumut aud had apparent¬ 
ly wiuter-kiiled. I hesituted mentioning it, as 
1 thought there must be some other cause for 
it. But when Prof. Budd stated that “surely 
it is uot hardy eveu iu North Iowa,”,1 gathered 
courage and wrote him my experience and 
what I had gathered from it. My tree or 
shrub is in a very favorable location, at one 
end of my raspberry patch—where the Gregg, 
Shaffer and Hansel), without protection, 
came through the Winter all right. The 
mulberry is making an effort to produce fruit 
this season, and if it proves of uo more value 
for that purpose than it appears to be for tim¬ 
ber, I shall part with its company very soon. 
Shelburne, Vermont. w. h. b. 
[Our plants seem to be strictly dioecious. 
Our friend speaks of but oue specimen. How 
cau it fruit; or is it monoecious?—Eos.] 
CROSS-BRED POLLED HEIFER, 
A PRIZE ANIMAL. 
There is probably no couutry in the world 
that, considering its area, excels Ruglaud in 
the number of its agricultural shows, the 
value of the premiums offered, or in the 
efforts put forth by the people to secure those 
prizes. The Birmingham, Englaud, fat stock 
show was uo exception to this rule, for the 
first prize on a fat animal of auy breed was 
100 guineas, equal to #511 of our money. This 
was won by the cross-bred Shorthorn-Angus- 
Abcrdeen heifer owued by a Mr. Stopbeusou 
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Thu likeness of this 
fine animal, re-engraved from the London 
Live Block Journal, is shown at Fig. 232. She 
was from an Aberdeen-Angus bull aud a 
cross bred Short horn cow. She was small iu 
size, but for symmmetry aud beauty of form, 
tkiekuess, leveluess, aud quality of flesh aud 
geueral ripeness, she has seldom been equaled. 
Wheu shown at Birmingham, she was two 
Egg of Cottou Worm, highly magnified 
At the third moulting the larva? begin to vary 
in color, some being striped with black aud 
others remaiuiug green. In about 18 days 
from the hatching of the egg the larva? have 
attained full size, being about I;'j inch long. 
Wheu full-grown the larva folds one edge of 
a leaf over its body andfastens it with yellow¬ 
ish silk. It then spins a delicate cocoon with¬ 
in this shelter: its body shortens, increases in 
diameter and becomes taperiug at each end. 
In oue or two days it sheds its skin and be 
l^orJiatllnrul 
THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, 
PETER nKNDEltSON, 
For the past two weeks I have had scores of 
letters complaining of the ravages of the Cab¬ 
bage Maggot, which is evidently more than 
