4888 
485 
THt RUSAL #i£W-¥ORKER. 
very mild, moist climate of Oregon and Wash¬ 
ington Territory: it is quite likely that several 
kinds might hold their leave* to such an extent 
as to be called ‘‘evergreen, 1 ’ Samples received 
here from Washington Territory have not jet 
fruited, but the leaves and manner of growth 
would indicate that it is the old Cut-leaved 
Blackberry taken over there, and used to 
swindle the people; and as another evidence 
of this fact, that variety is very nearly ever¬ 
green even in this climate. If it is the old 
Cut-leaved, the plants, instead of being worth 
$10 per dozen, are not worth $10 for the whole 
State full, being a small, unprofitable sort. 
The whole story looks “snaky," and we advise 
our Colorado friends to “goslow." Meanwhile 
we have written for reliable informati on to 
those who have it in fruiting. When men 
claim too much, it is pretty safe to let them 
alone. 
HEADING BACK VINKS. APPLYING LIQUID 
MANURE. 
O. P. O., Menasha, Wis •—1. Should such 
vines as cucumber, melon and squash be 
headed back; and if so, how much? 2. Should 
the new growth of blackberries and rasp¬ 
berries be headed back; and if so, how much? 
3. In a sink in my cow yard, a quantity of 
liquid manure accumulates, which seems to be 
very strong; should it be diluted, and how 
can it be bast applied to the garden? 
Ans.— 1 It is seldom best to “head back” 
any vines. If a leader is inclined to run off 
too far, it should have the mere end nipped 
off with thumb and finger, but not be cut 
back. This will cause it to throw out laterals, 
and most of the fruit is grown on the laterals. 
2. No growing plant should be “headed back,” 
as the cutting off of the young growth weak¬ 
ens the plant very seriously. Blackberries and 
raspberries are much better for having the 
terminal buds pinched out when they are 
about two feet high. This induces them to 
branch out and become stocky, and much less 
likely to be broken over by the wind. 3. 
Liquid manure should not be applied to the 
foliage of growing plants too strong, but it 
may be put on the ground, even directly 
around them, with safety no matter bow strong 
it may be. It may be drawn in barrels or 
tanks or can be carried to the garden, and if 
it be applied to the foliage, it should be 
diluted to about the color of strong coffee, be¬ 
fore it is used. If to be used on the ground, 
apply and rake it in as soon as the surface has 
become sufficiently dry so that it will not be¬ 
come muddy. 
WEANING COLTS AND CALVES, ETC. 
G. E. G., Lovely Mt , Mo. —1. My corn is 
knee-high and I wish to apply plaster and 
ashes; how aud when should I do so? 2. How 
old should calves and colts be when weaned? 
3. To sow Timothy with wheat this Fall, is it 
better to use a drill with grass seed attach¬ 
ment or to broadcast it, and what fertilizer is 
best? 
Ans. —1. Mix them together and apply on 
the ground about the corn at once. The pro¬ 
portions will depend upon the amount of each 
that can tie devoted to the acre. 2. Colts 
should be allowed to suck three or four 
months, aud should be taught to eat oats, bran 
and oil meal mixed, before weaning. Calveu 
may be taught to drink skim-milk, when a 
week old, and should be taught to eat oil meal 
and bran as soon as possible, by having a lit¬ 
tle in a trough uuder cover where they can 
go to it at pleasure. When they have become 
accustomed to eating this, the ration of milk 
may be gradually lesseued, providing they 
run to grass and have a full supply of water, 
aud when two-and a-balf or three months old, 
the milk may be entirely withheld. 8. We 
prefer broadcasting, and should prefer fine 
barn yard manure with ashes and superphos¬ 
phate. 
DEATH TO THK WEEVIL, ETC. 
J. P., Lawrence, Kans. — 1. Is there any 
remedy for wheat that looks all right, but bus 
a musty smell? 2. Is there anything that will 
kill the weevil without injuring the wheat? 
