496 
JULY 25 
» 
very stringent laws which prevent the impor¬ 
tation of any foreign animal for any purpose. 
They were kept for the production of butter 
exclusively until within a very few years: 
but since then such a demand for them has 
spruug up in England and the United States 
that now by far the most profit is made in the 
growth and sale of stock animals. Of course, 
the keepmg of so many animals on so limited 
an area is possible only by the utmost care, 
and as a consequence they are all housed in 
the Winter, and all kept tethered in Summer 
and daily moved to new feeding grounds, 
the women having nearly the entire charge 
of them. 
In Fig. 315 (see first page) we show a scene 
characteristic of the Island. The good wo¬ 
man has come out to do her morning milking 
and to change the cows to a fresh bit of grass. 
She is seen in the act of placing the tether 
pin in the ground, while her milking imple¬ 
ments and wooden shoes are seen lying on 
the ground. As will be seen, the calves are 
allowed to ruu loose, and are prevented from 
sucking their dams by having on a halter, the 
nose piece of which is armed with long, sharp 
nails. This plate not only shows the charac¬ 
teristic formation and appearance of the is¬ 
land and manner of keeping its cattle, but is, 
withal, a very pleasant rural scene, one of 
which we scarcely tire. 
ftuml topics. 
of tho $utal 
Uw-lotltje*. 
NEW PEAS CONTINUED. 
Atlantic. Originated with O. H. Alex¬ 
ander of Charlotte, Vermont. Vines in good 
soil grow somewhat over two feet. They are 
fairly prolific, bearing medium-sized pods in 
pairs. Stems strong, foliage healthy. The 
vines average 10 pods (fruits). Planted April 
20—first picking July 7. Fifty pods weighed 
8}f ounces, contained 21)0 peas (seeds) of me¬ 
dium size, which weighed four ounces. Fair 
quality, half wrinkled. There are other peas 
of the season far more desirable. 
Mr. Alexander’s Vermont Pea grows five 
feet high in good soil and bears small pods 
and peas. It has nothing to recommend it. 
His White Rose grows the same bight, bears 
larger peas. But there are other varieties 
growing from two to three feet high that are 
just as prolific and of better quality. His Im¬ 
proved Stratagem is not distinguishable from 
the original Stratagem of Carter’s sent out in 
the Rural’s last Seed Distribution. 
Early Paragon. This was sent to us by 
Charles Sharpe & Co , Sleaford, England, 
one of Mr. Culvorwell’s introductions, the 
originator of the Telegraph which is nearly 
the same as Telephone. First picking July 7., 
planted May 1st. The vines grow nearly five 
feet high, though Mr. Sharpe describes 
them as growing from three to four feet. 
The pods are very large, though often puffy 
and uot well filled. The viues are very strong, 
the peas borne singly, though Mr. Sharpe says 
that “three and four grow together.” Fifty 
pods weighed 12 ounces, contained 387 large 
seeds which weighed 6 ounces. The quality is 
fine, seeds wrinkled. It is a prolific aud de¬ 
sirable intermediate among the tall-growing 
varieties. 
Sharpe’s Triumph. From Charles Sharpe 
& Co., Sleaford, England. Originated with 
Mr. Culverwell. The firm advertises this 
pea as, “Wrinkled marrow of exquisite flavor. 
Pods large, much curved, in clusters of two 
and three. Habit, dense and bushy; growing 
two to three feet high.” The seeds were 
planted here May 1st and the first picking 
made July 11. The vines were two-and a half 
feet high, very often two stems to a seed ami 
these somewhat branching, making the viues 
bushy aud the foliage dense, as stated. The 
pods are broad, sharply accuminate at both 
ends, generally not curved and borne singly, 
that is, not in pairs. The vines are prolific. 
Fifty pods weighed 1(3*^ onnoeB, contained 
300 seeds which weighed eight ounces. The 
peas are tender and sweet, and the variety 
may be considered as one of the best of its 
season. There are often 10 and occasionally 
11 seeds in a pod. 
CRIMSON BEAUTY RASPBERRY THE 
SAME AS IMPERIAL (?) 
