THE RURAL. $EW-Y©R5CIR. 
780 
cousin: “I fully indorse what Prof. Budd has 
said of Moore’s Early. I think very highly of 
it, and consider it the bestaud most promising 
grape we have out there. It ripens nearly a 
week ahead of the Worden.” Mr, Rogers: 
“Moore’s stands well in Now Jersey.” Mr. 
Scott: “I have to report some rot on my 
grounds.” Mr. Munson read its classification 
from his table, covering all the points. He 
said: “it does not rot in Texas; it is very 
early, black, firm, medium to large, quality 
good to very good; makes a red wine.” Mr. 
Harrison, Ohio, reported no rot. Mr. Green: 
“I can also speak very highly of it; ripens 
before the Worden.” Mr. Manning; “Iwasat 
Mr. Moore’s place the other day and saw more 
than 40 tons of grapes in his vineyard. He 
has 000 vines which must have nearly three 
tons of fruit on them. The vines are allowed 
to run wild, no pruning having been at¬ 
tempted. Moore’s ripens three weeks before 
the Concord.” 
Lady Washington was then called. Mr. 
Augur: “Too late for us in Connecticut.” Dr. 
Hape: “It proves successful in Virginia.’’ 
Mr. Lyman: “Successful in Virginia for two 
years past; no rot, bunches large; very pro¬ 
ductive; foliage good; markets well at high 
prices.” Mr. Green: “Too late for us in 
Western New York, otherwise desirable.” 
Mr. Hubbard: “It has mildewed somewhat 
with us; viue not very hardy t think.” 
Prentiss was called next. Mr. Lyon: 
“Tender in Michigan—quite so.” Mr. Scott: 
“I never had a berry in five years; vines al¬ 
ways killed in Winter.” Prof. Budd: “It 
seems to me that this matter of testing new 
fruits is not conducted as thoroughly, carefully 
and systematically as it should be. All fruits 
should receive such testing before they are 
widely sent out. In Iowa, we have trial sta¬ 
tions in different parts of the State. At these 
places meu are given new plants and varie¬ 
ties to try. They are required not to propa¬ 
gate them, and they are usually men who can 
be relied upon to keep their word. I think 
such trial stations should he established more 
generally throughout the couutry.” Mr. 
Munson then read his classification of the 
Prentiss, and added that it did badly in Texas. 
Mr. Augur: “I had a fine crop of it last year, 
but it is now mildewing badly.” 
Worden was the next variety named. Mr. 
Lyroau: “Have grown it successfully for two 
years; find it a few day’s later than Moore’s 
Early which I prefer.” Dr. Hape; “It does 
well in Georgia.” Mr. Campbell: “I can 
speak well of it ; ripens earlier than Concord, 
of which it isa seedling I think.” Mr. Augur: 
“I like it better than Concord." Mr. Hub¬ 
bard: “I think well of it; it is somewhat ear¬ 
lier than Concord. “Mr. Lyman: “No rot in 
the Worden in Virginia,” Prof. Budd: “I 
commenced growing it about 18 years ago, 
have talked and written about it since, and 
tried to get the Western men to grow it, but 
did not succeed very well, I think it is the 
best black grape we have in the West so far. 
It is from a week to 10 days earlier than Con¬ 
cord out there.” Mr. Woodward: “I don’t 
think the quality as good as Concord; it is 
more foxy, and not so rich und sweet." Dur¬ 
ing this discussion Mr. A. E. Worden entered 
the room and invited the society to take a 
drive at one o’clock in the afternoon out to 
the vineyard and fruit farm of Munson & 
Knapp about two miles north of the city, 
where the Worden and Concord were in full 
fruitage, private carriages of leading citizens 
being generously offered for that purpose. 
The invitation was accepted, and on motion 
of Mr. Munson a committee was appointed to 
examine into the comparative merits of the 
two grapes and report. Messrs Munson, Au¬ 
gur and liber were appointed as such com¬ 
mittee. Resuming the discussion. 