Ans.— 1. To scour it closely in smut ma¬ 
chines will improve it much, but we think it 
cannot be entirely relieved from the smell, 
and the flour will “taste" more or less. 1. If 
by “weevil” is meant the true weevil that in¬ 
fests granaries and wheat bius, it can bo en¬ 
tirely kilted by the use of bisulphide of carbon, 
if the gruiary and bins can be shut up air¬ 
tight. When the granary has been made 
tight, by pasting paper or cloth over every 
crack or opening, there should bo placed ou 
the grain a dish containing a quantity—more 
or less according to the size of the bin or room. 
The liquid is very volatile, and, being heavier 
than the air, it will settle to the bottom of 
every grain package, and will kill every 
weevil. Care should be taken in using it, as 
it is cotli poisonous and highly intliiiiinatile. 
By opening the doors and wiudows of the 
granary, the whole will pass off without in¬ 
juring the grain. The same treatment will 
kill weevils iu peas or moths among clothing. 
TREATMENT OF RUPTURED SOW. 
W. F. S., Silver Creek, Kans .—A valuable 
Berkshire sow (iu pig), is ruptured in the belly 
near the left hind leg; what should be the 
treatment? 
Ans, —Throw the animal on her back, 
return the protrusion perfectly and apply 
wooden clamps ov.r the skin close np to the 
belly and let them be worn till they drop off 
of themselves. Ordinary castration clamps 
will serve every purpose, to which a little car¬ 
bolic acid or other antiseptic should be 
applied. The clamps must be applied as 
tightly as possible, using a pair of pincers or 
blacksmith’s tongs to clamp them, while fasten¬ 
ing the ends with strong cord. Another 
method frequently employed with yonng ani¬ 
mals and recent injuries is to return the pro¬ 
trusion, aud cover the sac or opening w-ith 
pads over which a strong sheet is wound 
tightly around the abdomen and kept in 
■ position by bands or cords carried to a collar 
around the neck. Extra padding must be 
applied as necessary aud the whole carefully 
kept in positiou for several days, until all 
swelling and tenderness have subsided, and 
the parts have become strong enough to sup¬ 
port the viscera. 
ATSION AND WATERFORD, N. J. 
P. E. JLima, la. —2. Are Ateion and 
Waterford, N. J., healthful localities? Are 
the men disposing of the estate of-and 
the estate itself all right? 3. Would Water¬ 
ford be a good place to begin poultry raising? 
4. Whatis the “lay” of the land, and what the 
kind of soil? 
ANS.— 1. Both places have fair reputations 
for healtbfulness. 2. We cannot undertake 
to answer questions of a private nature like 
this. The parties, however, we are told, are 
well thought of by their neighbors. As to the 
estate, we have never seen it; nor can we in¬ 
vestigate such matters. 3. Waterford is a 
pleasant village, well located near an impor¬ 
tant railroad, with rapid transportation to 
Philadelphia and Atlantic City, both of which 
places contain many lovers of eggs and cook¬ 
ed chicken. High prices are paid by the 
boarding-houses of the latter watering-place 
in the season. 4. “Surface of the ground” 
slightly undulating, with a sandy and gravelly 
loam soil. Much of it what is sometimes 
termed “made" or “ocean” laud. Not a pri¬ 
mitive rock is to be seen in that region. 
ORCHARD PESTS. 
C. W. C., Millwood, Fa,—1. The locust is 
on us in full force, and we fear great damage 
to our fruit trees; what can we do to protect 
them? 2. The fruit in our orchards is injured 
every year by insects to such au extent as to 
be comparatively worthless and sometimes to 
be entirely destroyed; will spraying the trees 
with any poison keep the insects in check? 