April 1st, 1884, Mr. E. J. Holman sent us 
plants of what he said had long been known 
as the Imperial, stating that he believed iL to 
be the same as Crimson Beauty sent out by 
Mr. A. M. Purdy in 1883 (we believe), as a new 
variety. Mr. Holman requested us to com¬ 
pare the two and to report our opinion. This 
we have been unable to do until the present 
season, for the reason that our first plants of 
the Crimson Beauty died. 
We have now compared them as carefully 
as we know how, and are unable to distinguish 
the slightest difference. 
MONARCH RHUBARB. 
Roots of this were received from R. &. J. 
Farquhar & Co., of Boston, Mass., in early 
Spring. The stems are now at least six inches 
in circumference, by far the largest we re¬ 
member to have noticed from spring-set 
roots. There are many varieties of rhubarb, 
but the Limnc-us is preferred by most seeds¬ 
men ou account of its earliness, flavor, thin 
skin and tenderness. As to these qualities in 
the Monarch, we cannot speak until next 
year. It is said to be tender and juicy. 
THE ROSE MARSHALL P. WILDER. 
This rose, now blooming here, origina¬ 
ted with Ellwarger & Barry, of Rochester, 
N. Y., from seed of the General Jacque¬ 
minot, and it is certainly one of the finest 
Hybrid Remoutaute we have ever seen, The 
color is bard to describe, as it is not exactly 
the color of anything we can thiuk of. 
“Cherry-carmine” is the color by which the 
originators describe it, and perhaps that will 
give as definite an idea of it as any we could 
suggest. We judge the plant to he of vigor¬ 
ous growth, since it was one of the first of 200 
to recover, which were in various degrees in¬ 
jured by the application of Buhach water to 
which a small quantity of glycerine had been 
added for the purpose of experiment. The 
Buhach was first wetted with alcohol,and with 
this one gill of glycerine was mixed. The 
Buhach, alcohol and glycerine were then stir¬ 
red in four gallons of water and then sprayed 
upon the plants through a Cyclone Nozzle. 
Small as was the quantity or glycerine, it 
nevertheless served to glaze the leaves as if 
with a varnish. In a day or so nearly all 
withered and dropped. As we have said, 
Wilder was among the first, to put forth new 
shoots and leaves, aud it is now blooming two 
weeks later than its wonted time. The rose is 
more globular than Jack, that is, deeper, and 
more double,while it does not show the pistils 
and stamens when fully opeD, as does that 
favorite variety. It is of exquisite fragrance 
and, taken all together, we can not name 
another Remontant that equals it. We are 
right glad it bears the good Col. Wilder’s 
name. It will he widely cultivated and ad¬ 
mired long after his gentle influence has pass¬ 
ed away. 
farm Cjcmiomi}. 
gUmtl ^’votcvn $t. Jam potejs. 
STOCK FEEDING.—OTHER CONSIDER¬ 
ATIONS. 
“One mau’s meat is another’s poison” is an 
old “saw” bristling with truth, and which ap¬ 
plies as perfectly to animals as to men; and 
he is the most successful feeder who most 
closely watches every animal, ever ready to 
change the food or manner of feeding on the 
first indication of dislike or disagreement. 
Chemically a food may be perfect, containing 
all the elements needed by the animal in pro¬ 
ducing the desired product, aud yet, for vari¬ 
ous reasons, fail to give the expected results. 
It may be too pure, for while the animal’s 
digesting machinery may he able to act upon, 
digest aud assimilate certain etements when 
diluted and mixed with waste elements, the 
same in a pure state would produce only dis¬ 
ease. For instance, the system must have a 
certain amount of nitrogen for the formation 
of blood and the building up of muscle, yet, 
if that is supplied in its most concentrated 
form {nitric acid) it acts as a virulent and 
corrosive poison. The same is true of oxygeu; 
though taken largely with all food and drink, * 1 
aud iu the air inhaled, in its pure form, it 
would burn and distroy every living tissue. 1 
A food may be chemically faultless, having 
its components in exactly the right propor¬ 
tions for conversion iuto milk, meat, butter or . 