Duchess was then called. Mr. Green: “One 
of the finest grapes of recent introduction. I 
think the vine is inclined to he a little tender, 
but that can be very easily overcome. The 
Duchess is a beautiful, excellent grape." 
Mr. Lyon: “Yes, when we can got it.” Mr. 
Lyman: “It rots badly in Virginia. We can 
ripen the woo: easily by careful priming. 
Bagging wid secure the fruit, which is really 
very fine when it can be obtained.” Mr. 
Munson gave a similar report of the Duchess 
in Texas. 
POCKLINOTON was the next variety. Mr. 
Scott: “It is rotting badly with me this your.” 
Mr. Collor, Mich.: “It does well with me." 
Mr. Munson read the classification. Mr. Cay- 
wood: “We find it a strong grower, and a 
good bearer, but when ripe the fruit drops 
readily from the stem.” Mr. Hubbard: “I 
find it vigorous, but tbo berry rots with me.” 
Woodruff Red was next called. Mr. Lyon: 
“I think it has some valuable qualities as 
a market variety; do not know much about 
its quality.” Mr. Scott: “It does splendidly 
with me; all vines sent out for testing in 
different sections of the country seem to have 
done well, the reports are all good. Fruit 
not of the best quality, not as good as Con¬ 
cord.” Mr. Green; “I think the vine will 
succeed almost everywhere; the bunch is very 
attractive in appearance, quality not very 
good.” Mr. Hubbard: “The vine is a strong 
grower, looks like the wild New England 
grape; foliag fine; berry large, but too foxy 
in flavor; it does not rot, however, even while 
the Concord rots all around it; in bearing 
very heavily at Ann Arbor, Mich., now.” 
Mr. Woodward: “i can speak well of its 
vigor as a vine; poor in quality, and it seems 
to promise well for market only.” 
The Eaton grape was mentioned by Treas¬ 
urer Smith, who thought it very promising; 
bunches very large, not generally dissemin¬ 
ated yet, he said. Mr. Manning: “I agree 
with Mr. Smith generally in regard to this 
grape; bunch, large and showy; quality 
good; about like Concord.” 
This ended the grape discussion. The re¬ 
port of the Committee on Native Fruits was 
then read and adopted. Several new seedling 
apples and grapes were reported. 
The documents in regard to the Comet- 
Lawson Pear controversy were then referred 
to the Committee on Nomenclature, after 
which the society took the usual noon recess. 
H. H. 
EARHART EVERBEARING RASP¬ 
BERRY. 
The so-called everbearing raspberries have 
so uniformly proved shy bearers, and some, 
neverbearers, that people have almost come 
to the conclusion that such a thing as an 
everbearing berry does not exist. Nor do we 
think that the Earbart is truly an everbear- 
er; but that it produces one very full crop, 
and at least two others of almost equal abund¬ 
ance, there is no reasonable doubt. 
Its first crop, which is claimed to be as 
abunduut as that of any berry grown, is on 
tbeold wood, or that grown the previous year. 
It ripens about one week earlier than Mam¬ 
moth Cluster, is of good size and of a bright 
shiny black—very handsome. Its later fruit 
is borne—on wood of the current season’s 
growth, and it really ripeus two good after 
crops—one in August and the other iii Septem¬ 
ber, although it has more or less ripe fruit at all 
times after the middle of August. 
At Fig. 496 we show a tip of the young 
cane, taken by us from Mr. Hale’s grounds. 
South Glastonbury, Conn., iu June. As will 
be seen, the leaves are extremely wrinkled 
or corrugated and of such distinct 
shades of green as to be very ornamental. 
This tip showed embryo blossoms when cut. 
At Fig. 497 (p.791) we show a tip cluster oJ fruit, 
selected from u number received on Septem¬ 
ber 10th, 18S5, from Mr. J. W. Sarff, of Hav¬ 
ana, 111. The foliage shows the same w rinkled 
characteristic as in the young growth, and 
also the same variations in color. There were 
on this whole branch overfill berries; but as 
they had to be sent so far, it was necessary to 
cut aud pack them before they were ripe, 
so that they are much under the usual size; 
for when received they were only beginning 
to turn red. 