Ans.— 1. The cicadas (not locusts at all) do 
no harm by eating the trees, but ouly by 
puncturing the limbs, in which to deposit 
their eggs, and no application of poison can 
be of any use in protecting the trees against 
this injury. The orchard cau be protected 
against all leaf-eating insects aud against 
codling moths as well, by the use of insecti¬ 
cides in the form of solutions of Paris-green 
or London purple. While the “Purple” is 
much the cheaper, it being a waste product, 
no effort is made to get it of uniform strength, 
and for that reason it may be used much too 
strong or much too weak. Paris green, on 
the other hand, if pure, is made of fixed 
strength, and if one buys at all times the same 
brand, he is quite sure of having the mixture 
uniform. Of course, these are fatal poisons 
if taken in even minute quantities, and great 
care should be used in then* application. 
-K4- 
Miscellaneous. 
J. L,, Sherbrook, Que. —1. If fruit trees 
planted last Fall, had their tops frozen and 
have sprouted near the ground, when should 
the dead trunks be cut off aud how- uear the 
young shoots? 2. Should they lie banked up 
in the Fall? 8. Is sheep manure good, and is 
there anything better? 4. Why do not sheep 
and cattle bring as good prices, for export to 
England, in Quebec as in New Yorkf 
ANS —1. If the shoots are above the buds 
or grafts, they will make good trees. The old 
body should be cut off so close to the young 
shoot that it will heal over readily, aud to 
the cut surface wax or shellac should be ap¬ 
plied, and if there is danger of the young 
shoot breaking off. it should be tied to a stake. 
2. We like to have all young trees banked iu 
the Winter, it protects the roots from exces¬ 
sive freezing and the bodies from the mice. 
3. Yea—it depends much on what the sheep 
were fed and for what the manure is wanted. 
As to whether there is anything better: man¬ 
ure made from sheep eating clover hay, oil 
meal, bran, roots and peas, would be about as 
good as any made. 4. We do not know, uu- 
* less the freight charges would he more, which 
they probably are. They ought to fetch a 
higher figure, as they can be used as “store” 
cattle after landing, and pastured for any 
desirable length of time in the country; while 
cattle from the “States” must be slaughtered 
at the port of debarkation 10 days after land¬ 
ing, whatever may be the condition of the 
market or of the animals themselves. Are 
you sure that the same grades of cattle bring 
more in the New York than in the Quebec 
market? 
S. S. W., Hickory Grove, Pa. —I have a 
half-blood Jersey cow, five years old, which 
has never eaten 200 pounds of grain. From 
seven milkings daring second week in June, 
without any feed, except what she picked in 
the pastime with a herd of other cows, she 
made six pounds thirteen ounces of fine, solid, 
dry butter, and during the time she was in 
heat, the milk was set in old fashioned shallow 
pans. With all the circumstances favorable, 
and with high feeding of suitable grains, 
could l expect to increase her yield from 25 to 
50 per cent, ? 2. Does this test give her a mar¬ 
ket value much above that of an average 
cow? 3. Would a bull calf from this cow, 
sired by a %-blood Jersey ball, be valuable 
for breeding purposes? 
Ans - -1. It would be reasonable to suppose 
her butter yield could be easily increased as 
much as 50 per cent. 2. This test shows her 
to be a remarkably good cow—a valuable one 
to retain iu the dairy; but it does not by any 
means put a “fancy” price upon her for sale, 
as a cow to command this, no matter how 
much batter she made, must be a thorough¬ 
bred. 3. The same may be said of the calf 
that might be borne; though, if from a good 
milking strain on the paternal side, he might 
be of considerable service in a herd of com¬ 
mon cows. 
S'. C. -S'., Westorer, Md. —1. What is the 
duty on seed peas brought from Canada? 2. 
What is meant by Mahaleb stock for cherries, 
and is that the original stock? 3 On some of 
my young apple trees, the leaves are covered 
with brown spots, like the one inclosed; what 
ails them? 4. What species of tree do the in¬ 
closed leaves belong to? 