wool, and yet be in so concentrated a form 
that the stomach cannot act upon and digest 
it. If not mixed with a proper amount of 
waste material so as to give it the proper bulk 
to excite the stomach to healthy action, food 
becomes too laxative or constipating or in 
some other way fails to agree with the animal, 
aud proves positively injurious; or, if not ob¬ 
jectionable to such an extent, fails to produce 
the best results. The experiments recently 
made by Prof. Shelton, of Kansas, in feeding 
certain lots of cattle and pigs on meal made by , 
grinding corn and cobs together; and other lots 
on meal made from corn alone, in which the re¬ 
sults in every case showed a marked gaiu in 
favor of the combined corn-and-cob meal over 
that made from the same quantity of corn 
without the cobs, do not, in our opinion, dem¬ 
onstrate the fact that there is really any feed¬ 
ing value in the cobs; but rather, that meal 
made from corn alone is too concentrated to 
excite the stomach to its best action, and that . 
when extended with the cob meal it more fully 
meets the proper conditions for perfect diges¬ 
tion. 
Theoretically considered, there is no better 
food for fattening animals or for cows kept 
for butter making than cotton-seed or old- 
process oil-meal; but these contain from 13 
to IS per cent, of free oil, and though no fault 
can be found with them chemically, practi¬ 
cally we find that,when we feed, in more than 
very moderate quantities, any food having 
such a large amount of free oils, becomes 
medicinal, and, if continued, injurious. Iu 
some cases too much cotton seed meal has pro¬ 
duced eyen death, while the substitution of 
new process oil-meal with only from two to 
three per cent of free oil, though very nearly 
the same in other elements, has been found 
profitable even in large rations. 
The auimal's taste must be consulted; while 
some are not at all particular and will eat 
almost any ration that is given them, others 
will refuse seemingly the most suitable and 
cleanly prepared food, even to the point of 
actual hunger and loss of flesh, and when 
such a case occurs in the stables, the feeder 
must study the. animal’s taste and cater 
thereto, or, better, d ispose of it at once, re¬ 
placing it with one uot so fastidious. 
Too much importance cannot he attached 
to the water supply. At least 70 per cent, of 
the whole animal is water, and no part is so 
rapidly changed or needs replenishing so 
often. The only vehicle by which the 
various elements for the building up and 
repair of the system, not even excepting the 
bones is carried into the system, is water. 
It is a very common notion that animals, in 
cold weather especially, need to drink bnt 
once a day, yet such a course is not only 
cruel to them, but cannot under any con¬ 
ditions produce the best results. The excess of 
water beyond the present needs of digestion, 
is soon taken out of the stomach and voided 
from the system,so that subsequent eating and 
digestion cause extreme thirst, and impel the 
animals when next watered to take an inor¬ 
dinate quantity, to be again taken up and 
voided. All animals should he watered at 
least twice in 24 hours, and it would be much 
better were they to have a supply constantly 
within reach.so they could sip as often as should 
please them. A little experience and obser¬ 
vation will convince anyone of the expediency 
of this course. Eveu sheep will do 25 per 
cent bettor with an abundance of water where 
they can drink a little, and often. 
Another very common and serious mistake, 
is in compelling the stock to drink ice-cold 
water. As has already been shown, the diges¬ 
tive machinery cannot work profitably at a 
a temperature much below 100 degrees, aud 
when the animal is compelled to drink water 
at about 32 degrees (or ice-cold) aud take a 24 
hours’ supply at one time, the poor brute is 
obliged to stand and shiver, while every vital 
energy Is strained to its utmost to furnish heat 
to raise the temperature of 10 to 12 gallons of 
water at least 00 degrees, one half of which 
will be voided before needed in digesting or 
assimilating the food. More mistakes are made 
and more failures to realize satisfactory profit 
in Winter feeding by reason of a faulty water 
supply, than from an insufficiency of food or 
its improper selection. We have not the least 
doubt that where a large stock is kept, it would 
pay the keeper to have some arrangement for 
artificially warming the drinkiug water up 
to 70 or 75 degrees, and every man can have a 
well or spring, and by freshly pumping the 
water can give his stock, water at from 60 to 
65 degrees, and can at least give them wbat 
they need twice a day—’twill surely pay. 
ANOTHER FLOOD FENCE. 