This berry is an accidental seedling, found 
growing wild about 16 years ago by Mr. Ear- 
hart, iu an opeu grove on his farm in the 
eastern part of Mason County, Ill. When 
foujid, in August or September, it was full of 
ripe berries. Mr. E. broke off the canes aud 
carried them to the house; but when subse¬ 
quent search was made for the vine, it could 
not be found, and for two years it was for¬ 
gotten. When it was again found in the Fall, 
loaded with fruit, it was transplanted the suc¬ 
ceeding Spring, to the garden, where, it i3 
claimed, the original bush is still growing 
We are to have a plant one year old sent to 
us from Hale Brothers, in such a way that it 
can be planted with very little disturbance to 
its roots, and we hope to have it fruiting next 
year, so that we can speak of its productive¬ 
ness and quality on our own grounds. 
farm Ccoaomt}. 
A STUDY OF THE LAWN. 
It is a fact familiar to meadow-men that 
grass does not flourish well under walnut trees 
or catalpas, or Balsam Poplars—trees which 
have large heavy leaves which are apt to lie 
under the trees after being beaten down by an 
October rain. Some say that the drip from 
these trees poisons vegetation; others say that 
their roots run shallow ani rob the soil; 
others that they absorb the moisture and 
leave the ground too dry for grass. In many 
soils this last theory may have force; but as 
to the others why do not such small-leafed 
trees as the locust, the English Elm or the 
common pear tree, the roots of which run 
quite as superficially, have an equally dama¬ 
ging effect on grass beneath their tops? Grass 
grows well under them up to their very col¬ 
lars. The real, or rather the main reason is 
seldom thought of. It is the smothering shade 
of the fallen leaves. The small leaves of the 
locust, etc., work down between the blades of 
grass, leaving them open to the light, while 
mulching and feeding their roots and helping 
most usefully toeheck the growth of broad, flat- 
leafed weeds that often overtop and choke the 
grass. For grass is very sensitive to shade, aud 
would perish under any of these trees if their 
branches issued so low as to keep sunlight 
from the earth beneath them. We never see 
a blade of grass iu leafy, dense woods. Be¬ 
tween the shade of the living and the dead 
leaves it is entirely suppressed. 
From these facts useful lessons iu the treat, 
ment of house lawns can be deduced. Fallen 
leaves must be raked off the grass, for doing 
which easily aud pleasantly the bent-wire 
toothed lawn rake is an excellent,simple im¬ 
plement. But don’t throw the leaves away, 
or be so uujust to the soil as to burn them. 
Let them be used to mulch strawberry beds, 
or the quarter devoted to other berries, or 
to shrubbery. 
Then, if the lawn is invaded by creeping 
weeds with flat leaves which shade and 
smother out the young blades of the sensitive 
grass, dress it, when growth is over for the 
season, with line horse manure from a stable 
where sand or sawdust has been used for bed¬ 
ding, or with these alone, if needs be. Use 
euough to choke down every leaf of the weeds 
effectually; the grass blades will push through 
such a mulch in the Spring, if the roots are 
alive. If they have perished, some grass seed 
should be sprinkled ou the sandy mulch and a 
very light sprinkling of more of the mulch to 
cover it. 
Where the lawn mowers are not run too 
often, or set too low, the grass can hold its own 
against weeds of any kind in fairly good soil, 
open to full light. Don't cut too close, w. 
Why not make life uoi'th the living by 
planting a few of those berries whidh yon 
can get by sending us a single new subscriber. 
The past season has been unusually favor¬ 
able for cauLflower. Lenormand’s, Short¬ 
stemmed and Henderson’s Early Snow Ball 
are among the best. Of the former I cut 
heads 11 and 12 inches in diameter, compact 
and as white as snow. 