Ans. —1. Twenty per cent, besides incident¬ 
al charges, such as entry fees, consular certi¬ 
ficate, etc,, aggregating about 23 to 23 per 
cent. 2. The M ahaleb is a very small-growing 
species of the cherry, and ail ordinary kinds, 
by being worked on it, are dwarfed. The 
stock ordinarily used is the Mazzard, a small 
cherry, red or black, and often found growing 
along fence rows, and this is supposed to have 
been the original of all sweet cherries. 2. This 
is some species of mildew; usually it is seen 
only on the smaller leaves, but sometimes it 
spreads generally over tbe trees and does 
much harm. Try the sulphur-lime wash ed¬ 
itorially recommended in last issue. 4. We 
cannot name plants from leaves only: we 
must have the flower also. 
W. A. D., Sprague, Wash. —1. How can 
land so strong with alkali that weeds will not 
grow, be made productive? 2. The same with 
regard to land that grows salt grass? 3. How 
often does a mare come in heat, and, after 
service, how often should she be tried? 
Ans. —1. If the land is plowed twice each 
year, the rains will usually wash out the ex¬ 
cess of alkali iu a year or twou We know of 
no application that will hurry the process. 2. 
If the salt water is shut off and the land 
plowed, the excess of salt will soon wash out. 
Asparagus or cabbage will grow on land with 
considerable salt in its composition. 8. Usual¬ 
ly about every 21 days, though the time varies 
much in different mares. After service, wait 
two weeks, and then return her every week 
for three weeks, and then once in two weeks. 
J, McG., Methuen, Mass. —1 l have a half 
acre sown to oats for fodder; what can I put 
on after the oats are off, to be cut for fodder 
in time for seeding rye in the Fall ? 2. I have 
a peach tree on which about three weeks ago 
the leaves commenced to curl up and look 
rusty; I can find nothing on them; what ails 
them? 
Ans. —1. You will find nothing superior to 
an early-growing corn, to be sown as soon as 
the oats are off. It would be a good plan to 
sow half the area as soon as that much is 
cleared from the oats. Use some well rotted 
manure or chemical fertilizers when sowing 
the corn. 2. The peach tree has what is 
known ns the curl or curl-leaf, and this 
trouble will disappear as the weather gets 
settled aud less changeable. What causes it 
no one at present can tell, nor can anybody 
name a remedy or a preventive. 
Mrs. L. G. P., Douglas, Mich. —In breakiug 
lumps of barn-yard mauure for the garden, I 
find them full of small, grayish white grubs, 
looking like the larva* of the May Beetle,only 
smaller; will they be detrimental to the 
garden? 
Ans. —They are the larva* of a beetle of the 
same order, but of a different family—Aphod- 
ius fiuietarius. It is commonly called a muck 
worm, and will not do the least harm to any 
plant, as it feeds entirely on the manure. 
E. E. B., Little Silver, N. J. —There is a 
worm at the root that is greatly injuring the 
early cabbages; what is it, and what can be 
done to atop its ravages, and can anything be 
done to prevent its presence in preparing the 
ground for late cabbages? 
Ans.—I t is, no doubt, the Cabbage Maggot. 
See in the Rural, page 433, an article by 
Peter Henderson. We have found that put¬ 
ting a tablespoonfnl of salt about each plant 
by scattering it close about the stem, would 
drive the pests away. 
D. McD., Acme, Mich, —The inclosed insects 
are killing our apple trees; what are they, 
and what will destroy them? 
Ans.— The insects were broken beyond re¬ 
cognition. We can only say that if the insects 
eat the foliage spraying the trees with Paris- 
green or other insecticides, mixed in water, 
as elsewhere described, will certainly destroy 
them. 
A. A. S., Kingston, Mass. —I have a seed¬ 
ling grape vine that blooms full every year; 
but bears no fruit; now if the blossoms are 
pistillate, would it bear if it had a Concord 
growing near it? 
Ans. —Many grape seedlings are pistillate 
and some are staminate; now, if this seedling 
is a pistillate, its flowers may be fertilized by 
planting close by it any strong perfect-flower¬ 
ing variety that blossoms at the same time. 