We give in Fig. 313 another design for a 
flood-fence, which, like that in our last issue ou 
page 433, is the subject of a patent now dead. 
This is also adapted to turn upon its hearings 
and is easily portable. At each end of the 
panel of fence is a post driven deep into the 
earth and having a square journal box upon 
the top, in which the rounded end of the bot¬ 
tom rail is inserted. The object of this meth¬ 
od of construction, in having the square box 
to receive the round rail, is to allow airspaces 
which permit the wood to dry, and thus retard 
its decay. 
The fence is held in an upright position by 
two short, round stukes to each pane!, which 
are driven into the ground and are firm 
enough to make a tolerably secure fence; but 
which iu a flood of sufficient volume to threat¬ 
en the stability of a stationary fence, wil; 
snap off and allow the fence to turn upon its 
pivoted rail. The labor aud cost of replacing 
these temporary supporting pins are.of course, 
trifling compared with the outlay for building 
a new fence. Each panel of the fence can also 
be removed by itself by removing the cap3 to 
the journal boxes, and again replaced as 
needed. 
CYCLONE NOZZLE. 
The proper application of liquid insecticides 
has much to do with their efficiency and also 
with economy in their use. Wbeu put on 
with a sprinkler or f<^6 piim^^ud the ordin¬ 
ary style of nozzle, not less than half, aud 
often more than two-thirds of the solution is 
wasted. To be most destructive to insect life, 
the application should be made iu the finest 
spray so as to reach every part of the surface 
of foliage and limbs. We have experimented 
much; but so far have found nothing so well 
suited to this use as the Cyclone Nozzle, aud 
since we so stated in the Rural we have had 
so many letters asking for a description of it 
that we have had a cut made showing quite 
well itsconstruction. (See Fig. 316), A shows 
Fig. S16. 
it in perspective; B shows a side view, and C 
aud D show a sectional view. All are about 
two thirds of the actual size. 
The principle on which it works is that of 
centrifugal motion. The orifice from which 
the liquid issues is no larger than an uidinacy 
pin, and is iu the center of the circular disk, 
as seen in A. The spraying mixture in passing 
from the hose of the pump, passes through 
the aperture F, seen in C—and also through 
the hole E,seen in D—into a circular chamber 
in the same, when screwed ioto C. These 
are so placed that the liquid is given a rapid 
circulatory motion, causing it to issue from 
the center hole iu a mere mist, and prevent¬ 
ing the stoppage of this hole by the particles 
of any insecticide that may he used. This 
nozzle was the invention of Prof. Riley of 
Washington, and, we believe, is uot patented. 
^orticwltuual. 
SPRING CULTIVATION OF STRAW¬ 
BERRIES. 
CHARLES A. GREEN. 
Need of judgment in accepting suggestions ; 
what is right for one, may be wrong for 
another differently situated; application 
of this rule to strawberry culture in the 
bearing season ; opinions for and against; 
examples of good results from both practices. 
I was interested in your remarks, in a late 
Rural, on the cultivation of a hearing planta¬ 
tion of strawberries the same Spring they are 
fruiting. Much that is written for the press 
ought not to he accepted by the reader as ap¬ 
plicable to other surroundings than those of 
the writer. The writer generally gives his 
own experience, and the results of his experi¬ 
ments with Ids peculiar soil and surroundings. 
Tt. is clear that if any fruit grower should 
attempt to follow all the advice given by 
writers generally, the result would often be 
disastrous. Writers on such a peculiar sub¬ 
ject should he careful to specify that the ad¬ 
vice they give and the reports they make of 
their experiments are uotsnpposed to apply 
to soils,climates, aud methods of culture differ¬ 
ent from those of the writer. 
I am acquainted with several good farmers, 
who have declined to take agricultural papers, 
for the reason that they are afraid that they 
might be lod off iuto some unpractical scheme 
by visionary writers. I have no sympathy 
with this class, as I believe any person should 
bo able to decide for himself how far he may 
accept the advice and experiments of others, 
and let such Hdvieo govern his own enter¬ 
prises. An intelligent man can read the re¬ 
ports of others in a certain line of fruit-grow¬ 
ing, aud be greatly benefited, aud still not 
follow directly in the path marked out by the 