The brocoli is evidently not suited to our 
climate. The past season the foliage has de¬ 
veloped to enormous proportions, being in 
some cases three or four feet in hight; but 
heads are the rare exceptions, and even when 
we find one, it is not equal to the cauliflower 
in size, whiteness or delicacy. 
The cabbage caterpillar has done very little 
injury the past season. I think it was two 
years ago that Prof. S. A. Forbes, State En¬ 
tomologist of Illinois, discovered that the 
cabbage worms were being destroyed in great 
numbers, in the northern and eastern portions 
of that State, by a contagious disease closely 
allied to the flachdrie of the silk-worm. Last 
August dead worms began to appear upon the 
cabbages in onr own garden. The number 
rapidly increased until, in the latter part of 
September, they might have been counted by 
the hundreds. I sent samples to Prof. Forbes 
who thinks they diedof the same disease which 
he has described. The prospects are favorable 
that we shall be relieved, in a great measure, 
from the damage wrought by this troublesome 
pest. _ 
Corn cobs dipped in coal tar and placed 
among squash vines have again proved un¬ 
questionably beneficial in preventing any in¬ 
jury from the Squash Vine Borer (Melittia cu- 
curbltse. Harris). Paris green and water and 
the soap emulsion sprinkled upon the steins, 
also seem to be beneficial; but owing to the 
unusually vigorous growth of the vines, it 
was impossible to apply either the past season 
after the first of August. The difficulty in ap¬ 
plying these will prove almost a fatal objec¬ 
tion to their use. The coal tar, however, is so 
easily applied, its effects are so tasting and it 
is, on the whole, so efficacious, that I have no 
hesitation in recommending its use. Iu seas¬ 
ons when the borers are very numerous, they 
may destroy many of the vines in spite of the 
presence of the coal tar. But my experience 
the past two years indicates that in average 
seasons it will prove almost a complete rem¬ 
edy. 
Last Year the White Plume Celery blighted 
worse than any other variety I tested. This 
year, strange to say, it has blighted least of 
all, with, perhaps, the exception of the Boston 
Dwarf White. The growth is quite vigorous, 
the long stems with the leaves being 12 to 15 
inches. The claim that it is self-blanching 
is well sustained. 
Another year’s work adds new testimony to 
the importance of selecting seed potatoes from 
the most productive hills. Again the small¬ 
est tubers from such hills have yielded more 
than the largest ones from the least product¬ 
ive hills. b . s GOFF. 
Experiment Station, Geneva, N Y. 
ilflrintllitmL 
WINTER CARE OF BULBS AND 
PLANTS. 
WILLIAM FALCONER. 
Begonias, tuberous. —In a temperature of 
40 to 45 degrees the tubers may remain in the 
pots m which the plants were grown, the earth 
being kept dry; or be shaken out and placed 
one deep, and close together, in shallow flats, 
with or without some dry loam or sand spread 
among them. 
Caladiums, fancy-leaved.— Leave un¬ 
disturbed in the pots; lay the pots on their 
sides and keep the earth dry. Keep in a dry 
shed, room, shelf in greenhouse, or elsewhere, 
iu a temperature of .55 to 65 degrees; but not 
less than 55 degrees. 
Caladiums, green-leaved. —When frost 
hurts the foliage, cut the latter over within an 
inch or two of the “bulbs,” lift these, spread 
them out to dry, then lay by in thin layers on 
shelves, in open bins, baskets or flats, in some 
dry cellar or room where the temperature is 
above SOdegreea, preferably about 60 degrees. 
C annas. —After the first biting frost comes, 
cat them over close to the ground, lift, shake 
the bulb of the earth away from the “roots,” 
dry them, then lay part on opeu shelves in the 
cellar. It they are more than two “roots” 
deep th-y are likely to rot. They will keep as 
well if placed on the ground; but are apt to 
start too early to grow. Gardeners place 
them in dry places under the stages in their 
greenhouses, or in shallow piles on some 