If. however, the flowers are deficient in their 
pistils, it can not be made fruitful by any 
method, 
C. H. H., Bainbridge , N. Y. —I have a cow 
that, during the warm weather “holds up” 
her milk; how can I prevent it? 
Ans —It can be done only by gentle treat¬ 
ment and quick milking. Give the cow a pail 
of food of some kind made quite soft so that 
it will take her as long to eat it as you need 
for milking. This will attract her attention, 
and probably in a measure correct the habit. 
J. B. W., Charlton, Mass. —I have a bed 
already prepared for planting strawberries; 
shall I put out the plants at once or wait till 
later? 
Ans. —Put them out as soon as well rooted 
runners cau be obtained. Put them out by 
taking them up with a shovelful of earth, and 
just at night or on a cloudy day, and water 
them well, unless their removal is followed by 
a shower. 
G. D., Careysville, Ohio. —What is the best 
work on incubators: its price, etc., and is it 
reliable? 
Ans.—A. M. Halsted, Rye, N. Y., pub¬ 
lishes a book on the subject, price 75 cents, 
and H. H. Stoddard, of Hartford, Conn., a 
small work for '25 cents. 
DISCUSSION. 
Z. W. T., Oak Grove, Ill.— In the Rural, 
page 402, in speaking of the culture of corn 
and potatoes, you say “never run a plow be¬ 
tween the rows after the plants are a foot 
high.” Now will you be kind enough to ex¬ 
plain to the corn growers of the West how it 
is possible for one man to properly cultivate 
from 40 to 50 acres without plowing it after 
it is a foot high? Were your advice to be 
followed by the farmers of the Mississippi 
Yalley, not five bushels of corn to the acre 
would be raised. It would be well for you to 
visit ths great corn-growing regions of the 
West and learn the modus operandi of pro¬ 
ducing from 40 to 80 bushels of corn per acre, 
one man attending 40 or 50 acres. If you can 
tell us of a better way, we would be glad to 
know it. 
R. N.-Y.—We have been in the great corn 
fields of the West, and have seen acres of it 
rolled and drooping, clearly as the result of 
deep plowing in dry weather. It seems to us 
that any one who will study the physiology of 
the corn plant, and follow its feeding roots as 
they fill every inch of the soil, muse be satis¬ 
fied that no more detrimental thing can be 
done than to go in with the plows; and iu a 
wholesale way break up this system of root- 
growth. Anyone who will use tbe deep-work- 
iug plows, up to the time the corn is from 
eight to twelve inches tall, and after that 
time only use those cultivators that work not 
more th»u two inches deep, will, in one season, 
jiarticularly if a season of much droughts, be 
convinced by the rauk growing of his corn, 
unchecked by tbe hottest weather, and its 
yield at harvest time, that our advice in re¬ 
gard to the use of the plows was strictly cor¬ 
rect and safe to follow in the West or any¬ 
where else. 
COMMUNICATIONS ReckiVNU FOB TH8 WKSK ENDING 
Saturday, July 11.1SS5. 
J. F.-J. C.-W. H. R.-N. J. S.-D. B. B.-J. D.-A. 
N. A.—J. V.—E. G. L.-J. L.—B. C. G.-U. H. W.— 
S. S, F.—R, W. B -J. F.-D. B. C.—B. W. G.—J. M. O. 
H. B. -D. T. D.-4. K. F.-W. S. S.-M. C. L.-F. D. 
O . -7VV. Hcwelt, thanks.—C. A G.-H. H.—M. S.—X. M. 
S.-n. H.-R. A. D.-S, II. H.-G. M S.-C. R. R.-I. H. 
P. -T. W.G.-G. W.B.-.T. L. B.-M. E. S., 
thanks.—F. D. C.-John Woodruff, thanks.—C. E. F., 
hanks.—A.—M. J. C.- A. M. P.— J. M. Drew, thanks, 
—J. C.-H. B.-B. H. M.—\V . S., S., thanks.-J. H.B. 
